图形展示ACCENT原则及失败案例解析

数据可视化图形展示的目的是向用户有效传递数据中所表达的信息，因此图形展示绝不是美化数据报表的手段，而是从数据到信息的辅助转化手段。图形展示要向用户清晰的传达并使其理解数据所包含的信息，必须达到准确、易理解、直观、清晰等基本要求。

1、失败图形案例集

在浏览网络时，无意间发现几个拙劣图形，特记录下来引以为戒。以后将不断追加。

1）错乱的颜色分析

图中色带的颜色与数据标签完全不对应，不直观、不易理解，这样的图读起来不累死人才怪。姑且不论要多没关，起码颜色和显示对应起来，甚至纯粹表格可读性都比这样的可视化可读性好。





数据可视化-案例-失败的图形1

2）花哨的对比分析

界面上摆在一起同样是对比分析，非要鞋子用柱图、外套用饼图，以示花哨。这还不够，为了将花哨进行到底，对比分析的数据明明是07年、08年两个序列，不分别用两个颜色表示，非要五颜六色，只有看行轴的标签才知道是哪年的数据。另外，每个图中，07、08重复三次，可是无法从图中看出为什么，对应的是什么数据。





数据可视化-案例-失败的图形1

3）丑陋的仪表盘

好吓人的一片大红，上穿黑色bra，下穿红色小底裤。





数据可视化-案例-失败的图形3

2、附：图形展示六大原则（ACCENT）

The essence of a graph is the clear communication of quantitative information. The ACCENT principles emphasize, or accent, six aspects that determine the effectiveness of a visual display for portraying data.

1) Apprehension

Ability to corectly perceive relations among variables.

Does the graph maximize apprehension of the relations among variables?

2) Clarity

Ability to visually distinguish all the elements of a graph.

Are the most important elements or relations visually most prominent?

3) Consistency

Ability to interpret a graph based on similarity to previous graphs.

Are the elements, symbol shapes and colors consistent with their use in previous graphs?

4) Efficiency

Ability to portray a possibly complex relation in as simple a way as possible.

Are the elements of the graph economically used?

Is the graph easy to interpret?

5) Necessity

The need for the graph, and the graphical elements.

Is the graph a more useful way to represent the data than alternatives (table, text)?

Are all the graph elements necessary to convey the relations?

6) Truthfulness

Ability to determine the true value represented by any graphical element by its magnitude relative to the implicit or explicit scale.

Are the graph elements accurately positioned and scaled?

reference：D. A. Burn (1993), “Designing Effective Statistical Graphs”. In C. R. Rao, ed., Handbook of Statistics, vol. 9, Chapter 22.

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