Ubuntu 12.04下源代码安装MySQL5.6以及Python-MySQLdb

前几天一直在弄这个。本来根据官网的教程一步一步下来之后mysql是可以的，但是在安装了Python-MySQLdb之后发现mysql就不行了，已启动就会出现“The MySQL server quit without updating the PID file（/usr/local/bin/mysql/data/XXXXX.pid"错误或者出现”MySQL server cannot be found（/usr/bin/mysqld_safe)“错误。

后来发现是一个/etc/mysql/my.cnf这个文件导致的，这个文件是安装了Python-MySQLdb之后才会出现的，除非你安装mysql是把my-default.cnf拷贝到这个位置了。安装好后Python-MySQLdb之后的/etc/mysql/my.cnf文件的内容应该如下:

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html 
# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port        = 3306
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice        = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir        = /usr
datadir        = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir        = /tmp
lc-messages-dir    = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address        = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer        = 16M
max_allowed_packet    = 16M
thread_stack        = 192K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover         = BACKUP
#max_connections        = 100
#table_cache            = 64
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit    = 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries    = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id        = 1
#log_bin            = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days    = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
#binlog_do_db        = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db    = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem

[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet    = 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash    # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer        = 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

至于如何修改以上文件从而让mysql正常启动？接下来从我安装mysql和python-MySQLdb的过程说起。当然如果你选择了使用apt-get install python-mysqldb mysql-server是不会出现上述错误的。

一、MySQL源码安装

在这这里我提供自动化脚本以参考，该脚本已经过我在ubuntu12.04下测试：

export SRCDIR="/home/XXXXX" #自己定义
export INSTALLDIR="/usr/local/bin"#自己定义
cd $SRCDIR
apt-get install -y g++ gcc make libpcre3 zlib1g libbz2-dev automake cmake perl libncurses5-dev bison #安装依赖
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz #下载源代码
#创建mysql用户及用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
#创建mysql的安装目录以及数据库数据存放目录
mkdir -p $INSTALLDIR/mysql
mkdir -p $INSTALLDIR/mysql/data
#安装mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.12
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALLDIR/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=$INSTALLDIR/mysql/data  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
make
make install
#设置目录权限
cd $INSTALLDIR/mysql
chown -R root:mysql . #把当前目录中所有文件的所有者所有者设为root，所属组为mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql data
#将配置拷贝到全局目录下
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#创建系统数据库的表
#scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=$INSTALLDIR/mysql --datadir=$INSTALLDIR/mysql/data
#设置环境变量
cat > /root/export.sh << EOF
export PATH=$PATH:$INSTALLDIR/mysql/bin:$INSTALLDIR/mysql/lib
EOF
echo 'source /root/export.sh' >> /root/.bashrc
source /root/export.sh

#将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中

cp /usr/local/bin/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql/etc/init.d/mysql start
#修改MySQL的root用户的密码以及打开远程连接
mysql -u root mysql
use mysql;
desc user;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
update user set Password = password(‘your mysql password’) where User='root';
select Host,User,Password from user where User='root';
flush privileges;
exit
/etc/init.d/mysql stop

cmake编译参数说明：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX //安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 　//使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci//校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all　　　//安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允许从本地导入数据

注意事项：

重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

#make clean

# rm-f CMakeCache.txt

# rm-rf /etc/my.cnf

至此，mysql是可以正常运作的。接下来我们安装Python-MySQLdb。

二、Python-MySQLdb源码安装

如自动化脚本所示：

cd $SRCDIR
apt-get install -y python-dev libmysqld-dev
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mysql-python/mysql-python/1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz tar -zxvf MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd MySQL-python-1.2.3
sed -i -e "s/#mysql_config = \/usr\/local\/bin\/mysql_config/mysql_config=\/usr\/local\/bin\/mysql\/bin\/mysql_config/g" ./site.cfg
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
ln -s $INSTALLDIR/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18

如果此时启动mysql，则会出现文章开始时所出现的错误。这些错误是由于/etc/mysql/my.cnf中的配置选项不匹配有关的。

接下来，我们需要对该文件作出一些修改，即可使mysql正常启动，脚本如下所示：

cat > /etc/mysql/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = $INSTALLDIR/mysql
datadir = $INSTALLDIR/mysql/data
tmpdir    = /tmp
lc-messages-dir    = $INSTALLDIR/mysql/share
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
myisam-recover = BACKUP
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
log_error =$INSTALLDIR/mysql/data/log/mysql/error.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M

[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
EOF

此时即可正常启动mysql。