误删数据文件的处理（环境为linux）
2013-06-06 12:13
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[oracle@orahost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:14:38 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> desc dba_data_files
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
FILE_NAME VARCHAR2(513)
FILE_ID NUMBER
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(9)
RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER
AUTOEXTENSIBLE VARCHAR2(3)
MAXBYTES NUMBER
MAXBLOCKS NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NUMBER
USER_BYTES NUMBER
USER_BLOCKS NUMBER
ONLINE_STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> col file_name for a30
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.d USERS
bf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01. SYSAUX
dbf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01 UNDOTBS1
.dbf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01. SYSTEM
dbf
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SQL> col file_name for a60
SQL> l
1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
SQL> r
1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
USERS
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
SYSAUX
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
UNDOTBS1
FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
SYSTEM
SQL> !date
Mon Dec 3 15:19:07 CST 2012
SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep -v grep
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 init [3]
root 2 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 3 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 4 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root 5 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [events/0]
root 6 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [khelper]
root 7 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kthread]
root 10 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kblockd/0]
root 11 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kacpid]
root 48 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [cqueue/0]
root 51 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [khubd]
root 53 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kseriod]
root 116 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
root 118 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd0]
root 119 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [aio/0]
root 268 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
root 292 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ata/0]
root 293 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ata_aux]
root 296 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 301 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kstriped]
root 310 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ksnapd]
root 321 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kjournald]
root 347 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kauditd]
root 384 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 1172 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kmpathd/0]
root 1173 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kmpath_handlerd]
root 1196 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kjournald]
root 1430 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [iscsi_eh]
root 1475 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_addr]
root 1482 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_mcast]
root 1483 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_inform]
root 1484 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [local_sa]
root 1486 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [iw_cm_wq]
root 1488 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_cm/0]
root 1490 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [rdma_cm]
root 1502 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 brcm_iscsiuio
root 1509 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 iscsid
root 1510 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 iscsid
root 1770 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 auditd
root 1772 1770 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/audispd
root 1805 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 syslogd -m 0
root 1808 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 klogd -x
rpc 1855 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 portmap
root 1886 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root 1892 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 rpc.statd
root 1926 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
dbus 1951 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon --system
root 1976 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/hcid
root 1982 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sdpd
root 1999 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [krfcommd]
root 2046 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 pcscd
root 2061 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
68 2079 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald
root 2080 2079 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-runner
68 2088 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
68 2092 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-keyboard: listening on /dev/input/event0
root 2102 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hdc
root 2123 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/hidd --server
root 2152 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 automount
root 2174 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 ./hpiod
root 2179 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 python ./hpssd.py
root 2197 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 2211 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 cupsd
root 2230 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
root 2244 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 gpm -m /dev/input/mice -t exps2
root 2258 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 crond
xfs 2296 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 xfs -droppriv -daemon
root 2310 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 anacron -s
root 2323 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/atd
avahi 2404 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [orahost.local]
avahi 2405 2404 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
root 2436 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smartd -q never
root 2440 1 0 14:56 tty1 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty1
root 2441 1 0 14:56 tty2 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty2
root 2442 1 0 14:56 tty3 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty3
root 2443 1 0 14:56 tty4 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty4
root 2444 1 0 14:56 tty5 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty5
root 2445 1 0 14:56 tty6 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty6
root 2446 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /bin/su -l oracle -c sh -c 'cd /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/orahost/cssd; ulimit -c unlimited; exec /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd '
root 2582 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python -tt /usr/sbin/yum-updatesd
root 2584 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gam_server
oracle 2620 2446 0 14:57 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd.bin
root 2675 2197 0 14:59 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 2677 2675 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2709 2677 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 2710 2709 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2998 7 0 15:11 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
oracle 3024 2710 0 15:14 pts/0 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 3027 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 3029 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 3031 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 3033 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 3035 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 3037 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 3039 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 3041 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 3043 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 3045 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 3047 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 3049 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 3051 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 3053 3024 0 15:14 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 3055 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc0_orcl
oracle 3057 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc1_orcl
oracle 3059 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc2_orcl
oracle 3061 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 3071 1 0 15:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 3073 1 0 15:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle 3086 1 0 15:19 ? 00:00:00 ora_j000_orcl
oracle 3088 3024 0 15:19 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
oracle 3118 3088 0 15:19 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle 3033 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /porc/3033/fd
