用RMAN 备份异机恢复 迁移数据
2013-06-14 22:16
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先假设一种情况，假设有一个数据库，数据量是2T。 如果要对这个数据库进行迁移，在不考虑磁盘空间的前提下，要求在最短的时间内完成切换操作。
在不考虑磁盘空间前提下，备份时间，网络传输时间，恢复时间。 这个时间对于7*24*365的系统来说，肯定是没办法承受的。
如果在考虑下备份空间+迁移后的空间。 这个对磁盘的开销也是非常大。
在我的前一篇Blog里，提到了RMAN的异机恢复，这种方法可以缩短我们DB的迁移时间。 但是空间问题还没有解决。在这一篇，我们主要从迁移时间的角度来考虑这个问题。
RMAN
备份异机恢复并创建新DBID
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/03/11/6240983.aspx
在异机恢复中，我们最后对db 是用open resetlogs的方式打开的。
我们先看open resetlogs的影响:
（1）如果current online redo可以访问，那么对其进行归档操作。 然后清空所有online redo 的内容，并将日志的序列设置为1.
（2）如果online redo 不存在，就创建online redo。 这个位置是在控制文件里记录的。 我们在做RMAN 异机恢复的时候，验证过这点。
（3）开始一个新的incarnation，初始化redo thread和 online redo 在控制文件中的记录。
比如：将redo thread 的状态设置为closed，在redo thread的记录中设置当前的log sequence 为1. 设置每个redo thread 的checkpoint 到log sequence 1。
从每个thread 选择一个redo log，并设置其sequence 为1.
（4）在控制文件中更新当前所有的datafile 和online redo logs，及以后的归档文件用新的resetlog SCN 和 time stamp。
注意： open resetlogs 不会充值SCN.
一般用open resetlogs 打开数据库之后，建议立即对数据库进行一次备份。
下面是一个迁移的测试：
1. 在Target库rman
备份数据库，并将备份copy到Auxiliary库的相同位置
RMAN 的恢复对备份位置有讲究，对于nocatalog模式下，这些备份的位置是写在控制文件里的。所以目录结构要相同。
关于RMAN 的shell 备份脚本，参考：
Nocatalog 下的RMAN增量备份 shell脚本
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/01/26/6164931.aspx
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 backup]$ scp * 192.168.2.43:/u01/backup
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
arch_23m709vi_1_1_20110312 100% 6431KB 6.3MB/s 00:00
ctl_file_24m709vn_1_1_20110312 100% 9568KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
dave_lev0_1rm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 610MB 12.0MB/s 00:51
dave_lev0_1sm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 399MB 11.7MB/s 00:34
dave_lev0_1tm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 4728KB 4.6MB/s 00:00
dave_lev0_1vm709uk_1_1_20110312 100% 1344KB 1.3MB/s 00:01
dave_spfile_25m709vp_1_1_20110312 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
2. 在Auxiliary库创建相关的目录，口令文件，和初始化文件。
初始化文件可以直接从Target copy过来。如果目录结构相同的话，都不用修改参数。
3. 用初始化文件将数据库启动到noumout状态。
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initdave.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 196681728 bytes
Fixed Size 1335444 bytes
Variable Size 83890028 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2404352 bytes
4. 恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/ctl_file_2qm72jcf_1_1_20110312';
Starting restore at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
output file name=/u01/oradata/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control02.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 12-MAR-11
5. 将数据库启动到mout状态
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
6. restore 数据库
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 12-MAR-11
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_28m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_28m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_2am70ara_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_2am70ara_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_27m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_27m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_26m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_26m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 12-MAR-11
7. recover 数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=24
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_2cm70as8_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_2cm70as8_1_1_20110312 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_24_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=24
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=25
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_2dm70as8_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_2dm70as8_1_1_20110312 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_25_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=25
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=26
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/12/2011 00:58:04
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 26 and starting SCN of 1055401
8. 在主库进行一些事务操作
SQL> create table anhui as select * from all_tables;
Table created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
9. 关闭主库，迅速把主库的归档文件和online redo复制到Auxiliary库
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 archivelog]$ scp * 192.168.2.43:/u01/archivelog
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
1_26_745352047.dbf 100% 1509KB 1.5MB/s 00:00
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 dave]$ scp redo* 192.168.2.43:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
redo01.log 100% 50MB 16.7MB/s 00:03
redo02.log 100% 50MB 12.5MB/s 00:04
redo03.log 100% 50MB 12.5MB/s 00:04
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 dave]$
10. 再次recover database
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 26 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo02.log
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 27 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo03.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo02.log thread=1 sequence=26
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo03.log thread=1 sequence=27
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 12-MAR-11
11. 打开数据库
SQL>alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> select count(*) from dave;
COUNT(*)
----------
71157
12. 重建Temp表空间
在恢复的时候，会自动创建TEMP 表空间。但是和布豆聊到这个问题的时候，他说这个temp 文件好像没有起到作用。 尤其是数据量大的时候，所以他建议重建添加temp 数据文件。
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf ' size 8192M;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' offline;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' drop including datafiles;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf
Forwarded from http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6245209
在不考虑磁盘空间前提下，备份时间，网络传输时间，恢复时间。 这个时间对于7*24*365的系统来说，肯定是没办法承受的。
如果在考虑下备份空间+迁移后的空间。 这个对磁盘的开销也是非常大。
在我的前一篇Blog里，提到了RMAN的异机恢复，这种方法可以缩短我们DB的迁移时间。 但是空间问题还没有解决。在这一篇，我们主要从迁移时间的角度来考虑这个问题。
RMAN
备份异机恢复并创建新DBID
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/03/11/6240983.aspx
在异机恢复中，我们最后对db 是用open resetlogs的方式打开的。
我们先看open resetlogs的影响:
（1）如果current online redo可以访问，那么对其进行归档操作。 然后清空所有online redo 的内容，并将日志的序列设置为1.
