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常用u-boot命令详解(全)

2013-07-22 16:28 204 查看
U-boot发展到现在,他的命令行模式已经非常接近Linux下的shell了,命令行模式模式下支持“Tab”键的命令补全和命令的历史记录功能。而且如果你输入的命令的前几个字符和别的命令不重复,那么你就只需要打这几个字符即可,比如我想看这个U-boot的版本号,命令就是“ version”,但是在所有的命令中没有其他任何一个的命令是由“v”开头的,所以只需要输入“v”即可。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# version

U-Boot 2009.11 ( 4月 04 2010 - 12:09:25)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# v

U-Boot 2009.11 ( 4月 04 2010 - 12:09:25)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# base

Base Address: 0x00000000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# ba

Base Address: 0x00000000
由于U-boot支持的命令实在太多,一个一个细讲不现实,也没有必要。所以下面我挑一些烧写和引导常用命令介绍一下,其他的命令大家就举一反三,或者“help”吧!

(1)获取帮助

命令:help 或 ?

功能:查看当前U-boot版本中支持的所有命令。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# help

? - alias for 'help'

askenv - get environment variables from stdin

base - print or set address offset

bdinfo - print Board Info structure

bmp - manipulate BMP image data

boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'

bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'

bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory

bootm - boot application image from memory

bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol

bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image

cmp - memory compare

coninfo - print console devices and information

cp - memory copy

crc32 - checksum calculation

date - get/set/reset date & time

dcache - enable or disable data cache

dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol

echo - echo args to console

editenv - edit environment variable

eeprom - EEPROM sub-system

erase - erase FLASH memory

exit - exit script

fatinfo - print information about filesystem

fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem

fatls - list files in a directory (default /)

flinfo - print FLASH memory information

fsinfo - print information about filesystems

fsload - load binary file from a filesystem image

go - start application at address 'addr'

help - print online help

i2c - I2C sub-system

icache - enable or disable instruction cache

iminfo - print header information for application image

imls - list all images found in flash

imxtract- extract a part of a multi-image

itest - return true/false on
integer compare

loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit
mode)

loads - load S-Record file over serial line

loadx - load binary file over serial line (xmodem
mode)

loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem
mode)

loop - infinite loop on address range

ls - list files in a directory (default /)

md - memory display

mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing address)

mmc - MMC sub-system

mtest - simple RAM read/write test

mw - memory write (fill)

nand - NAND sub-system

nboot - boot from NAND device

nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol

nm - memory modify (constant address)

ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host

printenv- print environment variables

protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection

rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol

reginfo - print register information

reset - Perform RESET of the CPU

run - run commands in an environment variable

saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage

setenv - set environment variables

showvar - print local hushshell variables

sleep - delay execution for some time

source - run script from memory

test - minimal test like /bin/sh

tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol

unzip - unzip a memory region

usb - USB sub-system

usbboot - boot from USB device

version - print monitor version

如果你想获取某条命令的更详细的帮助,可以使用:

help <你想要查的指令>

或者 ? <你想要查的指令> ,

甚至 h <你想要查的指令缩写>。
以bmp指令为例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# help
bmp

bmp - manipulate BMP image data

Usage:

bmp info <imageAddr> - display image info

bmp display <imageAddr> [x y] - display
image at x,y

[u-boot@MINI2440]# ? bmp

bmp - manipulate BMP image data

Usage:

bmp info <imageAddr> - display image info

bmp display <imageAddr> [x y] - display
image at x,y

[u-boot@MINI2440]# h
bm

bmp - manipulate BMP image data

Usage:

bmp info <imageAddr> - display image info

bmp display <imageAddr> [x y] - display
image at x,y

(2)环境变量(environment variables,简称ENV)与相关指令

和shell类似,U-Boot也有环境变量。一些U-boot默认的环境变量如下:

