owl-s API一个简单例子

owl-s语义Web服务标记语言， 在Tim Berners-Lee的提出Semantic Web之后，Semantic Web服务业也得到了快速的发展。

相关的工具很多，主流的框架有DARPA组织和wsmo组织，后者是欧洲提出的，前者组织提出的框架是主流的。

owl-s前身是daml-s，其地址：http://www.daml.org/index.html

现在owl-s的最新版本是owl-s1.2

工具API有owl-s API，有mindswap组织维护，地址：http://www.mindswap.org/

该组织提供了许多工具API和工具，以及一些demo例子。

现在该网站已经停止了更新，最新的owl-s API由OSIRIS组织维护地址：http://on.cs.unibas.ch/owls-api/index.html

该网站提供的最新owl-s API3.0接口对应owl-s1.2

下面结合其提供的工具，我们给出一个例子

先用其提供的WSDL2OWLS工具，生成owls文件。

首先利用axis1.4发布一个服务

package com.hello;

public class SayHello {

public String sayHello(String name)

{

return "Hello World "+name ;

}

}

将其发布为服务后生成wsdl文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"
xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

- <!--

WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4

Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)

-->

- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">

<wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="xsd:string" />

</wsdl:message>

- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest">

<wsdl:part name="name" type="xsd:string" />

</wsdl:message>

- <wsdl:portType name="SayHello">

- <wsdl:operation name="sayHello" parameterOrder="name">

<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest" />

<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse" />

</wsdl:operation>

</wsdl:portType>

- <wsdl:binding name="SayHelloServiceSoapBinding" type="impl:SayHello">

<wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />

- <wsdl:operation name="sayHello">

<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="" />

- <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://hello.com" use="encoded" />

</wsdl:input>

- <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"
use="encoded" />

</wsdl:output>

</wsdl:operation>

</wsdl:binding>

- <wsdl:service name="SayHelloService">

- <wsdl:port binding="impl:SayHelloServiceSoapBinding" name="SayHelloService">

<wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService" />

</wsdl:port>

</wsdl:service>

</wsdl:definitions>

下面是生成的owl文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<rdf:RDF

xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:expr="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/Expression.owl#"

xmlns:service="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl#"

xmlns:process="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Process.owl#"

xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"

xmlns="http://www.example.org/service.owl"

xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"

xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"

xmlns:grounding="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl#"

xmlns:profile="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl#"

xmlns:list="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/ObjectList.owl#"

xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"

xml:base="http://www.example.org/service.owl">

<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">

<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl"/>

<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl"/>

<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl"/>

</owl:Ontology>

<service:Service rdf:ID="sayHelloService">

<service:supports>

<grounding:WsdlGrounding rdf:ID="sayHelloGrounding"/>

</service:supports>

<service:describedBy>

<process:AtomicProcess rdf:ID="sayHelloProcess"/>

</service:describedBy>

<service:presents>

<profile:Profile rdf:ID="sayHelloProfile"/>

</service:presents>

</service:Service>

<profile:Profile rdf:about="#sayHelloProfile">

<profile:hasOutput>

<process:Output rdf:ID="sayHelloReturn">

<process:parameterType rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"

>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string</process:parameterType>

<rdfs:label>sayHelloReturn</rdfs:label>

</process:Output>

</profile:hasOutput>

<profile:hasInput>

<process:Input rdf:ID="name">

//输入的名字参数

<process:parameterType rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"

>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string</process:parameterType>

<rdfs:label>name</rdfs:label>

</process:Input>

</profile:hasInput>

<profile:textDescription>Auto generated from http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl</profile:textDescription>
<profile:serviceName>sayHello</profile:serviceName>

<service:presentedBy rdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>

</profile:Profile>

<process:AtomicProcess rdf:about="#sayHelloProcess">

<process:hasOutput rdf:resource="#sayHelloReturn"/>

<process:hasInput rdf:resource="#name"/>

<service:describes rdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>

<rdfs:label>sayHelloProcess</rdfs:label>

</process:AtomicProcess>

<grounding:WsdlGrounding rdf:about="#sayHelloGrounding">

<grounding:hasAtomicProcessGrounding>

<grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGrounding rdf:ID="sayHelloAtomicProcessGrounding"/>

</grounding:hasAtomicProcessGrounding>

<service:supportedBy rdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>

</grounding:WsdlGrounding>

<grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGrounding rdf:about="#sayHelloAtomicProcessGrounding">

<grounding:wsdlOutput>

<grounding:WsdlOutputMessageMap> <grounding:wsdlMessagePart>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#sayHelloReturn</grounding:wsdlMessagePart>

<grounding:owlsParameter rdf:resource="#sayHelloReturn"/>

</grounding:WsdlOutputMessageMap>

</grounding:wsdlOutput>

<grounding:wsdlInput>

<grounding:WsdlInputMessageMap> <grounding:wsdlMessagePart>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#name</grounding:wsdlMessagePart>

<grounding:owlsParameter rdf:resource="#name"/>

</grounding:WsdlInputMessageMap>

</grounding:wsdlInput>

<grounding:wsdlOutputMessage rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI" >http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService#sayHelloResponse</grounding:wsdlOutputMessage>

