理解MySQL字段约束的概念、基本使用。企业新闻管理系统数据库建设
2013-09-24 16:26
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(1) 创建一个新生报名表，
表名：baoming字段分别为：
编号 （主键，自动增加）
姓名（不能为空，唯一）
性别（不能为空）
手机号（不能为空）
邮箱（可以为空，唯一）
高考分数（不能为空）
获得奖项（不能为空）抽奖奖品
专业（不能为空）
QQ号（不能为空）
家庭地址
(2) 插入5条数据测试，并理解数据完整性约束。
5条数据姓名分别是：松井、坝上、野田、小犬、叫兽
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.13-enterprise-commercial-advanced MySQL Enterprise Server -
Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
显示现有数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| csdn3g |
| dazuoye |
| gujianpeng |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| student |
| test |
| webnews |
| zuoye |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建一个lianxi数据库
mysql> create database lianxi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| csdn3g |
| dazuoye |
| gujianpeng |
| lianxi |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| student |
| test |
| webnews |
| zuoye |
+--------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
用lianli数据库
mysql> use lianxi;
Database changed
(3) 创建一个新生报名表，
表名：baoming字段分别为：
编号 （主键，自动增加）
姓名（不能为空，唯一）
性别（不能为空）
手机号（不能为空）
邮箱（可以为空，唯一）
高考分数（不能为空）
获得奖项（不能为空）抽奖奖品
专业（不能为空）
QQ号（不能为空）
家庭地址
mysql> create table baoming(id int primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(20) not null unique,
-> sex varchar(20) not null,
-> mobile varchar(20) not null,
-> mail varchar(20) unique,
-> grade int not null,
-> awarde varchar(20) not null,
-> major varchar(20) not null,
-> QQ int(30) not null,
-> family varchar(50)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.42 sec)
查看表名数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mobile | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mail | varchar(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| awarde | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| major | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| QQ | int(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| family | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0.07 sec)
插入5条数据测试，
5条数据姓名分别是：松井、坝上、野田、小犬、叫兽.
mysql> insert into baoming values(1,'松井','男','182032823','652323@qq.com','435
','苹果8s','软件开发','652323','高老庄');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(2,'坝上','男','182032823','6523523@qq.com','43
55','苹果10s','软件','6523523','花果山');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(3,'野田 ','不男不女','182032823','16523523@qq.
com','4355','苹果120s','软件','16523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(4,'小犬 ','不男不女','182032823','116523523@qq
.com','4355','苹果120s','软件','116523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(5,'叫兽 ','不女','182032823','1216523523@qq.co
m','4355','苹果120s','软件','1216523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
查看biaoming数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mobile | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mail | varchar(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| awarde | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| major | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| QQ | int(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| family | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
显示插入的新数据信息
mysql> select *from baoming;
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | mobile | mail | grade | awarde
| major | QQ | family |
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
| 1 | 松井 | 男 | 182032823 | 652323@qq.com | 435 | 苹果8s
| 软件开发 | 652323 | 高老庄 |
| 2 | 坝上 | 男 | 182032823 | 6523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果10s
| 软件 | 6523523 | 花果山 |
| 3 | 野田 | 不男不女 | 182032823 | 16523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 16523523 | 盘丝岭 |
| 4 | 小犬 | 不男不女 | 182032823 | 116523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 116523523 | 盘丝岭 |
| 5 | 叫兽 | 不女 | 182032823 | 1216523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 1216523523 | 盘丝岭 |
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
(2) 根据需求分析的结果规划出的实体有：管理员实体、单条新闻实体、新闻版块实体、新闻评论实体
(3) 创建5个数据表
1、 管理员表 Users
字段如下：
id int(4) NOT NULL auto_increment,
type int(4) not null,
username char(30) not null,
password char(30) not null,
limits char(30) not null,1
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.13-enterprise-commercial-advanced MySQL Enterprise Server -
Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
创建一个新生报名表
mysql> create table baoming(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(10) n
ot null unique,sex varchar(5) not null,tellcode varchar(12) not null,eamil varch
ar(10) unique,grade int(5) not null,price int(3) not null,pro varchar(10),qq var
char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.63 sec)
查看biaoming数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| tellcode | varchar(12) | NO | | NULL | |
| eamil | varchar(10) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| price | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| pro | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| qq | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示插入的管理员表