环 境 变 量

解 释 说 明

bootdelay执行自动启动(bootcmd中的命令)的等候秒数
baudrate串口控制台的波特率
netmask以太网的网络掩码
ethaddr以太网的MAC地址
bootfile默认的下载文件名
bootargs传递给Linux内核的启动参数
bootcmd自动启动时执行命令
serveripTFTP服务器端的IP地址
ipaddr本地的IP地址
stdin标准输入设备,一般是串口
stdout标准输出,一般是串口,也可是LCD(VGA)
stderr标准出错,一般是串口,也可是LCD(VGA)
要看到你的板上的ENV值可使用printenv命令,例如我的板子:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv

bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.0.1:/home/tekkaman/working/nfs/rootfs
ip=192.168.0.2:192.168.0.1::255.255.255.0
console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M

bootcmd=nfs 0x30008000 192.168.0.1:/home/tekkaman/working/nfs/zImage.img;bootm

bootdelay=1

baudrate=115200

ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27

ipaddr=192.168.0.2

serverip=192.168.0.1

gatewayip=192.168.0.1

netmask=255.255.255.0

tekkaman=bmp d 70000

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

ethact=dm9000

Environment size: 470/131068 bytes

你会发现有些有的ENV我没有,还有一个“tekkaman”的ENV。原因是如果你没有设置这个环境变量就不会打印出,你也可以自己定义ENV,并在命令中使用${ENV}来调用它。同时你也可以删除这个ENV。设置ENV的命令是setenv,格式为:

setenv name value
第1个参数是环境变量的名称。

第2个参数是要设置的值,如果没有第2个参数,表示删除这个环境变量。

例如:我先将”tekkaman”参数删除,再设置,最后在一个命令串中调用。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv
tekkaman

tekkaman=bmp d 70000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# setenv tekkaman

[u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv tekkaman

## Error: "tekkaman" not defined

[u-boot@MINI2440]# setenv tekkaman echo "I
am Tekkaman Ninja!"

[u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv tekkaman

tekkaman=echo I am Tekkaman

[u-boot@MINI2440]# echo I Love Linux ;${tekkaman}

I Love Linux

I am Tekkaman
当你设置了ENV,它只保存在内存中,如果你要它保存在存放ENV的固态存储器中,请使用:saveenv。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# saveenv

Saving Environment to NAND...

Erasing Nand...

Erasing at 0x6000000000002 -- 0% complete.

Writing to Nand... done
如果在启动的时候会看到U-boot打印出:“Warning - bad CRC, using default environment”,说明U-boot没有在存放ENV的固态存储器中找到有效的ENV,只好使用你在编译的时候定义的默认ENV。如果U-boot存放ENV的固态存储器的驱动是OK的,那么只要运行 saveenv就可以把默认ENV写入固态存储器,下次启动就不会有这个警告了。

ENV可以放在许多固体存储器中,对于mini2440来说Nor Flash、Nand Flash或EEPROM都可以,就看你如何配置了(include/configs下的配置文件)。例如:

Nor Flash:

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH
1

#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0X40000

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
Nand Flash:

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
1

#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0X40000

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
EEPROM:

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM
1 /* use EEPROM for environment vars */

#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x000 /* environment starts at offset 0 */

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x400 /* 1KB */


CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET是在整个存储器中的偏移地址;

CONFIG_ENV_SIZE是指其使用的大小。


注意 CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET和 CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 的设置,不要覆盖了其他分区。

四、U-boot的使用(二)



命令:

loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)

loadx - load binary file over serial line (xmodem mode)

loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)

功能:以不同的协议从串口获取文件.。

格式基本都为:

load? [ off ] [ baud ]

第1个参数是下载到SDRAM的地址,如果不填,就是用默认配置:CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR

第2个参数是波特率,一般不填,用默认的115200.

在windows下的超级终端可以用这些协议发送文件,但是在ubuntu下基本只能用kermit协议。一下使用C-kermit来发送一个文件到mini2440。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# loadb

## Ready for binary (kermit) download
to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...
上面已经启动了U-boot的kermit传输协议,这时按下 Ctrl + \ , 再按 c, 切换到C-kermit的命令行模式,输入命令:send <文件路径>,回车。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# loadb

## Ready for binary (kermit) download
to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...

(Back at MAGI-Linux)

----------------------------------------------------

C-Kermit 8.0.211, 10 Apr 2004, for Linux

Copyright (C) 1985, 2004,

Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.

Type ? or HELP for help.

