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Cobbler部署指南之安装篇

2013-03-29 15:05 579 查看
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《Cobbler部署指南》系列
1、《Cobbler部署指南之安装篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166589
2、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[上文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166921
3、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[下文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166932
4、《Cobbler部署指南之yum仓库配置管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166936
5、《Cobbler部署指南之Cobbler安装操作系统篇》 http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166947
6、《Cobbler部署指南之安装虚拟化Xen系统篇》 http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166950
7、《Cobbler部署指南之电源管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166957
8、《Cobbler部署指南之FAQ处理篇》 http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1167078
一、Cobbler介绍

1.1 关于Cobbler

Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务,而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。该工具使用python开发,小巧轻便(才15k行python代码),使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置,同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS、以及yum仓库、构造系统ISO镜像。Cobbler支持命令行管理,web界面管理,还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。Cobbler客户端Koan支持虚拟机安装和操作系统重新安装,使重装系统更便捷。 Cobbler提供以下服务集成:* PXE服务支持* DHCP服务管理* DNS服务管理* 电源管理* Kickstart服务支持* yum仓库管理

1.2 谁在使用Cobbler

使用Cobbler的公司



作为服务使用Cobbler的应用程序



摘自https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Who-Uses-Cobblerhttp://www.cobblerd.org/users.html

1.3 系统版本支持

Cobbler最初是支持系统版本Fedora, Red Hat和衍生版本,如CentOS 和Scientific Linux.现在对Debian 和Ubuntu SuSE支持也相当强。还支持FreeBSD、ESXI等。koan 在Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or CentOS工作正常,其他Linux版本应该也不错。

1.4 Cobbler 模型



摘自https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/How%20We%20Model%20Things

二、Cobbler服务器环境

2.1 系统版本

lsb_release -a

LSB Version:    :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch

Distributor ID: CentOS

Description:    CentOS release 5.8 (Final)

Release:        5.8

2.2 磁盘分区容量

df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2              15G  438M   14G   4% /

/dev/sda7              90G  236M   85G   1% /var

/dev/sda6             7.8G  147M  7.3G   2% /opt

/dev/sda5             7.8G  2.0G  5.4G  28% /usr

/dev/sda1             494M   17M  452M   4% /boot

tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm

2.3 内存配置

free -m

total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:          7985        148       7837          0         30         37

-/+ buffers/cache:         80       7905

Swap:        12291          0      12291

2.4 软件版本

Cobbler版本: 2.2.3

Koan 版本:koan-1.6.6

cman版本:cman-2.0.115

三、安装Cobbler

3.1 安装EPEL源

rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

Retrieving http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm 
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.mDDqhT: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

1:epel-release           ########################################### [100%]

3.2 yum安装Cobbler

Cobbler版本 2.2.3

yum install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes cman pykickstart -y

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Determining fastest mirrors

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

CentOS                                                                                                       | 1.3 kB     00:00

CentOS/primary                                                                                               | 1.2 MB     00:00

CentOS                                                                                                                    3595/3595

epel                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB     00:00

epel/primary_db                                                                                              | 3.7 MB     00:01

……略……

Transaction Summary

====================================================================================================================================

Install      12 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.7 M

……略……

Installed:

cobbler.noarch 0:2.2.3-2.el5              dhcp.x86_64 12:3.0.5-31.el5              python-ctypes.x86_64 0:1.0.2-3.el5

Dependency Installed:

PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.08-4.el5               createrepo.noarch 0:0.4.11-3.el5            libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.2-3.el5

mkisofs.x86_64 9:2.01-10.7.el5           mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:3.2-2.el5                 python-cheetah.x86_64 0:2.0.1-1.el5

python-netaddr.noarch 0:0.5.2-1.el5      python-simplejson.x86_64 0:2.0.9-8.el5      yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.16-21.el5.centos

Complete!

3.3 配置Cobbler

vim   /etc/cobbler/settings #Cobbler主配置文件

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
配置前后内容对比

diff   /etc/cobbler/settings /etc/cobbler/settings_2013-03-10

218c218

<manage_dhcp: 1 #启用cobbler管理DHCP功能

---

> manage_dhcp: 0

237c237

<manage_rsync: 1 #启用cobbler管理rsync功能

---

> manage_rsync: 0

248c248

<next_server: 172.17.10.14 # DHCP服务地址

---

> next_server: 127.0.0.1

360c360

<server: 172.17.10.14 # cobbler服务地址

---

> server: 127.0.0.1
3.4 检查、关闭SELinux、iptables
getsebool 

getsebool:  SELinux is disabled

service iptables stop   

Flushing firewall rules:                                   [  OK  ]

Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter                    [  OK  ]

Unloading iptables modules:                                [  OK  ]

chkconfig  iptables off 

3.5 配置tftp、rsync

设置 'disable' 为 'no'

sed -i '/disable/c\\tdisable\t\t\t= no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  

sed -i  's/\=\ yes/\=\ no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 

3.6 启用wsgi模块

sed  -i 's@#LoadModule@LoadModule@g' /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf 

3.7 生成Cobbler安装系统root初始密码

这里生成密钥和配置默认密钥,ks文件引用

openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'hexun' 

$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1s

加入cobbler配置

vim /etc/cobbler/settings  

grep default_password_crypted  /etc/cobbler/settings#修改为如下配置

default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1s"


3.8配置DHCP

cp  /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.$(date +%F) #备份

vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  

dhcp.template             dhcp.template.2013-03-10

vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template #编辑

diff  /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.2013-03-10 |grep '<' #配置前后差异对比

< subnet 172.17.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {

<      option routers 172.17.10.119;

<      option domain-name"sys.hexun";

<      option domain-name-servers 172.17.10.2;

<      option subnet-mask         255.255.0.0;

<      range dynamic-bootp        172.17.188.60 172.17.188.120;

<      default-lease-time         600;

<      max-lease-time             1200;


3.9 配置相关服务开机自启动

/sbin/service httpd start  

/sbin/service dhcpd start  

/sbin/service xinetd start  

/sbin/service cobblerd start  

/sbin/chkconfig httpd on

/sbin/chkconfig dhcpd on

/sbin/chkconfig xinetd on

/sbin/chkconfig tftp on

/sbin/chkconfig cobblerd on

3.10 下载引导操作系统文件

cobbler get-loaders 

3.11 配置debmiror

yum -y install debmirror  

修改 /etc/debmirror.conf 配置文件,注释掉 @dists 和 @arches 两行

sed -i  's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf  

sed -i  's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf 

3.12 检查Cobbler 配置

cobbler check

No configuration problems found.  All systems go. #出现此提示即正常

cobblerd does not appear to be running/accessible #此提示是因为cobbler服务没启动
cobbler check出现的相关报错处理请看http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1167078

3.13 同步配置

cobbler sync 
四、配置管理Cobbler
请访问
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166921


五、Cobbler Web管理
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166932


六、yum仓库配置管理
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/1281816/1166936


七、Cobbler安装操作系统
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/1281816/1166947
7.5 安装Xen 宿主机
7.6 安装Xen虚拟机
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/1281816/1166950


八、电源管理
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/1281816/1166957


九、Cobbler报错处理
http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/1281816/1167078



请看《Cobbler部署指南》系列续文
《运维自动化装机篇之Cobbler部署指南【技术文档】》下载 http://down.51cto.com/data/745895
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