Google 高级搜索技巧

Search
Operators

The following table lists the search operators that work with each Google search service. Click on an operator to jump to its description — or, to read about all of the operators, simply scroll down and read all
of this page.

Search Service	Search Operators
Web Search	allinanchor: ,  allintext: ,  allintitle: ,  allinurl: ,  cache: ,  define: ,  filetype: ,  id: ,  inanchor: ,  info: ,  intext: ,  intitle: , inurl: ,  link: ,  related: ,  site:
Image Search	allintitle: ,  allinurl: ,  filetype: ,  inurl: ,  intitle: ,  site:
Groups	allintext: ,  allintitle: ,  author: ,  group: ,  insubject: ,  intext: ,  intitle:
Directory	allintext: ,  allintitle: ,  allinurl: ,  ext: ,  filetype: ,  intext: ,  intitle: ,  inurl:
News	allintext: ,  allintitle: ,  allinurl: ,  intext: ,  intitle: ,  inurl: ,  location: ,  source:
Product Search	allintext: ,  allintitle:

The following is an alphabetical list of the search operators. This list includes operators that are not officially supported by Google and not listed in Google’s
online help.

Note: Google may change how undocumented operators work or may eliminate them completely.

Each entry typically includes the syntax, the capabilities, and an example. Some of the search operators won’t work as intended if you put a space between the colon (

:

)
and the subsequent query word. If you don’t care to check which search operators require no space after the colon, always place the keyword immediately next to the colon. Many search operators can appear anywhere in your query. In our examples, we place the
search operator as far to the right as possible. We do this because the Advanced Search form writes queries in this way. Also, such a convention makes it clearer as to which operators are associated with which terms.

allinanchor:

If you start your query with 

allinanchor:

, Google restricts results to pages containing all query terms you specify in the anchor
text on links to the page. For example, [ allinanchor:
best museums sydney ] will return only pages in which the anchor text on links to the pages contain the words “best,” “museums,” and “sydney.”
Anchor
text is the text on a page that is linked to another web page or a different place on the current page. When you click on anchor text, you will be taken to the page or place on the page to which it is linked. When using

allinanchor:

 in
your query, do not include any other search operators. The functionality of 

allinanchor:

 is also available through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.

allintext:

If you start your query with 

allintext:

, Google restricts results to those containing all the query terms you specify in the text of the page. For example,
[ allintext: travel
packing list ] will return only pages in which the words “travel,” “packing,” and “list” appear in the text of the page. This functionality can also be obtained through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.

allintitle:

If you start your query with 

allintitle:

, Google restricts results to those containing all the query terms you specify in the title.
For example, [ allintitle:
detect plagiarism ] will return only documents that contain the words “detect” and “plagiarism” in the title. This functionality can also be obtained through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.
The title of
a webpage is usually displayed at the top of the browser window and in the first
line of Google’s search results for a page. The author of a website specifies the title of a page with the HTML TITLE element. There’s only one title in a webpage. When using 

allintitle:

 in your
query, do not include any other search operators. The functionality of allintitle: is also available through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.
In Image Search, the operator 

allintitle:

 will return images in files whose names contain the terms that you specify.
In Google News, the operator 

allintitle:

 will return articles whose titles include the terms you specify.

allinurl:

If you start your query with 

allinurl:

, Google restricts results to those containing all the query terms you specify in the URL.
For example, [ allinurl: google
faq ] will return only documents that contain the words “google” and “faq” in the URL, such as “www.google.com/help/faq.html”. This functionality
can also be obtained through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.
In URLs, words are often run together. They need not be run together when you’re using allinurl:.
In Google News, the operator 

allinurl:

 will return articles whose titles include the terms you specify.
The Uniform
Resource Locator, more commonly known as URL, is the address that specifies the location of a file on the Internet. When using 

allinurl:

 in
your query, do not include any other search operators. The functionality of

allinurl:

 is also available through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.

author:

If you include 

author:

 in your query, Google will restrict your Google
Groups results to include newsgroup articles by the author you specify. The author can be a full or partial name or email address. For example, [ children
author:john author:doe ] or [ children
author:doe@someaddress.com ] return articles that contain the word “children” written by John Doe or doe@someaddress.com.
Google will search for exactly what you specify. If your query contains [ author:”John
Doe” ] (with quotes),
Google won’t find articles where the author is specified as “Doe, John.”

cache:

The query 

cache:url

 will display Google’s cached version of a web page, instead
of the current version of the page. For example, [ cache:www.eff.org ]
will show Google’s cached version of the Electronic Frontier Foundation home page.

Note: Do not put a space between 

cache:

 and the URL (web address).