（2）如果online redo 不存在，就创建online redo。 这个位置是在控制文件里记录的。 我们在做RMAN 异机恢复的时候，验证过这点。
（3）开始一个新的incarnation，初始化redo thread和 online redo 在控制文件中的记录。
比如：将redo thread 的状态设置为closed，在redo thread的记录中设置当前的log sequence 为1. 设置每个redo thread 的checkpoint 到log sequence 1。
从每个thread 选择一个redo log，并设置其sequence 为1.
（4）在控制文件中更新当前所有的datafile 和online redo logs，及以后的归档文件用新的resetlog SCN 和 time stamp。
注意： open resetlogs 不会充值SCN.
一般用open resetlogs 打开数据库之后，建议立即对数据库进行一次备份。
下面是一个迁移的测试：
1. 在Target库rman
备份数据库，并将备份copy到Auxiliary库的相同位置
RMAN 的恢复对备份位置有讲究，对于nocatalog模式下，这些备份的位置是写在控制文件里的。所以目录结构要相同。
关于RMAN 的shell 备份脚本，参考：
Nocatalog 下的RMAN增量备份 shell脚本
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/01/26/6164931.aspx
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 backup]$ scp * 192.168.2.43:/u01/backup
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
arch_23m709vi_1_1_20110312 100% 6431KB 6.3MB/s 00:00
ctl_file_24m709vn_1_1_20110312 100% 9568KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
dave_lev0_1rm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 610MB 12.0MB/s 00:51
dave_lev0_1sm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 399MB 11.7MB/s 00:34
dave_lev0_1tm709u9_1_1_20110312 100% 4728KB 4.6MB/s 00:00
dave_lev0_1vm709uk_1_1_20110312 100% 1344KB 1.3MB/s 00:01
dave_spfile_25m709vp_1_1_20110312 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
2. 在Auxiliary库创建相关的目录，口令文件，和初始化文件。
初始化文件可以直接从Target copy过来。如果目录结构相同的话，都不用修改参数。
3. 用初始化文件将数据库启动到noumout状态。
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initdave.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 196681728 bytes
Fixed Size 1335444 bytes
Variable Size 83890028 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2404352 bytes
4. 恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/ctl_file_2qm72jcf_1_1_20110312';
Starting restore at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
output file name=/u01/oradata/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control02.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 12-MAR-11
5. 将数据库启动到mout状态
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
6. restore 数据库
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 12-MAR-11
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_28m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_28m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_2am70ara_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_2am70ara_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_27m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_27m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_26m70ar0_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_26m70ar0_1_1_20110312 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 12-MAR-11
7. recover 数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=24
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_2cm70as8_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_2cm70as8_1_1_20110312 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_24_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=24
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=25
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_2dm70as8_1_1_20110312
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_2dm70as8_1_1_20110312 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_25_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=25
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=26
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/12/2011 00:58:04
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 26 and starting SCN of 1055401
8. 在主库进行一些事务操作
SQL> create table anhui as select * from all_tables;
Table created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
9. 关闭主库，迅速把主库的归档文件和online redo复制到Auxiliary库
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 archivelog]$ scp * 192.168.2.43:/u01/archivelog
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
1_26_745352047.dbf 100% 1509KB 1.5MB/s 00:00
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 dave]$ scp redo* 192.168.2.43:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/
oracle@192.168.2.43's password:
redo01.log 100% 50MB 16.7MB/s 00:03
redo02.log 100% 50MB 12.5MB/s 00:04
redo03.log 100% 50MB 12.5MB/s 00:04
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 dave]$
10. 再次recover database
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 12-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 26 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo02.log
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 27 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo03.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo02.log thread=1 sequence=26
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo03.log thread=1 sequence=27
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 12-MAR-11
11. 打开数据库
SQL>alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> select count(*) from dave;
COUNT(*)
----------
71157
12. 重建Temp表空间
在恢复的时候，会自动创建TEMP 表空间。但是和布豆聊到这个问题的时候，他说这个temp 文件好像没有起到作用。 尤其是数据量大的时候，所以他建议重建添加temp 数据文件。
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf ' size 8192M;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' offline;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' drop including datafiles;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp02.dbf
Forwarded from http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6245209
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