(/home/tekkaman/桌面/) C-Kermit>send/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img
C-kermit就开始传送,并且显示一个传送界面,并动态显示传送进度。

C-Kermit 8.0.211, 10
Apr 2004, MAGI-Linux

Current Directory: /home/tekkaman/��~L�~]�

Communication Device: /dev/ttyUSB0

Communication Speed: 115200

Parity: none

RTT/Timeout: 01 / 02

SENDING: /home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img => zImage.img

File Type: BINARY

File Size: 2277540

Percent Done: 19 /////////-

...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90..100

Estimated Time Left: 00:03:35

Transfer Rate, CPS: 8536

Window Slots: 1 of 1

Packet Type: D

Packet Count: 557

Packet Length: 1000

Error Count: 0

Last Error:

Last Message:

X to cancel file, Z to cancel group, <CR> to
resend last packet,

E to send Error packet, ^C to quit immediately, ^L
to refresh screen.
传送完毕后,输入c ,回到U-boot的串口界面。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# loadb

## Ready for binary (kermit) download
to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...

(Back at MAGI-Linux)

----------------------------------------------------

C-Kermit 8.0.211, 10 Apr 2004, for Linux

Copyright (C) 1985, 2004,

Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.

Type ? or HELP for help.

(/home/tekkaman/桌面/) C-Kermit>send/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img

(/home/tekkaman/桌面/) C-Kermit>c

Connecting to /dev/ttyUSB0, speed 115200

Escape character: Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS): enabled

Type the escape character followed by C to get back,

or followed by ? to see other options.

----------------------------------------------------

## Total Size = 0x0022c0a4 = 2277540 Bytes

## Start Addr = 0x30008000
(4)网络命令



只要你的网卡驱动没问题,那么你就可以通过网络来传输文件到开发板,这可比串口快多了。你可以直接用交叉网线连接开发板和电脑,也可以用普通直连网线连接路由器,再连到电脑,不过记得配置好网络,关闭防火墙哦。

先测试网络是否通了,现在开发板使用ping 命令,看看是否可以ping通电脑:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# ping
192.168.1.100

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

host 192.168.1.100 is alive
如果出现:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# ping
192.168.1.100

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

ping failed; host 192.168.1.100 is not alive
这样无法ping通的事,可能是:

1、U-boot网卡驱动有问题

2、U-boot网络协议延时配置有问题

3、网络参数配置问题,比如IP等,Host和Target都有可能有问题。Host最好关闭IPv6。

实在找不到原因,用Wireshark抓包看看。

如果网络畅通,下面就可以使用下面的命令从tftp目录或者nfs目录下载文件到SDRAM了。

命令:

dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol

rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol

nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol

tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol

bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol

这几个命令的格式都是:<指令> [目的SDRAM地址] [[主机IP:]文件名]

注意:

要使用dhcp、rarpboot或 bootp 等功能要路由器或Host的支持。

如果没有输入[目的SDRAM地址],系统就是用编译时定义的CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR作为目的SDRAM地址

如果tftpboot和nfs命令没有定义[主机IP:],则使用ENV中的serverip

其它命令必需定义[主机IP:],否则会使用提供动态IP服务的主机IP作为[主机IP:]。

使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nfs
0x30008000
192.168.1.100:/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.100; our
IP address is 192.168.1.101

Filename '/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: ###################################################

done

Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# tftp
u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is
192.168.1.101

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: T ##################

done

Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# dhcp
192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

BOOTP broadcast 1

BOOTP broadcast 2

DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.101

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is
192.168.1.101

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: ##################

done

Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# bootp
192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin


dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

BOOTP broadcast 1

BOOTP broadcast 2

DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.101

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is
192.168.1.101

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: ##################

done

Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# rarpboot
192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin
我的路由器没有开rarp协议,所以rarpboot 无法使用,要使用dhcp或 bootp 也是要路由或Host支持的。

(5)Nand Flash操作指令

常用的Nand Flash指令如下:

指令

功能

nand info显示可使用的Nand Flash
nand device [dev]显示或设定当前使用的Nand Flash
nand read

addr off

size
Nand Flash读取命令,从Nand的 off 偏移地址处读取size 字节的数据到SDRAM的 addr地址。
nand write

addr off

size
Nand Flash烧写命令,将SDRAM的 addr地址处的size 字节的数据烧写到Nand的 off 偏移地址。
nand write[.yaffs[1]]

addr off size
烧写yaffs 映像专用的命令,.yaffs1
for 512+16 NAND
nand erase [clean] [off size]Nand Flash檫除命令,擦除Nand
Flash的 off 偏移地址处的size 字节的数据
nand bad显示Nand Flash的坏块
nand dump[.oob] off显示Nand Flash中的数据(16进制)
nand scrub彻底擦除整块Nand Flash中的数据,包括OOB。可以擦除软件坏块标志。
nand markbad off标示 Nand的 off 偏移地址处的块为坏块
使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
info


