ubuntu下使用qemu-system-arm模拟arm环境

最近由于学习需要，开始搭建嵌入式开发环境，但苦于硬件平台还没有弄好，故先在ubuntu环境下进行模拟。
以下方法将在ubuntu10.10主机上，利用qemu-system-arm安装一个arm11的操作系统。系统采用nfs方式挂载文件系统，可以用来模拟arm11的运行环境。

安装qemu-system-arm

（qemu的使用情况在http://www.cnblogs.com/flyingcloude/archive/2012/10/18/2730052.html介绍过了）

　　sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linaro-maintainers/tools

　　sudo apt-get update

　　sudo apt-get install qemu-system

安装好后，可以执行以下命令查看版本

qemu-system-arm --version

编译arm11内核

1、创建文件夹~/arm/kernel,并切换工作目录

mkdir ~/arm
mkdir ~/arm/kernel
cd ~/arm/kernel

2、下载EABI的TAR包

wget https://sourcery.mentor.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/package8734/public/arm-none-eabi/arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 tar xjvf arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

3、下载、解压，为内核打上armv6支持的补丁

wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.0.4.tar.bz2 tar -xvf linux-3.0.4.tar.bz2
wget http://thoronir.net/raspi-dev/linux-arm.patch patch -p1 -d linux-3.0.4/ < linux-arm.patch

4、设置内核编译选项

先安装ncurses

sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

cd linux-3.0.4
make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig
make ARCH=arm menuconfig

General Setup —>Cross-compiler tool prefix
(We need to enter the path of the toolchain followed by ‘/bin/arm-none-eabi-’)

在我的电脑上是/usr/local/arm-2011.03/bin/arm-none-eabi-

System Type —>

[*] Support ARM V6 processor
[*] ARM errata: Invalidation of the Instruction Cache operation can fail

Kernel Features —>

[*] Use ARM EABI to compile the kernel
[*] Allow old ABI binaries to run with this kernel

Bus Support —>

[*] PCI Support

Device Drivers —>SCSI Device Support —>

[*] SCSI Device Support
[*] SCSI Disk Support
[*] SCSI CDROM support
[*] SCSI low-lever drivers —>
[*] SYM53C8XX  Version 2 SCSI support

Device Drivers —>Generic Driver Options—>

[*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev
[*] Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the root

Device Drivers —>Input device support—>

[*] Event interface

Device Drivers —>

[*] Real Time Clock ->

File systems —>Pseudo filesystems—>

[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

5、编译内核

make ARCH=arm

制作文件系统

1、新建文件系统目标并下载文件

cd ~/arm
mkdir debian_armel_squeeze
sudo debootstrap --foreign --arch armel squeeze debian_armel_squeeze http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian[/code] 
如果debootstrap没有安装的话，先进行安装

sudo apt-get install debootstrap


2、安装内核模块

cd linux-3.0.4
sudo make ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../debian_armel_squeeze modules_install


3、复制zImage

cd ~/arm
cp kernel/linux-3.0.4/arch/arm/boot/zImage .


配置NFS服务

1、如果没有安装NFS，先安装NFS软件包

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common


2、添加服务路径、在配置文件中加入一行

/home/ubuntu/arm/debian_armel_squeeze  *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)


3、保存并重启nfs服务

sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart


网络配置

配置网络后,主机ubuntu和虚拟的arm11系统就在同一网段,以bridge方式连接.如果您的计算机是在路由器下面,配置网络完成之后,虚拟机arm11系统和ubuntu均能访问外网.

1、打开TUN/TAP选项

　　1、查看选项是否已经打开

grep CONFIG_TUN= /boot/config-2.6.35-32-generic


　　2、查看/dev/net/tun是否存在，如果不存在，可以创建它

mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200


2、安装桥接工具

sudo apt-get install bridge-utils


3、初始化arm11系统

　　1、初始化网络

sudo brctl addbr br0
sudo ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up
sudo brctl addif br0 eth0
sudo dhclient br0
sudo iptables -F FORWARD


　　2、启动arm11系统

cd ~/arm
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.ext2 count=6M
mkfs.ext2 rootfs.ext2
mkdir mnt
sudo mount -o loop rootfs.ext2 mnt
sudo cp debian_armel_squeeze/* mnt -a
sudo umount mnt


sudo qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -hda rootfs.ext2 -kernel zImage \
-append "root=/dev/sda rw init=/bin/bash" -serial stdio


系统启动成功后，出现shell界面，运行以下命令

mount /proc /proc -t /proc
./debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage


设置主机名和密码

printf "auto eth0\niface eth0 inet dhcp\n" >> etc/network/interfaces
echo "arm-debian" > /etc/hostname
passwd


到此，系统已经完成，停止qemu重新启动系统

sudo qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -hda rootfs.ext2 -kernel zImage \
-append "root=/dev/sda" -serial stdio


参考：http://www.cnx-software.com/2011/10/18/raspberry-pi-emulator-in-ubuntu-with-qemu/