ls: /porc/3033/fd: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll/proc/3033/fd/
bash: ll/proc/3033/fd/: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3033/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3025.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 19 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 2 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 20 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 21 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 22 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 23 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 24 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3025.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
[oracle@orahost ~]$ pwd
/oracle
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cp /proc/3033/fd/22 /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cd /oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ ls -ltr
total 943384
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 20979712 Nov 19 11:28 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:14 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:14 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 5251072 Dec 3 15:25 users01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Dec 3 15:25 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 503324672 Dec 3 15:25 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 251666432 Dec 3 15:25 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:25 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control01.ctl
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ exit
exit
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine drop;
alter database datafile 4 offine drop
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> recover datafile 4;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> desc dba_data_files
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
FILE_NAME VARCHAR2(513)
FILE_ID NUMBER
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(9)
RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER
AUTOEXTENSIBLE VARCHAR2(3)
MAXBYTES NUMBER
MAXBLOCKS NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NUMBER
USER_BYTES NUMBER
USER_BLOCKS NUMBER
ONLINE_STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> col file_name for a46
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME ONLINE_
---------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM
当数据库没有关闭，可以通过此方法将数据文件cp回来。但是要是将数据库关闭的话。
首先用rman全库备下。
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:35:42 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369)
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=197 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T153550_8cronjny_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> quit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle 3357 1 0 15:47 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
*****************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3357/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3349.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 2 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_dbw0_3357.trc
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3349.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
*******8可以看到里面没有删除的/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 这个文件
***************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:49:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:50:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 4;
Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=210 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> recover datafile 4;
Starting recover at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> sql 'alter database open;' ;
sql statement: alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 12/03/2012 15:50:49
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database open;
ORA-00911: invalid character
RMAN> sql 'alter database open ';
sql statement: alter database open
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> col file_name for a50
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME ONLINE_
-------------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM
以上，是对数据文件误删除后的处理，当然前提是数据库没有关闭，通过可以分析出/proc目录的意义，通过google，找到了关于这方面的一点资料如下：
/proc 文件系统可以用于获取运行中的进程的信息。在 /proc 中有一些编号的子目录。每个编号的目录对应一个进程 id (PID)。这样，每一个运行中的进程 /proc 中都有一个用它的 PID 命名的目录。这些子目录中包含可以提供有关进程的状态和环境的重要细节信息的文件。
可见，此次操作，主要是依赖与linux的操作系统的特性，不是oracle的特性，仅仅是相当于将该数据文件备份后，删除掉，然啊后再用备份的数据文件代替原文件，所以AIX等系统，要是没有这个特性，是不适用的。需要进一步的验证。
感谢网络上的提供试验和知识的资料！
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:14:38 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> desc dba_data_files
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
FILE_NAME VARCHAR2(513)
FILE_ID NUMBER
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(9)
RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER
AUTOEXTENSIBLE VARCHAR2(3)
MAXBYTES NUMBER
MAXBLOCKS NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NUMBER
USER_BYTES NUMBER
USER_BLOCKS NUMBER
ONLINE_STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> col file_name for a30
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.d USERS
bf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01. SYSAUX
dbf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01 UNDOTBS1
.dbf
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01. SYSTEM
dbf
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SQL> col file_name for a60
SQL> l
1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
SQL> r
1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
USERS
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
SYSAUX
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
UNDOTBS1
FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
SYSTEM
SQL> !date
Mon Dec 3 15:19:07 CST 2012
SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep -v grep
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 init [3]
root 2 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 3 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 4 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root 5 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [events/0]
root 6 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [khelper]
root 7 1 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kthread]
root 10 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kblockd/0]
root 11 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kacpid]
root 48 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [cqueue/0]
root 51 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [khubd]
root 53 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kseriod]
root 116 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
root 118 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd0]
root 119 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [aio/0]
root 268 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
root 292 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ata/0]
root 293 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ata_aux]
root 296 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 301 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [kstriped]
root 310 7 0 14:54 ? 00:00:00 [ksnapd]
root 321 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kjournald]
root 347 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kauditd]
root 384 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 1172 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kmpathd/0]
root 1173 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kmpath_handlerd]
root 1196 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [kjournald]
root 1430 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [iscsi_eh]
root 1475 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_addr]
root 1482 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_mcast]
root 1483 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_inform]
root 1484 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [local_sa]
root 1486 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [iw_cm_wq]
root 1488 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [ib_cm/0]
root 1490 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [rdma_cm]
root 1502 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 brcm_iscsiuio
root 1509 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 iscsid
root 1510 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 iscsid
root 1770 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 auditd
root 1772 1770 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/audispd
root 1805 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 syslogd -m 0
root 1808 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 klogd -x
rpc 1855 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 portmap
root 1886 7 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root 1892 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 rpc.statd
root 1926 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
dbus 1951 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon --system
root 1976 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/hcid
root 1982 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sdpd
root 1999 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 [krfcommd]
root 2046 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 pcscd