Device 0: NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit, sector size 128
KiB

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand device 0

Device 0: NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit... is
now current device

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand read 0x30008000
0x60000 200000

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x60000, size 0x200000

2097152 bytes read: OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
bad


Device 0 bad blocks:

030a0000

030c0000

030e0000

07ee0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
markbad 0x500000


block 0x00500000 successfully marked as bad

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
bad



Device 0 bad blocks:

00500000

030a0000

030c0000

030e0000

07ee0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
scrub


NAND scrub: device 0 whole chip

Warning: scrub option will erase all factory set bad

There is no reliable way to recover them.

Use this command only for testing purposes if you

are sure of what you are

Really scrub this NAND flash? <y/N>

Erasing at 0x2f4000008000000 -- 0% complete.

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit: MTD Erase failure: -5

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit: MTD Erase failure: -5

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit: MTD Erase failure: -5

Erasing at 0x7ea000008000000 -- 0% complete.

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit: MTD Erase failure: -5

Erasing at 0x7fe000008000000 -- 0% complete.

OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
bad



Device 0 bad blocks:

030a0000

030c0000

030e0000

07ee0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
dump 0x8000


Page 00008000 dump:

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

(略)

OOB:

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

[u-boot@MINI2440]# tftp
u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is
192.168.1.101

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: T ##################

done

Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand write 0x30008000
0 40000



NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000

Writing at 0x2000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 262144
bytes written: OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
dump 0x8000


Page 00008000 dump:

00 00 53 e1 01 00 00 2a 15 40 e0 e3 19 00 00 ea

(略)

60 30 97 e5 03 00 54 e1 f6 ff ff ba 00 40 a0 e3

OOB:

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

65 a9 6b f3 ff 33 fc 30

f3 33 cf 33 0f f0 ff 00

cc 0f 59 55 57 96 a5 5b

nboot 指令也是一条Nand Flash 读取指令,它是将Nand Flash 的 offset 偏移地址的内核映像读取到SDRAM的loadAddr位置。它会自动读取到内核映像(使用mkimage处理过的)的结束,所以不用给出读取大小。

格式:nboot loadAddr dev offset

使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# tftp
192.168.1.100:zImage.img

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is
192.168.1.101

Filename 'zImage.img'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: T #################################################################

#################################################################

##########################

done

Bytes transferred = 2277540 (22c0a4 hex)

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand
erase 0x100000 300000


NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x300000

Erasing at 0x3e000001800000 -- 0% complete.

OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand write 0x30008000
0x100000 300000


NAND write: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x300000

Writing at 0x3e000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 3145728
bytes written: OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nand device 0

Device 0: NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit... is
now current device

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nboot
30008000 0 0x100000



Loading from NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit, offset 0x100000

Image Name: tekkaman

Created: 2010-03-29 12:59:51
UTC

Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

Data Size: 2277476 Bytes = 2.2 MB

Load Address: 30008000

Entry Point: 30008040

[u-boot@MINI2440]# bootm
30008000

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name: tekkaman

Created: 2010-03-29 12:59:51
UTC

Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

Data Size: 2277476 Bytes = 2.2 MB

Load Address: 30008000

Entry Point: 30008040

Verifying Checksum ... OK

XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.33.1 (tekkaman@MAGI-Linux) (gcc
version 4.3.2(crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman) ) #5
Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010

CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache

Machine: MINI2440

(略)
四、U-boot的使用(三)

(6) 内存/寄存器操作指令

nm 修改内存值 (指定地址)

格式: nm [.b, .w, .l] address

mm 修改内存值(地址自动加一)

格式: mm [.b, .w, .l] address

md 显示内存值

格式: md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects]

mw 用指定的数据填充内存

格式: mw [.b, .w, .l] address value [count]

cp 内存的拷贝(包括内存与Nor Flash间的数据拷贝)

格式:cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count

上面是查看和修改内存值的指令,可以查看和修改SDRAM和寄存器值。

[.b, .w, .l]代表了查看和修改形式:bit、word、long

使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
0x30008000 20

30008000: cc 33 fe 33 cc b3 4c 33 ac 33 de 33 5c 13 cc 33 .3.3..L3.3.3\..3

30008010: cc 32 cc 31 dc 33 cf 33 cc 33 4e 33 8f 13 cc 33 .2.1.3.3.3N3...3

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.w
0x30008000 20

30008000: 33cc 33fe b3cc 334c 33ac 33de 135c 33cc .3.3..L3.3.3\..3

30008010: 32cc 31cc 33dc 33cf 33cc 334e 138f 33cc .2.1.3.3.3N3...3

30008020: 338c 33cd 33cc 7bcc 3bcc 33cc 135e 734c .3.3.3.{.;.3^.Ls

30008030: 7bdc 37cc 31dc 33c4 038c 33e8 77cc 13cc .{.7.1.3...3.w..

