机房收费系统之组合查询:基本字符串拼接方法和存储过程实现

组合查询是费了不少功夫,查了不少资料,主要的两种思路是:字符串拼接和结合存储过程的使用.

第一种方法是通过最简单的方法来实现的,三层架构是为了解耦,对于组合查询就有点不太好处理,下面是我处理的过程,

程序界面:



U层(界面层):手机数据,传递给实体

''' <summary>
''' 获取数据的值后传递给实体,并查找后数据显示给用户
''' </summary>
''' <param name="sender"></param>
''' <param name="e"></param>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Private Sub cmdQuery_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles cmdQuery.Click

Dim enselectString As New Entity.SelectString
Dim table As New DataTable
'代替变量
Dim f1 As String
Dim f2 As String
Dim f3 As String
'选择后转换成数据库识别的字段
Select Case cboFieldA.Text
Case "学号"
f1 = "studentId"
Case "姓名"
f1 = "studentName"
Case "性别"
f1 = "sex"
Case "系别"
f1 = "department"
Case "年级"
f1 = "grade"
Case "班级"
f1 = "stuClass"
Case "备注"
f1 = "studentStyle"
Case "卡号"
f1 = "cardId"
Case Else
f1 = ""
End Select
Select Case cboFieldB.Text
Case "学号"
f2 = "studentId"
Case "姓名"
f2 = "studentName"
Case "性别"
f2 = "sex"
Case "系别"
f2 = "department"
Case "年级"
f2 = "grade"
Case "班级"
f2 = "stuClass"
Case "备注"
f2 = "studentStyle"
Case "卡号"
f2 = "cardId"
Case Else
f2 = ""
End Select
Dim f4 As String
Select Case cboRelationA.Text
Case "或"
f4 = "or"
Case "与"
f4 = "and"
Case Else
f4 = ""
End Select
Select Case cboFieldC.Text
Case "学号"
f3 = "studentId"
Case "姓名"
f3 = "studentName"
Case "性别"
f3 = "sex"
Case "系别"
f3 = "department"
Case "年级"
f3 = "grade"
Case "班级"
f3 = "stuClass"
Case "备注"
f3 = "studentStyle"
Case "卡号"
f3 = "cardId"
Case Else
f3 = ""
End Select
'将参数传递给实体
enselectString.Work_cboFieldA = f1
enselectString.Work_cboFieldB = f2
enselectString.Work_cboFieldC = f3
enselectString.Work_cboOperatorA = cboOperatorA.Text
enselectString.Work_cboOperatorB = cboOperatorB.Text
enselectString.Work_cboOperatorC = cboOperatorC.Text
enselectString.Work_cboRelationA = f4
enselectString.Work_cboRelationB = cboRelationB.Text
enselectString.Work_txtConditionA = txtConditionA.Text
enselectString.Work_txtConditionB = txtConditionB.Text
enselectString.Work_txtConditionC = txtConditionC.Text
'将查询结果显示出来给用户
Dim InquireStudentInfoFA As New Facade.StudentManageFA
table = InquireStudentInfoFA.InquireStudentInfoBll(enselectString)
DGW.DataSource = table '数据的绑定
'显示成自己需要的数据
DGW.Columns(0).HeaderText = "学号"
DGW.Columns(1).HeaderText = "姓名"
DGW.Columns(2).HeaderText = "卡号"
DGW.Columns(3).HeaderText = "余额"
DGW.Columns(4).HeaderText = "系别"
DGW.Columns(5).HeaderText = "年级"
DGW.Columns(6).HeaderText = "班级"
DGW.Columns(7).HeaderText = "性别"
DGW.Columns(8).HeaderText = "状态"
DGW.Columns(9).HeaderText = "备注"