mysql> desc users;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| type | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| username | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| limits | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建新闻评论表（comments）
mysql> create table comments(CommentID int(4) not null primary key,reviewer int(
4),Title varchar(100) not null,Content text(16),commentDate datetime not null de
fault now(),newsID int(4),constraint reviewer_fk foreign key(reviewer) reference
s member(memberId),constraint newsID_fk foreign key(reviewer) references news(Ne
wsID));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.92 sec)
查看comments
mysql> desc comments;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| CommentID | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| reviewer | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| Title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Content | tinytext | YES | | NULL | |
| commentDate | datetime | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| newsID | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建一个新闻版块表（section）
mysql> create table section(sectionID int(4) not null primary key,sectionName va
rchar(30) not null,description varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
创建一个新闻表（news）
mysql> create table news(NewsID int(4) not null primary key,submtDate datetime n
ot null default now(),Author varchar(50) not null,Title varchar(100) not null,Co
ntent text(16) not null,sectionID int(4),keyWords varchar(100),clickedTimes int(
4) default 0,constraint news_fk foreign key(sectionID) references section(sectio
nId));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.56 sec)
添加照片的数据
mysql> alter table news add picture varchar(100) default NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.66 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看news数据
mysql> desc news;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| NewsID | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| submtDate | datetime | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| Author | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| Title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Content | tinytext | NO | | NULL | |
| sectionID | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| keyWords | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| clickedTimes | int(4) | YES | | 0 | |
| picture | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
表名：baoming字段分别为：
编号 （主键，自动增加）
姓名（不能为空，唯一）
性别（不能为空）
手机号（不能为空）
邮箱（可以为空，唯一）
高考分数（不能为空）
获得奖项（不能为空）抽奖奖品
专业（不能为空）
QQ号（不能为空）
家庭地址
5.1.3 任务要求
(1) 整理建表语句并上交(2) 插入5条数据测试，并理解数据完整性约束。
5条数据姓名分别是：松井、坝上、野田、小犬、叫兽
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.13-enterprise-commercial-advanced MySQL Enterprise Server -
Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
显示现有数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| csdn3g |
| dazuoye |
| gujianpeng |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| student |
| test |
| webnews |
| zuoye |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建一个lianxi数据库
mysql> create database lianxi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| csdn3g |
| dazuoye |
| gujianpeng |
| lianxi |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| student |
| test |
| webnews |
| zuoye |
+--------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
用lianli数据库
mysql> use lianxi;
Database changed
(3) 创建一个新生报名表，
表名：baoming字段分别为：
编号 （主键，自动增加）
姓名（不能为空，唯一）
性别（不能为空）
手机号（不能为空）
邮箱（可以为空，唯一）
高考分数（不能为空）
获得奖项（不能为空）抽奖奖品
专业（不能为空）
QQ号（不能为空）
家庭地址
mysql> create table baoming(id int primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(20) not null unique,
-> sex varchar(20) not null,
-> mobile varchar(20) not null,
-> mail varchar(20) unique,
-> grade int not null,
-> awarde varchar(20) not null,
-> major varchar(20) not null,
-> QQ int(30) not null,
-> family varchar(50)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.42 sec)
查看表名数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mobile | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mail | varchar(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| awarde | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| major | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| QQ | int(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| family | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0.07 sec)
插入5条数据测试，
5条数据姓名分别是：松井、坝上、野田、小犬、叫兽.
mysql> insert into baoming values(1,'松井','男','182032823','652323@qq.com','435
','苹果8s','软件开发','652323','高老庄');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(2,'坝上','男','182032823','6523523@qq.com','43
55','苹果10s','软件','6523523','花果山');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(3,'野田 ','不男不女','182032823','16523523@qq.