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.l
0x30008000 20


30008000: 33fe33cc 334cb3cc 33de33ac 33cc135c .3.3..L3.3.3\..3

30008010: 31cc32cc 33cf33dc 334e33cc 33cc138f .2.1.3.3.3N3...3

30008020: 33cd338c 7bcc33cc 33cc3bcc 734c135e .3.3.3.{.;.3^.Ls

30008030: 37cc7bdc 33c431dc 33e8038c 13cc77cc .{.7.1.3...3.w..

30008040: 234c77ce 33dc339c 33ec3ece f3cc36ec .wL#.3.3.>.3.6..

30008050: 37dc33cc 73cc3f5c 17dd314c 33cc62e8 .3.7\?.sL1...b.3

30008060: b6cc33dc 33c233cc 33cc32cc 33cc3f68 .3...3.3.2.3h?.3

30008070: 73cc31cc b3cc33cc 33cc37c9 33df13cc .1.s.3...7.3...3

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nm
0x30008000


30008000: 33fe33cc ? 12345678

30008000: 12345678 ? 34567890

30008000: 34567890 ? q

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nm.b
0x30008000

30008000: 90 ? 11

30008000: 11 ? 12

30008000: 12 ? q

[u-boot@MINI2440]# mm
0x30008000

30008000: 34567812 ? 54321123

30008004: 334cb3cc ? 12345678

30008008: 33de33ac ? 21234543

3000800c: 33cc135c ? q

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
0x30008000 20


30008000: 23 11 32 54 78 56 34 12 43 45 23 21 5c 13 cc 33 #.2TxV4.CE#!\..3

30008010: cc 32 cc 31 dc 33 cf 33 cc 33 4e 33 8f 13 cc 33 .2.1.3.3.3N3...3

[u-boot@MINI2440]# mw.b
0x30008000 aa 10


[u-boot@MINI2440]# mw.b
0x30008010 55 10


[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
0x30008000 20

30008000: aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa ................

30008010: 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

[u-boot@MINI2440]# cp.b
0x30008000 0x30008010 10


[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
0x30008000 20

30008000: aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa ................

30008010: aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa ................
你可以试着修改LED相连的GPIO寄存器的数据寄存器值,可以控制LED的点亮!

先熄灭后点亮LED1的范例:(这个实验要结合芯片数据手册和mini2440的原理图来理解)
[u-boot@MINI2440]# md
0x56000014 1

56000014: 00000600 ....

[u-boot@MINI2440]# nm.w
0x56000014


56000014: 0600 ? 620 (熄灭)

56000014: 0620 ? 600 (点亮)
(7) Nor Flash指令

Nor Flash 的命令经常用于烧写数据到Nor Flash 。

flinfo 打印Flash存储器的信息,并列出所有Sector。

flinfo N 单独打Flash存储器N Block的信息。(在有多块Nor Flash时使用)

使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo



Bank # 1: SST: 1x SST39VF1601 (2MB)

Size: 2 MB in 32 Sectors

Sector Start Addresses:

00000000 (RO) 00010000 (RO) 00020000 (RO) 00030000 (RO) 00040000

00050000 00060000 (RO) 00070000 (RO) 00080000
00090000

000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000

000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000

00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000

00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000

001E0000 001F0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo
1



Bank # 1: SST: 1x SST39VF1601 (2MB)

Size: 2 MB in 32 Sectors

Sector Start Addresses:

00000000 (RO) 00010000 (RO) 00020000 (RO) 00030000 (RO) 00040000

00050000 00060000 (RO) 00070000 (RO) 00080000
00090000

000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000

000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000

00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000

00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000

001E0000 001F0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo
2

Only FLASH Banks # 1 ... # 1
supported
后面带有(RO)的说明这个Sector已经写保护了。

因为Nor Flash的读取接口和SDRAM是一样的,所以Nor Flash的读取也是使用md命令。范例如下:

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
0x0 20

00000000: 12 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................

