BCB使用Variant和Automation对象操作Word

BCB使用Variant和Automation对象操作Word

最近，我需要在基于BCB开发的程序上增加导出Word报表功能，由于之前使用Variant和Automation对象操作过Excel,于是放弃了使用Office2k的TWordApplication控件的方式，直接使用Variant就开始了。期间，我在网上搜索资料，发现会的人还真是少，当然了，除了“OLE专业户”妖哥了，在此表示感谢。通过这几天的努力，我还真收获了不少，特别是如何将VBA语言转换为BCB语言。想起这几天网上搜资料的辛苦，于是我决定把心得写下来，希望能帮到自己和其他有需要的人。

--By OYYJ

一、 基础概念

Word对象代表一个Word 的元素,如文档（Documents）、段落(Paragraphs)、表格(Tables)书签或单个的字符。

集合是用来存储Word中的一组对象。每一个集合将有两个使它有用的关键资源：Count属性和Item方法。Count属性说明在集合中有多少对象。Item方法则用于取得对一个请求项的引用，或者通过数字或者通过名字（如果该对象有一个的话）。例如,一个集合对象中可包含文档中的所有书签对象。通过使用属性和方法,可以修改单个的对象,也可修改整个的对象集合。属性是对象的一个特性或者该对象操作的一个方面。例如文档属性包含名称、内容、保存状态,以及是否启用修订。要更改一个对象的属性,可以修改属性的值。方法是对象可以进行的动作。

Variant使得使用Automation非常简单，在得到和操作Automation对象时最有用的方法是：

CreateObject()

GetActiveObject()

OleFunction()

OleProcedure()

OlePropertyGet()

OlePropertySet()

OleFunction()、OleProcedure()、OlePropertyGet()、OlePropertySet()本质上是对Exec()方法的包装器。Exec()由BCB使用以便执行一个进程或函数或者以取出或设置一个属性值。要做到这个，它依赖于如下四个类来访问想要的Automation功能：

Function()

Procedure()

PropertyGet()

PropertySet()

两种不同的使用方法见如下代码：

创建一个新的应用程序，放置一个Button在窗体上，命名它为Button_LaunchWord,标题为Launch Word。加入如下代码到该Button的OnClick事件中。

void __fastcall TForm_Automation::Button_LaunchWordClick(TObject *Sender)

{

Variant word_app;

Variant word_docs;

Variant word_select;

word_app = Variant::CreateObject("word.application");

word_docs = word_app.OlePropertyGet("Documents");

word_docs.OleProcedure("Add");

word_app.OlePropertySet("Visible", (Variant)true);

}

使用Exec()建立相同的代码如下：

void __fastcall TForm_Automation::Button_WordExecClick(TObject *Sender)

{

Variant word_app;

Variant word_docs;

Function Documents("Documents");//--Define the Documents funciton

Function AddDocument("Add");//--Define the add documents function

PropertySet Visibility("Visible");//--Define the visibility property

word_app = Variant::CreateObject("word.application");

word_docs = word_app.Exec(Documents);

word_docs.Exec(AddDocument);

Visibility << true;

word_app.Exec(Visibility);

}

二、 VBA转BCB对比

1、 在Word中插入表格的VBA如下：

ActiveDocument.Tables.Add Range:=Selection.Range, NumRows:=15, NumColumns:=4, DefaultTableBehavior:=wdWord9TableBehavior,AutoFitBehavior:=wdAutoFitFixed

翻译成BCB如下：

word_select = word_app.OlePropertyGet("Selection");

word_app.OlePropertyGet("ActiveDocument").OlePropertyGet("Tables").

OleProcedure("Add", word_select.OlePropertyGet("Range"), nRowCount, nColCount, 1, 0);

其中VBA的Selection为BCB中Word应用的选中word_app.OlePropertyGet("Selection")。

2、 选中Word中的表1，使表格文字均居中显示的VBA如下：

Selection.Tables(1).Select

Selection.SelectCell

Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = wdAlignParagraphCenter

Selection.Cells.VerticalAlignment = wdCellAlignVerticalCenter

翻译成BCB如下：

word_table = word_app.OlePropertyGet("ActiveDocument").OlePropertyGet("Tables").

OleFunction("Item", 1);//Tables(1)

word_table.OleFunction("Select");//Tables(1).Select

word_select.OleFunction("SelectCell");//Selection.SelectCell

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").

OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphCenter);

//Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = wdAlignParagraphCenter

//使用wdAlignParagraphCenter 需要#include "Word_2K_SRVR.h"

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Cells").

OlePropertySet("VerticalAlignment", wdCellAlignVerticalCenter);

//Selection.Cells.VerticalAlignment = wdCellAlignVerticalCenter

至此，你是否找到了一些规律了呢？更多的就需要自己去尝试了。

三、 例程

在如上创建的工程中，操作Word插入两个表格，一个为15X4的，一个为8X4的，均带

表头。

void __fastcall TForm_Automation::Button_LaunchWordClick(TObject *Sender)

{

Variant word_app;

Variant word_docs;

Variant word_activedoc;

Variant word_select;

Variant word_table;

Variant word_paras;

Variant word_para;

Variant start_cell;

Variant end_cell;

Variant my_cell;



int nRowCount;

int nColCount;

AnsiString filename;

try

{

try

{

word_app = Variant::CreateObject("Word.Application");

}

catch (...)