On the cached version of a page, Google will highlight terms in your query that appear after the 

cache:

 search operator. For example, [ cache:www.pandemonia.com/flying/
fly diary ] will show Google’s cached version of Flight Diary in which Hamish Reid’s documents what’s involved in learning how to fly with the terms “fly” and “diary” highlighted.

define:

If you start your query with 

define:

, Google shows definitions from pages on the web for the term that follows. This advanced search operator is useful
for finding definitions of words, phrases, and acronyms. For example, [ define: blog ]
will show definitions for “Blog” (weB LOG).

ext:

This is an undocumented alias for 

filetype:

.

filetype:

If you include 

filetype:suffix

 in your query, Google will restrict the results
to pages whose names end in suffix. For example, [ web
page evaluation checklist filetype:pdf ] will return Adobe Acrobat pdf files that match the terms “web,” “page,” “evaluation,” and “checklist.” You can restrict the results to pages whose names end with pdf and doc by using the 

OR

 operator,
e.g. [  email
security filetype:pdf OR filetype:doc ].
When
you don’t specify a File Format in the Advanced Search Form or the 

filetype:

 operator, Google searches a variety of file formats; see the table in File
Type Conversion.

group:

If you include 

group:

 in your query, Google will restrict your Google
Groups results to newsgroup articles from certain groups or subareas. For example, [ sleep
group:misc.kids.moderated ] will return articles in the group misc.kids.moderated that contain the word “sleep” and [ sleep
group:misc.kids ] will return articles in the subarea misc.kids that contain the word “sleep.”

id:

This is an undocumented alias for 

info:

.

inanchor:

If you include 

inanchor:

 in your query, Google will restrict the results to pages containing the query terms you specify in the anchor
text or links to the page. For example, [ restaurants
inanchor:gourmet ] will return pages in which the anchor text on links to the pages contain the word “gourmet” and the page contains the word “restaurants.”

info:

The query 

info:URL

 will
present some information about the corresponding web page. For instance, [ info:gothotel.com ]
will show information about the national hotel directory GotHotel.com home page.

Note: There must be no space between the 

info:

 and the web page URL.

This functionality can also be obtained by typing the web page URL directly into a Google search box.

insubject:

If you include 

insubject:

 in your query, Google will restrict articles in Google
Groups to those that contain the terms you specify in the subject. For example, [ insubject:”falling
asleep” ] will return Google Group articles that contain the phrase “falling asleep” in the subject.
Equivalent to 

intitle:

.

intext:

The query 

intext:term

 restricts results to documents containing term in
the text. For instance, [ Hamish
Reid intext:pandemonia ] will return documents that mention the word “pandemonia” in the text, and mention the names “Hamish” and “Reid” anywhere in the document (text or not).

Note: There must be no space between the 

intext:

 and the following word.

Putting 

intext:

 in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting 

allintext:

 at the
front of your query, e.g., [ intext:handsome
intext:poets ] is the same as [ allintext:
handsome poets ].

intitle:

The query 

intitle:term

 restricts results to documents containing term in
the title. For instance, [ flu
shot intitle:help ] will return documents that mention the word “help” in their titles, and mention the words “flu” and “shot” anywhere in the document (title or not).

Note: There must be no space between the 

intitle:

 and the following word.

Putting 

intitle:

 in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting 

allintitle:

 at the
front of your query, e.g., [ intitle:google
intitle:search ] is the same as [ allintitle:
google search ].

inurl:

If you include 

inurl:

 in your query, Google will restrict the results to documents containing that word in the URL.
For instance, [ inurl:print site:www.googleguide.com ]
searches for pages on Google Guide in which the URL contains the word “print.” It finds pdf files that are in the directory or folder named “print” on the Google Guide website. The query [ inurl:healthy
eating ] will return documents that mention the words “healthy” in their URL, and mention the word “eating” anywhere in the document.

Note: There must be no space between the 

inurl:

 and the following word.

Putting 

inurl:

 in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting 

allinurl:

 at the front
of your query, e.g., [ inurl:healthy
inurl:eating ] is the same as [ allinurl:
healthy eating ].
In URLs, words are often run together. They need not be run together when you’re using inurl:.

link:

The query 

link:URL

 shows pages that point to that URL.
For example, to find pages that point to Google Guide’s home page, enter:
[ link:www.googleguide.com ]

Note: According to Google’s
documentation, “you cannot combine a link: search with a regular keyword search.”
Also note that when you combine 

link:

 with another advanced operator, Google may not return all the pages that match. The following queries should return
lots of results, as you can see if you remove the

-site:

 term in each of these queries.

