Ubuntu source list和apt-get命令

官方的服务器：

# /etc/apt/sources.list

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 9.10 _Karmic Koala_ - Release i386 (20091028.5)]/ karmic main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to

# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the

## distribution.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu

## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any

## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu

## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to

## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in

## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu

## security team.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'

## repository.

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as

## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes

## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.

## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review

## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

# deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's

## 'partner' repository.

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the

## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.

# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu karmic partner

# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu karmic partner

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security multiverse

deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security multiverse

搜狐的服务器：

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

163的服务器：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

其他参照

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E6%BA%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8

apt-get命令：

apt-cache search package 搜索包

apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等

sudo apt-get install package 安装包

sudo apt-get install package - - reinstall 重新安装包

sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = ——fix-missing"

sudo apt-get remove package 删除包

sudo apt-get remove package - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等

sudo apt-get update 更新源

sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统

sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级

apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖

apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖

sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境

apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码

sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包

sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