com','4355','苹果120s','软件','16523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(4,'小犬 ','不男不女','182032823','116523523@qq
.com','4355','苹果120s','软件','116523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> insert into baoming values(5,'叫兽 ','不女','182032823','1216523523@qq.co
m','4355','苹果120s','软件','1216523523','盘丝岭');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
查看biaoming数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mobile | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| mail | varchar(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| awarde | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| major | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| QQ | int(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| family | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
显示插入的新数据信息
mysql> select *from baoming;
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | mobile | mail | grade | awarde
| major | QQ | family |
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
| 1 | 松井 | 男 | 182032823 | 652323@qq.com | 435 | 苹果8s
| 软件开发 | 652323 | 高老庄 |
| 2 | 坝上 | 男 | 182032823 | 6523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果10s
| 软件 | 6523523 | 花果山 |
| 3 | 野田 | 不男不女 | 182032823 | 16523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 16523523 | 盘丝岭 |
| 4 | 小犬 | 不男不女 | 182032823 | 116523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 116523523 | 盘丝岭 |
| 5 | 叫兽 | 不女 | 182032823 | 1216523523@qq.com | 4355 | 苹果120s
| 软件 | 1216523523 | 盘丝岭 |
+----+---------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+-------+---------
---+--------------+------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
任务2：企业新闻管理系统数据库建设（时间：120分钟）
5.2.1 任务描述
(1) 创建一个新闻管理系统数据库名称：webnews(2) 根据需求分析的结果规划出的实体有：管理员实体、单条新闻实体、新闻版块实体、新闻评论实体
(3) 创建5个数据表
1、 管理员表 Users
字段如下：
id int(4) NOT NULL auto_increment,
type int(4) not null,
username char(30) not null,
password char(30) not null,
limits char(30) not null,1
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.13-enterprise-commercial-advanced MySQL Enterprise Server -
Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
创建一个新生报名表
mysql> create table baoming(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(10) n
ot null unique,sex varchar(5) not null,tellcode varchar(12) not null,eamil varch
ar(10) unique,grade int(5) not null,price int(3) not null,pro varchar(10),qq var
char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.63 sec)
查看biaoming数据
mysql> desc baoming;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| tellcode | varchar(12) | NO | | NULL | |
| eamil | varchar(10) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| grade | int(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| price | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| pro | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| qq | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示插入的管理员表
mysql> desc users;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| type | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| username | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| limits | char(30) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建新闻评论表（comments）
mysql> create table comments(CommentID int(4) not null primary key,reviewer int(
4),Title varchar(100) not null,Content text(16),commentDate datetime not null de
fault now(),newsID int(4),constraint reviewer_fk foreign key(reviewer) reference
s member(memberId),constraint newsID_fk foreign key(reviewer) references news(Ne
wsID));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.92 sec)
查看comments
mysql> desc comments;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| CommentID | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| reviewer | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| Title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Content | tinytext | YES | | NULL | |
| commentDate | datetime | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| newsID | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建一个新闻版块表（section）
mysql> create table section(sectionID int(4) not null primary key,sectionName va
rchar(30) not null,description varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
创建一个新闻表（news）
mysql> create table news(NewsID int(4) not null primary key,submtDate datetime n
ot null default now(),Author varchar(50) not null,Title varchar(100) not null,Co
ntent text(16) not null,sectionID int(4),keyWords varchar(100),clickedTimes int(
4) default 0,constraint news_fk foreign key(sectionID) references section(sectio
nId));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.56 sec)
添加照片的数据
mysql> alter table news add picture varchar(100) default NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.66 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看news数据
mysql> desc news;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| NewsID | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| submtDate | datetime | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| Author | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| Title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Content | tinytext | NO | | NULL | |
| sectionID | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| keyWords | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| clickedTimes | int(4) | YES | | 0 | |
| picture | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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