Find links to the Google home page not on Google’s own site.
[ link:www.google.com
-site:google.com ]
Find links to the UK Owners Direct home page not on its own site.
[ link:www.www.ownersdirect.co.uk
-site:ownersdirect.co.uk ]

location:

If you include 

location:

 in your query on Google
News, only articles from the location you specify will be returned. For example, [ queen
location:canada ] will show articles that match the term “queen” from sites in Canada. Many other country names work; try them and see.
Two-letter US
state abbreviations match individual US states, and two-letter Canadian province abbreviations (like NS for Nova Scotia) also work — although some provinces don’t have many newspapers online, so you may not get many results. Some other two-letter abbreviations
— such as UK for the United Kingdom — are also available.

movie:

If you include 

movie:

 in your query, Google will find movie-related information. For examples, see Google’s
Blog.

related:

The query 

related:URL

 will
list web pages that are similar to the web page you specify. For instance, [ related:www.consumerreports.org ]
will list web pages that are similar to the Consumer Reports home page.

Note: Don’t include a space between the 

related:

 and the web page url.

You can also find similar pages from the “Similar pages” link on Google’s main results page, and from the similar selector in the Page-Specific Search area of the Advanced Search page. If you expect to search
frequently for similar pages, consider installing a GoogleScout
browser button, which scouts for similar pages.

site:

If you include 

site:

 in your query, Google will restrict your search results to the site or domain you specify. For example, [ admissions
site:www.lse.ac.uk ] will show admissions information from London School of Economics’ site and [ peace
site:gov ] will find pages about peace within the 

.gov

 domain. You can specify a domain with or without a period, e.g., either as 

.gov

 or 

gov

.

Note: Do not include a space between the “site:” and the domain.

You can use many of the search operators in conjunction with the basic search operators 

+

, 

–

, 

OR

,
and 

" "

. For example, to find information on Windows security from all sites except 

microsoft.com

, enter:
[  windows
security –site:microsoft.com  ]
You can also restrict your results to a site or domain through the domains selector on the Advanced Search page.

source:

If you include 

source:

 in your query, Google
News will restrict your search to articles from the news source with the ID you specify. For example, [ election
source:new_york_times ] will return articles with the word “election” that appear in the New York Times.
To find a news source ID, enter a query that includes a term and the name of the publication you’re seeking. You can also specify the publication name in the “news source” field in the Advanced News Search form.
You’ll find the news source ID in the query box, following the 

source:

 search operator. For example, let’s say you enter the publication name Ha’aretz in the News Source box, then you click the Google
Search button. The results page appears, and its search box contains [ peace
source:ha_aretz__subscription_ ]. This means that the news source ID is ha_aretz__subscription_. This query will only return articles that include the word “peace” from the Israeli newspaper Ha’aretz.

weather

If you enter a query with the word 

weather

 and a city or location name, if Google recognizes the location, the forecast will appear at the top of the results
page. Otherwise, your results will usually include links to sites with the weather conditions and forecast for that location.
Since weather is not an advanced operator, there is no need to include a colon after the word. For example, [ weather
Sunnyvale CA ] will return the weather for Sunnyvale, California and [ weather
94041 ] will return the weather for the city containing the zip code (US postal code) 94041, which is Mountain View, California.
The Google
Guide Advanced Operator Quick Reference (

www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html

) provides a nice summary of the search operators grouped by type. It includes search operators not yet
documented by Google, e.g., 

allinanchor:

, 

allintext:

, 

author:

, 

ext:

, 

group:

, 

id:

, 

insubject:

, 

intext:

, 

intitle:

, 

location:

,
and 

source:

.

Note: Google may change how undocumented operators work or eliminate them completely. If you notice problems or changes in Google’s undocumented operators,
please let us know.

Exercises

This problem set is designed to give you experiences with search operators and practice with specifying more precisely what you’re seeking by using the Advanced Search form. For hints and answers to selected problems,
see the Solutionspage.
Use the 

site:

 operator to search for armchairs on IKEA’s site, www.ikea.com.
Use the Advanced Search form to find the page whose title is “Some Ways to Detect Plagiarism.” When the title is entered in lowercase letters, the query box on the results page contains [allintitle:  “ways to
detect plagiarism” ].
Find all pages on google.com but not on answers.google.com nor on directory.google.com whose
titles include the words “FAQ” or “help.”
Use the link: operator to see who links to googleguide.com, your company’s website, or your favorite website.
Find pages whose titles include surfing that are not about surfing the World Wide Web.
Find out where the upcoming international conference on AIDS is being held.
How can you search for [ google help ] on Google Guide, www.googleguide.com,
and on the UC Berkeley library website, www.lib.berkeley.edu?
tags (keywords): advanced
search, operators, queries, search
operators

This page was last modified on: Sunday February 26, 2012

原文地址：http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators.html