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2013-10-14 17:05 253 查看
Linux命令exit - 退出当前shell
exit命令用于退出当前shell,在shell脚本中可以终止当前脚本执行。 常用参数格式:exit n退出。设…

用途说明

exit命令用于退出当前shell,在shell脚本中可以终止当前脚本执行。



常用参数

格式:exit n

退出。设置退出码为n。(Cause the shell to exit with a status of n.)



格式:exit

退出。退出码不变,即为最后一个命令的退出码。(If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. )



格式:$?

上一个命令的退出码。



格式:trap "commands" EXIT

退出时执行commands指定的命令。( A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates.)



退出码(exit status,或exit code)的约定:

0表示成功(Zero - Success)

非0表示失败(Non-Zero - Failure)

2表示用法不当(Incorrect Usage)

127表示命令没有找到(Command Not Found)

126表示不是可执行的(Not an executable)

>=128 信号产生



man 3 exit 写道
The C standard specifies two constants, EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE, that may be passed to exit() to indicate

successful or unsuccessful termination, respectively.

以下摘自/usr/include/stdlib.h

C代码


#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */
#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */



BSD试图对退出码标准化。

man 3 exit 写道
BSD has attempted to standardize exit codes; see the file <sysexits.h>.



以下摘自/usr/include/sysexits.h

C代码


#define EX_OK 0 /* successful termination */

#define EX__BASE 64 /* base value for error messages */

#define EX_USAGE 64 /* command line usage error */
#define EX_DATAERR 65 /* data format error */
#define EX_NOINPUT 66 /* cannot open input */
#define EX_NOUSER 67 /* addressee unknown */
#define EX_NOHOST 68 /* host name unknown */
#define EX_UN***AILABLE 69 /* service unavailable */
#define EX_SOFTWARE 70 /* internal software error */
#define EX_OSERR 71 /* system error (e.g., can't fork) */
#define EX_OSFILE 72 /* critical OS file missing */
#define EX_CANTCREAT 73 /* can't create (user) output file */
#define EX_IOERR 74 /* input/output error */
#define EX_TEMPFAIL 75 /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */
#define EX_PROTOCOL 76 /* remote error in protocol */
#define EX_NOPERM 77 /* permission denied */
#define EX_CONFIG 78 /* configuration error */

#define EX__MAX 78 /* maximum listed value */


使用示例

示例一 退出当前shell

[root@new55 ~]#

[root@new55 ~]# exit

logout



示例二 在脚本中,进入脚本所在目录,否则退出

Bash代码


cd $(dirname $0) || exit 1



示例三 在脚本中,判断参数数量,不匹配就打印使用方式,退出

Bash代码


if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then
echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>"
exit 2
fi



示例四 在脚本中,退出时删除临时文件

Bash代码


trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT



示例五 检查上一命令的退出码

Bash代码


./mycommand.sh
EXCODE=$?
if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then
echo "O.K"
fi
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