root 2061 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
68 2079 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald
root 2080 2079 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-runner
68 2088 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
68 2092 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-keyboard: listening on /dev/input/event0
root 2102 2080 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hdc
root 2123 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/hidd --server
root 2152 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 automount
root 2174 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 ./hpiod
root 2179 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 python ./hpssd.py
root 2197 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 2211 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 cupsd
root 2230 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
root 2244 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 gpm -m /dev/input/mice -t exps2
root 2258 1 0 14:55 ? 00:00:00 crond
xfs 2296 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 xfs -droppriv -daemon
root 2310 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 anacron -s
root 2323 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/atd
avahi 2404 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [orahost.local]
avahi 2405 2404 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
root 2436 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smartd -q never
root 2440 1 0 14:56 tty1 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty1
root 2441 1 0 14:56 tty2 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty2
root 2442 1 0 14:56 tty3 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty3
root 2443 1 0 14:56 tty4 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty4
root 2444 1 0 14:56 tty5 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty5
root 2445 1 0 14:56 tty6 00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty6
root 2446 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /bin/su -l oracle -c sh -c 'cd /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/orahost/cssd; ulimit -c unlimited; exec /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd '
root 2582 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python -tt /usr/sbin/yum-updatesd
root 2584 1 0 14:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gam_server
oracle 2620 2446 0 14:57 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd.bin
root 2675 2197 0 14:59 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 2677 2675 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2709 2677 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 2710 2709 0 14:59 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2998 7 0 15:11 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
oracle 3024 2710 0 15:14 pts/0 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 3027 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 3029 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 3031 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 3033 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 3035 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 3037 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 3039 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 3041 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 3043 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 3045 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 3047 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 3049 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 3051 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 3053 3024 0 15:14 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 3055 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc0_orcl
oracle 3057 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc1_orcl
oracle 3059 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc2_orcl
oracle 3061 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 3071 1 0 15:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 3073 1 0 15:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle 3086 1 0 15:19 ? 00:00:00 ora_j000_orcl
oracle 3088 3024 0 15:19 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
oracle 3118 3088 0 15:19 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle 3033 1 0 15:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /porc/3033/fd
ls: /porc/3033/fd: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll/proc/3033/fd/
bash: ll/proc/3033/fd/: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3033/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3025.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 19 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 2 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 20 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 21 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 22 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 23 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 24 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3025.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:21 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
[oracle@orahost ~]$ pwd
/oracle
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cp /proc/3033/fd/22 /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cd /oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ ls -ltr
total 943384
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 20979712 Nov 19 11:28 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:14 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:14 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 5251072 Dec 3 15:25 users01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Dec 3 15:25 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 503324672 Dec 3 15:25 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 251666432 Dec 3 15:25 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Dec 3 15:25 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 7061504 Dec 3 15:25 control01.ctl
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ exit
exit
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine drop;
alter database datafile 4 offine drop
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> recover datafile 4;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> desc dba_data_files
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
FILE_NAME VARCHAR2(513)
FILE_ID NUMBER
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(9)
RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER
AUTOEXTENSIBLE VARCHAR2(3)
MAXBYTES NUMBER
MAXBLOCKS NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NUMBER
USER_BYTES NUMBER
USER_BLOCKS NUMBER
ONLINE_STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> col file_name for a46
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME ONLINE_
---------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM
当数据库没有关闭，可以通过此方法将数据文件cp回来。但是要是将数据库关闭的话。
首先用rman全库备下。
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:35:42 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369)
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=197 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T153550_8cronjny_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> quit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 83887696 bytes
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle 3357 1 0 15:47 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
*****************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3357/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3349.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 2 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_dbw0_3357.trc
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3349.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec 3 15:48 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
*******8可以看到里面没有删除的/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 这个文件
***************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:49:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected
SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:50:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 4;
Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=210 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> recover datafile 4;
Starting recover at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> sql 'alter database open;' ;
sql statement: alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 12/03/2012 15:50:49
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database open;
ORA-00911: invalid character
RMAN> sql 'alter database open ';
sql statement: alter database open
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> col file_name for a50
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME ONLINE_
-------------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM
以上，是对数据文件误删除后的处理，当然前提是数据库没有关闭，通过可以分析出/proc目录的意义，通过google，找到了关于这方面的一点资料如下：
/proc 文件系统可以用于获取运行中的进程的信息。在 /proc 中有一些编号的子目录。每个编号的目录对应一个进程 id (PID)。这样，每一个运行中的进程 /proc 中都有一个用它的 PID 命名的目录。这些子目录中包含可以提供有关进程的状态和环境的重要细节信息的文件。
可见，此次操作，主要是依赖与linux的操作系统的特性，不是oracle的特性，仅仅是相当于将该数据文件备份后，删除掉，然啊后再用备份的数据文件代替原文件，所以AIX等系统，要是没有这个特性，是不适用的。需要进一步的验证。
感谢网络上的提供试验和知识的资料！
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