00000010: 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md
0x0 20

00000000: ea000012 e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014 ................

00000010: e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014 ................

00000020: 33f80260 33f802c0 33f80320 33f80380 `..3...3 ..3...3

00000030: 33f803e0 33f80440 33f804a0 deadbeef ...3@..3...3....

00000040: 33f80000 33f80000 33fbe8dc 3400374c ...3...3...3L7.4

00000050: e10f0000 e3c0001f e38000d3 e129f000 ..............).

00000060: e3a00453 e3a01000 e5801000 e3e01000 S...............

00000070: e59f0488 e5801000 e59f1484 e59f0484 ................

但由于Nor Flash的烧写时序和SDRAM的写入不同,烧写Nor Flash 不能使用mm等命令,只能使用cp命令从内存拷贝到Nor Flash,而且烧写之前必须解除保护并擦除!命令如下:

protect :对Flash 写保护的操作,可以使能和解除写保护。

格式:

protect on/off start end

protect on/off start +end

protect on/off N:SF[-SL]

protect on/off bank N

protect on/off all

第1 个参数on 代表使能写保护;off 代表解除写保护。

第2 、3 参数是指定Flash 写保护操作范围

start end是照起始地址和结束地址定义范围,start是擦除块的起始地址;end 是擦除末尾块的结束地址。

例如:擦除Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 20000 3ffff 。

start +end是照起始地址和操作字节数定义范围,这种方式最常用。start是擦除块的起始地址;end 是擦除的字节数。

例如:擦除Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 20000 +20000

N:SF[-SL]是按照组和扇区,N 表示Flash 的Block号,SF 表示擦除起始Sector号,SL 表示擦除结束Sector号。

例如:擦除Block1 的Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 1:2-3。

bank N是擦除整个Block,擦除Block号为N 的整个Flash。

all是擦除全部Flash。

注意:Nor Flash擦除的最小单位是Sector,也就是0x10000字节,如果你定义的大小不满1 Sector或超过Sector的边界,那么被定义到的Sector会被全部擦除。

erase :擦除Flash的命令

格式:

erase start end

erase start +end

erase N:SF[-SL]

erase bank N

erase all

参数是指定Flash 擦除操作范围,跟写保护的方式相同。

以下的范例将mini2440的Nor Flash的Sector 16写保护,再解除保护,擦除数据,最后将起始的20字节拷贝到Sector 16。

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo
1

Bank # 1: SST: 1x SST39VF1601 (2MB)

Size: 2 MB in 32 Sectors

Sector Start Addresses:

00000000 (RO) 00010000 (RO) 00020000 (RO) 00030000 (RO) 00040000

00050000 00060000 (RO) 00070000 (RO) 00080000
00090000

000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000

000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000

00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000

00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000

001E0000 001F0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# protect on 1:16-16

Protect Flash Sectors 16-16 in Bank # 1

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo 1

Bank # 1: SST: 1x SST39VF1601 (2MB)

Size: 2 MB in 32 Sectors

Sector Start Addresses:

00000000 (RO) 00010000 (RO) 00020000 (RO) 00030000 (RO) 00040000

00050000 00060000 (RO) 00070000 (RO) 00080000
00090000

000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000

000F0000 00100000 (RO) 00110000 00120000 00130000

00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000

00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000

001E0000 001F0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# protect off 0x100000 0x10ffff

Un-Protect Flash Sectors 16-16 in Bank # 1

[u-boot@MINI2440]# flinfo 1

Bank # 1: SST: 1x SST39VF1601 (2MB)

Size: 2 MB in 32 Sectors

Sector Start Addresses:

00000000 (RO) 00010000 (RO) 00020000 (RO) 00030000 (RO) 00040000

00050000 00060000 (RO) 00070000 (RO) 00080000
00090000

000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000

000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000

00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000

00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000

001E0000 001F0000

[u-boot@MINI2440]# erase 0x100000 +20

Erasing sector 16 ... ok.

Erased 1 sectors

[u-boot@MINI2440]# cp.b
0x0 0x100000 0x20

Copy to Flash... done

[u-boot@MINI2440]# md.b
100000 20

00100000: 12 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................

00100010: 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................
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