Maven 初学（一）基本概念

Pom中有三个主要元素

Groupid,artifactid,version

goupid是一个组织唯一的标识例如com.ibm.www

artifactid是一个工程呢IDibm-project

version代表一个版本例如com.ibm.www.ibm-project.1.0

maven执行一个目标（goal）有以下几个步骤

prepare-resources资源的拷贝

compile源代码拷贝阶段

package创建jar/war包阶段

install安装包到本地或者远程库中

mvncleandependency:copy-dependenciespackage

clean首先被执行，

然后dependency:copy-dependencies被执行

然后是package被执行

clean的Lifecycle

pre-clean

clean

post-clean

默认buildLifecycle

validate验证工程是否正确，所有必要的信息是否有效

LifecyclePhase	Description
validate	Validateswhetherprojectiscorrectandallnecessaryinformationisavailabletocompletethebuildprocess.
initialize	Initializesbuildstate,forexamplesetproperties
generate-sources	Generateanysourcecodetobeincludedincompilationphase.
process-sources	Processthesourcecode,forexample,filteranyvalue.
generate-resources	Generateresourcestobeincludedinthepackage.
process-resources	Copyandprocesstheresourcesintothedestinationdirectory,readyforpackagingphase.
compile	Compilethesourcecodeoftheproject.
process-classes	Post-processthegeneratedfilesfromcompilation,forexampletodobytecodeenhancement/optimizationonJavaclasses.
generate-test-sources	Generateanytestsourcecodetobeincludedincompilationphase.
process-test-sources	Processthetestsourcecode,forexample,filteranyvalues.
test-compile	Compilethetestsourcecodeintothetestdestinationdirectory.
process-test-classes	Processthegeneratedfilesfromtestcodefilecompilation.
test	Runtestsusingasuitableunittestingframework(Junitisone).
prepare-package	Performanyoperationsnecessarytoprepareapackagebeforetheactualpackaging.
package	Takethecompiledcodeandpackageitinitsdistributableformat,suchasaJAR,WAR,orEARfile.
pre-integration-test	Performactionsrequiredbeforeintegrationtestsareexecuted.Forexample,settinguptherequiredenvironment.
integration-test	Processanddeploythepackageifnecessaryintoanenvironmentwhereintegrationtestscanberun.
post-integration-test	Performactionsrequiredafterintegrationtestshavebeenexecuted.Forexample,cleaninguptheenvironment.
verify	Runanycheck-upstoverifythepackageisvalidandmeetsqualitycriterias.
install	Installthepackageintothelocalrepository,whichcanbeusedasadependencyinotherprojectslocally.
deploy	Copiesthefinalpackagetotheremoterepositoryforsharingwithotherdevelopersandprojects.

localRepository本地库

可以在settings文件中设置本地库位置

<settingsxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"><localRepository>C:/MyLocalRepository</localRepository>
</settings>

CentralRepository中心库

maven在本地库中不能找到依赖的时候，就回去中心库中寻找

http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/

RemoteRepository远程库

<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
<artifactId>project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.companyname.common-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>common-lib</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>companyname.lib1</id>
<url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib1</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>companyname.lib2</id>
<url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib2</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>

使用archetype插件创建工程

C:\MVN>mvnarchetype:generate
-DgroupId=com.companyname.bank
-DartifactId=consumerBanking
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
-DinteractiveMode=false


参考自：http://www.tutorialspoint.com/maven/maven_quick_guide.htm