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基于SVG的web页面图形绘制API介绍及编程演示

2013-06-28 00:00 731 查看
一:什么是SVG
SVG是1999由W3C发布的2D图形描述语言,纯基于XML格式的标记语言,SVG的
全称是可扩展的矢量图形跟传统的Raster方式的图形(JPG, PNG, GIF等)有很大的差
别。SVG是2D图形开发平台,包括两个部分,一个是基于XML语言的数据描述,另
外一部分是可编程的API,其关键特性支持图形,文本,梯度填充,画笔风格,图形
特效滤镜如高斯模糊,会在稍后的代码中演示。同时还支持各种鼠标事件与DOM部
分API。几乎所有的主流浏览器都支持SVG图形格式的现实与绘制,IE9+以上也开始
支持SVG,在低版本的IE中需要插件支持。
更多了解SVG访问这里:http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/About.html

二:JavaScript中SVG API编程演示
创建与获取SVG对象
// create svg object 
var mySvg = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","svg"); 
mySvg.setAttribute("version","1.2");// IE9+ support SVG 1.1 version 
mySvg.setAttribute("baseProfile","tiny"); 
container.appendChild(mySvg);

在SVG中创建一个矩形图形:
var c1 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","rect"); 
c1.setAttribute("x","20"); 
c1.setAttribute("y","20"); 
c1.setAttribute("width","150"); 
c1.setAttribute("height","150"); 
c1.setAttribute("fill","rgb(0,0,255)"); 
c1.setAttribute("stroke","rgb(0,0,0)"); 
c1.setAttribute("stroke-width","4"); 
mySvg.appendChild(c1);

在SVG中实现文本绘制:
// SVG draw text 
var stext = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","text"); 
stext.setAttribute("x","700"); 
stext.setAttribute("y","100"); 
stext.setAttribute("font-size","18px"); 
stext.setAttribute("fill","#FF0000"); 
var textString = document.createTextNode("Hello SVG"); 
stext.appendChild(textString); 
mySvg.appendChild(stext);

在SVG对象上实现鼠标点击事件处理与MouseUp事件处理:
// mouse event handling 
c1.addEventListener("click",changeColor,false); 
c2.addEventListener("mouseup", changeColor,false);

通过SVG 图形滤镜实现高斯模糊:
<div id="blur-image-demo"> 
<div id="left" style="width:20%;"><img src="woniu.png" alt="Original image" width="325" height="471"></div> 
<div id="right" style="width:80%;"> 
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> 
<defs> 
<filter id="f1" x="0" y="0"> 
<feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" /> 
</filter> 
</defs> 
<image x="0" y="0" width="325" height="471" xlink:href="woniu.png" filter="url(#f1)"/> 
</svg> 
</div> 
</div>

运行效果:



源代码,可以copy直接运行
JavaScript部分
window.onload = function() { 
// get DIV 
var container = document.getElementById("svgContainer"); 
// create svg object 
var mySvg = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "svg"); 
mySvg.setAttribute("version", "1.2");// IE9+ support SVG 1.1 version 
mySvg.setAttribute("baseProfile", "tiny"); 
container.appendChild(mySvg); 

// create svg shape - rectangle 
var c1 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); 
c1.setAttribute("x", "20"); 
c1.setAttribute("y", "20"); 
c1.setAttribute("width", "150"); 
c1.setAttribute("height", "150"); 
c1.setAttribute("fill", "rgb(0,0,255)"); 
c1.setAttribute("stroke", "rgb(0,0,0)"); 
c1.setAttribute("stroke-width", "4"); 
mySvg.appendChild(c1); 

// create svg shape - circle 
var c2 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "circle"); 
c2.setAttribute("cx", "250"); 
c2.setAttribute("cy", "100"); 
c2.setAttribute("r", "60"); 
c2.setAttribute("fill", "#996699"); 
c2.setAttribute("stroke", "#AA99FF"); 
c2.setAttribute("stroke-width", "7"); 
mySvg.appendChild(c2); 

// create svg shape - ellipse 
var c3 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "ellipse"); 
c3.setAttribute("cx", "450"); 
c3.setAttribute("cy", "100"); 
c3.setAttribute("rx", "100"); 
c3.setAttribute("ry", "50"); 
c3.setAttribute("fill", "#FF0000"); 
c3.setAttribute("stroke", "purple"); 
c3.setAttribute("stroke-width", "3"); 
mySvg.appendChild(c3); 

// create svg shape - draw lines 
for(var i=0; i<10; i++) 
{ 
var sline = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "line"); 
var x1 = 580 + i*10; 
console.log(x1); 

sline.setAttribute("x1", x1.toString()); 
sline.setAttribute("y1", "10"); 
sline.setAttribute("x2", x1.toString()); 
sline.setAttribute("y2", "180"); 
sline.setAttribute("stroke", "rgb(0,255,0)"); 
sline.setAttribute("stroke-width", "2"); 
mySvg.appendChild(sline); 
} 

// SVG draw text 
var stext = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "text"); 
stext.setAttribute("x", "700"); 
stext.setAttribute("y", "100"); 
stext.setAttribute("font-size", "18px"); 
stext.setAttribute("fill", "#FF0000"); 
var textString = document.createTextNode("Hello SVG"); 
stext.appendChild(textString); 
mySvg.appendChild(stext); 

// mouse event handling 
c1.addEventListener("click", changeColor, false); 
c2.addEventListener("mouseup", changeColor, false); 
}; 
function changeColor(evt) { 
var target = evt.target; 
target.setAttributeNS(null, "fill", "green"); 
}

HTML部分:
 
<html>
<head>
<title>Gloomyfish SVG Demo</title>
<style>
#svgContainer {
width:800px;
height:200px;
background-color:#EEEEEE;
}
#left { float: left;}
#right { float: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="svgContainer"></div><div id="blur-image-demo"> <div id="left" style="width:20%;"><img src="woniu.png" alt="Original image" width="325" height="471"></div> <div id="right" style="width:80%;"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> <defs> <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0"> <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" /> </filter> </defs> <image x="0" y="0" width="325" height="471" xlink:href="woniu.png" filter="url(#f1)"/> </svg> </div> </div></body>
</html>
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