实体层中的方法

''' <summary>
''' 生成字符串
''' </summary>
''' <param name="table">访问不同的数据库表的名称</param>
''' <param name="ss"></param>
''' <returns>字符串</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Function SelectString(ByVal table As String, ByVal ss As SelectString) As String
Dim sql As String
Try
sql = "select * from " & table & " where " & ss.cboFieldA & " " & ss.Work_cboOperatorA & " '" & ss.Work_txtConditionA & "'"
If ss.Work_cboRelationA = "" Then
Return sql
Else
sql = sql & " " & ss.Work_cboRelationA & " " & ss.Work_cboFieldB & " " & ss.Work_cboOperatorB & " '" & ss.Work_txtConditionB & "'"
If ss.Work_cboRelationB = "" Then
Return sql
Else
sql = sql & " " & ss.Work_cboRelationB & " " & ss.Work_cboFieldC & " " & ss.Work_cboOperatorC & " '" & ss.Work_txtConditionC & "'"
Return sql
End If
End If
Catch ex As Exception                   '错误处理
sql = ""
Return sql
End Try

B层:逻辑的整理

''' <summary>
''' 查询学生的信息
''' </summary>
''' <param name="selectstring">实体选择字符串</param>
''' <returns>返回表</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Function InquireStudentInfo(ByVal selectstring As Entity.SelectString) As DataTable
Dim factory As New DBFactory '实例化工厂
Dim iStudent As IStudent '定义接口
iStudent = factory.CreateStudentInfo '创建接口
Dim dt As New DataTable
Try '通过视图来获取自己需要的信息
dt = iStudent.GetInfoByString("V_QueryStudentInfo", selectstring)
Return dt
Catch ex As Exception
Return dt
End Try
End Function

D:通过字符串来获取信息

''' <summary>
''' 通过字符串来获取信息
''' </summary>
''' <param name="table">数据库表</param>
''' <param name="selectstring">实体选择字符串</param>
''' <returns><返回表/returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>

Public Function GetInfoByString(table As String, selectstring As SelectString) As DataTable Implements IStudent.GetInfoByString
Dim dt As New DataTable '声明变量
Dim selectstring1 As New Entity.SelectString
Dim sql As String '定义字符串
sql = selectstring.SelectString(table, selectstring)
Try
'调用SqlHelper执行
dt = SqlHelper.DBHelper.GetDataTable(sql, CommandType.Text)
Return dt
Catch ex As Exception
Return dt
End Try
End Function

selectstring方法的功能是根据传入的参数合成SQL语句，包括表的名称，这样做可以对不同功能进行组合查询，但是只限于该功能所查询的数据在一张表中或是在同一视图中。

通过这样处理的组合查询，很好的遵守了三层架构的要求，实现了解耦的目的。

第二种方法是:不再使用上述的那样的字符串拼接,毕竟这样的方法容易处错误,下面我请教师傅学习后思考:是怎么实现不论怎样填写条件，只传送三个参数，而且没有select判断，需要设置我的Relation默认是and关系，所以只有Relation用了一个if语句来判断是不是或关系，在只有一个条件时，那么就将三个参数赋相同的值，也就是对三个相同的条件查询and关系。这样做的好处就是避免了使用判断语句来进行拼加字符串，在存储过程中直接传入参数即可。

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[PROC_Query]
@cboFieldA varchar(10),
@cboOperatorA varchar(10),
@txtConditionA varchar(10),
@cboRelationA varchar(10),
@cboFieldB varchar(10),
@cboOperatorB varchar(10),
@txtConditionB varchar(10),
@cboRelationB varchar(10),
@cboFieldC varchar(10),
@cboOperatorC varchar(10),
@txtConditionC varchar(10)--表名称或视图名称
AS
declare @TempSql varchar(500)--临时存放sql语句
--CHAR(32)是空格,CHAR(39)单引号
BEGIN
set @TempSql='select * from V_StudentInfo where '+CHAR(32)
+@cboFieldA+@cboOperatorA+CHAR(39)+@txtConditionA+CHAR(39)+
CHAR(32)+@cboRelationA+CHAR(32)+
@cboFieldB+@cboOperatorB+CHAR(39)+@txtConditionB+CHAR(39)+
+CHAR(32)+@cboRelationB+CHAR(32)
+@cboFieldC+@cboOperatorC+CHAR(39)+@txtConditionC+CHAR(39)
execute (@TempSql)

END

这种方法自己还是需要后期的多多实践,要求是多这样的组合查询有很强的逻辑分析,希望在合作开发的时候加深对此方法的理解.