{

ShowMessage("运行Word出错,请确认安装了Office！");

word_app = Unassigned;

return;

}

if (!DirectoryExists(ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "\\WordFile"))//文件夹WordFile不存在

{ //创建文件夹WordFile

if (!CreateDir(ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "\\WordFile"))

throw Exception("无法创建文件夹WordFile");

else

{

SaveDialog_Word->InitialDir = (ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "WordFile").c_str();

SaveDialog_Word->FileName = (ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "WordFile\\BCTS-1报表.doc").c_str();

}

}

//文件夹WordFile存在

else

{

SaveDialog_Word->InitialDir = (ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "WordFile").c_str();

SaveDialog_Word->FileName = (ExtractFilePath(Application->ExeName) + "WordFile\\BCTS-1报表.doc").c_str();

}

if (SaveDialog_Word->Execute())

{

filename = SaveDialog_Word->FileName;

Form_Automation->Enabled = false;

}

else

{

Form_Automation->Enabled = true;

return;

}

try

{

word_app.OlePropertySet("Visible", (Variant)false);

//新建一个文档并保存

word_docs = word_app.OlePropertyGet("Documents");

word_docs.OleProcedure("Add");

word_activedoc = word_app.OlePropertyGet("ActiveDocument");

word_activedoc.OleFunction("SaveAs", filename.c_str());

//

word_select = word_app.OlePropertyGet("Selection");

//添加标题

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Font").OlePropertySet("Size", 20);

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Font").OlePropertySet("Name", "黑体");

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").

OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphCenter);

word_select.OleProcedure("TypeText", "BCTS-1报表\n");

//添加段落

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Font").OlePropertySet("Size", 10);

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Font").OlePropertySet("Name", "宋体");

Procedure AddText("TypeText");

word_select.Exec(AddText << WideString("\n"));

//插入表格1--分、合闸时间测量

nRowCount = 15;

nColCount = 4;

word_activedoc.OlePropertyGet("Tables").OleProcedure("Add", word_select.OlePropertyGet("Range"), nRowCount, nColCount, 1, 0);

//使表格1中文字居中

word_table = word_activedoc.OlePropertyGet("Tables").OleFunction("Item", 1);//Tables(1)

word_table.OleFunction("Select");//Tables(1).Select

word_select.OleFunction("SelectCell");//Selection.SelectCell

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").

OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphCenter);

//Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = wdAlignParagraphCenter

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Cells").

OlePropertySet("VerticalAlignment", wdCellAlignVerticalCenter);

//Selection.Cells.VerticalAlignment = wdCellAlignVerticalCenter

//合并单元格 做表头

//(1, 1)-(1, 4)合并为(1, 1)

start_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)1, (Variant)1);

end_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)1, (Variant)4);

start_cell.OleProcedure("Merge", end_cell);

start_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "一、分、合闸时间测量");

start_cell.OleFunction("Select");

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphLeft);

//(2, 1)-(2, 2)合并为(2, 1)

start_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)1);

end_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)2);

start_cell.OleProcedure("Merge", end_cell);

start_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "合闸时间");

//注意前面已经合并的(2, 1)-(2, 2)变成了新的(2, 1)

start_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)2);

end_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)3);

start_cell.OleProcedure("Merge", end_cell);

start_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "分闸时间");

//

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)3, (Variant)1);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "标准值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)3, (Variant)2);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "指示值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)3, (Variant)3);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "标准值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)3, (Variant)4);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "指示值(ms)");

/*//往表格中填入数据

for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)

{

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)(4+i), (Variant)1);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", StringGrid1->Cells[1][i+1].c_str());

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)(4+i), (Variant)3);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", StringGrid1->Cells[4][i+1].c_str());

}

*/

//添加段落

word_paras = word_activedoc.OlePropertyGet("Paragraphs");

word_paras.OleFunction("Add");

word_paras.OleFunction("Add");

word_para = word_paras.OleFunction("Item", 74);

//插入表格2--弹跳时间测量

nRowCount = 8;

nColCount = 4;

word_activedoc.OlePropertyGet("Tables").OleProcedure("Add", word_para.OlePropertyGet("Range"), nRowCount, nColCount, 1, 0);

//操作表格

word_table = word_activedoc.OleFunction("Range").OlePropertyGet("Tables").OleFunction("Item", 2);

word_table.OleFunction("Select");

word_select.OleFunction("SelectCell");

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphCenter);

word_select.OlePropertyGet("Cells").OlePropertySet("VerticalAlignment", wdCellAlignVerticalCenter);

//合并单元格

//(1, 1)-(1, 4)

start_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)1, (Variant)1);

end_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)1, (Variant)4);

start_cell.OleProcedure("Merge", end_cell);

start_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "二、弹跳时间测量");

start_cell.OleFunction("Select");

word_select.OlePropertyGet("ParagraphFormat").OlePropertySet("Alignment", wdAlignParagraphLeft);

//

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)1);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "标准值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)2);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "指示值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)3);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "标准值(ms)");

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)2, (Variant)4);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", "指示值(ms)");

/*

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)

{

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)(3+i), (Variant)1);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", StringGrid1->Cells[3][i+1].c_str());

my_cell = word_table.OleFunction("Cell", (Variant)(3+i), (Variant)3);

my_cell.OlePropertySet("Range", StringGrid1->Cells[3][i+1+6].c_str());

}

*/

//将光标移到文档结尾

word_select.OleProcedure("EndKey", 6);

}

__finally

{

word_activedoc.OleProcedure("Save");

word_activedoc = Unassigned;

}

}

__finally

{

word_app.OleProcedure("Quit");

word_app = Unassigned;

}

ShowMessage("导出报表完毕！");

Form_Automation->Enabled = true;

}