Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：





根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO
-->

<bean
id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean
id="userDao"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<!-- 配置事务管理器
-->

<property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<property
name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />

<property
name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />

<!-- 配置事务属性
-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean
id="transactionBase"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"

lazy-init="true" abstract="true">

<!-- 配置事务管理器
-->

<property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性
-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO
-->

<bean
id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean
id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >

<property
name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />

</bean>

</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean
id="transactionInterceptor"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">

<property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性
-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<bean
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">

<property
name="beanNames">

<list>

<value>*Dao</value>

</list>

</property>

<property
name="interceptorNames">

<list>

<value>transactionInterceptor</value>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO
-->

<bean
id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config
/>

<context:component-scan
base-package="com.bluesky" />

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<tx:advice
id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

<tx:attributes>

<tx:method
name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

</tx:attributes>

</tx:advice>

<aop:config>

<aop:pointcut
id="interceptorPointCuts"

expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />

<aop:advisor
advice-ref="txAdvice"

pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />

</aop:config>

</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config
/>

<context:component-scan
base-package="com.bluesky" />

<tx:annotation-driven
transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

</beans>

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional

@Component("userDao")

public class UserDaoImpl
extends HibernateDaoSupport
implements UserDao {

public List<User> listUsers()
{

return this.getSession().createQuery("from
User").list();

}



}