[转]Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：





根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="userDao"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<property name="target"
ref="userDaoTarget" />

<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!--
配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="transactionBase"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init="true"
abstract="true">

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性 -->

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="userDao"
parent="transactionBase" >

<property name="target"
ref="userDaoTarget" />

</bean>
</beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性 -->

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">

<property name="beanNames">

<list>

<value>*Dao</value>

</list>

</property>

<property name="interceptorNames">

<list>

<value>transactionInterceptor</value>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDao"
class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>
</beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />

<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<tx:advice id="txAdvice"
transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*"
propagation="REQUIRED" />
</tx:attributes>

</tx:advice>

<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(*
com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />

</aop:config>

</beans>
第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />

<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import
java.util.List;

import
org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import
com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class
UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements
UserDao {

public List<User>
listUsers() {
return this.getSession().createQuery("from
User").list();
}



}