<grounding:wsdlInputMessage rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI" >http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService#sayHelloRequest</grounding:wsdlInputMessage>

<grounding:wsdlDocument rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"

>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl</grounding:wsdlDocument>

<grounding:wsdlOperation>

<grounding:WsdlOperationRef>

<grounding:operation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"

>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#sayHello</grounding:operation>

</grounding:WsdlOperationRef>

</grounding:wsdlOperation>

<grounding:owlsProcess rdf:resource="#sayHelloProcess"/>

</grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGrounding>

</rdf:RDF>

OWL-S API支持对语义Web服务的描述，读写，以及调用原子的或者组合的Web服务。

该OWL-S API的主要功能如下：

读/写服务描述：

OWL-S API中有两个重要的接口：OWLOntology和OWLKnowledgeBase。OWLOntology代表了存储在单个文件中的信息，而OWLKnowledgeBase是许多Ontology的集合。RDF数据可以加载到OWLOntology上，只有OWLOntology对象才能组合起来。OWLKnowledgeBase中只有一个Ontology是用来存储数据的（例如执行之后，新的实例会被加到这个 OWLOntology上。

函数OWLKnowledgeBase.read(URI)从给定的Ontology读取信息，并产生OWLOntology。函数 OWLOntology.getService()用来获取ontology中的服务实例。如果有许多服务，则用 OWLOntology.getServices()获取。然后，函数OWLKnowledgeBase.readService(URI)以及 OWLKnowledgeBase.readServices(URI)将会读取服务。如果函数调用发生错误将会产生null输出。

网上一堆文章都是拿别人的例子贴，这里给出一个简单的例子

上面生成了owl文件，下面贴出代码演示执行该服务的代码

package examples;

import java.net.URI;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLClass;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLDataProperty;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLDataValue;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLFactory;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLIndividual;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLKnowledgeBase;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLObjectProperty;

import org.mindswap.owl.OWLValue;

import org.mindswap.owls.OWLSFactory;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.AtomicProcess;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.Process;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.execution.DefaultProcessMonitor;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngine;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.variable.Input;

import org.mindswap.owls.process.variable.Output;

import org.mindswap.owls.service.Service;

import org.mindswap.query.ValueMap;

import org.mindswap.utils.Utils;

public class RunService

{

Service service;

Process process;

String inValue;

String outValue;

ValueMap<Input, OWLValue> inputs;

ValueMap<Output, OWLValue> outputs;

ProcessExecutionEngine exec;

public RunService() {

exec = OWLSFactory.createExecutionEngine();

exec.addMonitor(new DefaultProcessMonitor());

}

public void run() throws Exception {

final OWLKnowledgeBase kb = OWLFactory.createKB();

service = kb.readService(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/axis/sayHello.owl"));

//这里也可以放在文件系统的某个目录里,举个例子,将owl文件放在工程当前目录下

//URI.create("file:./Hello.owl");

process = service.getProcess();

inputs = new ValueMap<Input, OWLValue>();

inputs.setValue(process.getInput("name"), kb.createDataValue("！！！"));

//这里的input的要和上面本体owl文件里的input的ID同名注意

outputs = exec.execute(process, inputs, kb);

OWLDataValue res=outputs.getDataValue(process.getOutput().getName());

System.out.println("Executed service '" + service + "'");

System.out.println("Grounding WSDL: " + ((AtomicProcess) process).getGrounding().getDescriptionURL());

System.out.println("Output = ");

System.out.println(res.getValue());

}

public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {

final RunService test = new RunService();

test.run();

}

}

结果如下：

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ActorDefault.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ServiceParameter.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ServiceCategory.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Process.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/ObjectList.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/Expression.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://on.cs.unibas.ch/owl-s/1.2/MoreGroundings.owl# ...

INFO [main] (Vocabulary.java:117) - Loading ontology http://on.cs.unibas.ch/owl-s/1.2/FLAService.owl# ...

Start executing process Atomic Process sayHelloProcess

Inputs [name Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]

Outputs [sayHelloReturn Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]

Inputs:

name = !!!

Execution finished for Atomic Process sayHelloProcess

Inputs [name Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]

Outputs [sayHelloReturn Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]

Outputs:

sayHelloReturn = Hello World !!!

Executed service 'Service http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloService
Profiles [http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloProfile http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl#Profile
Inputs [name Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]

Outputs [sayHelloReturn Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]

]

Process Atomic Process sayHelloProcess

Inputs [name Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]

Outputs [sayHelloReturn Datatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -> class java.lang.String]
http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]

Groundings [http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloGrounding]

Grounding WSDL: http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl
Output =

Hello World !!!

最后注意补充一下:

本文的测试的服务是用axis1.4开发的,用axis2 1.5版本我测试有问题,而且在看了OWL-S API3.0的lib目录发现他里面的服务也是用的axis1.4,解析wsdl文件的jar包是wsdl4j1.5,

在axis2里引入了axisom机制,所以在这里执行时会有异常.

Execution failed:

org.mindswap.exceptions.ExecutionException: The ServiceClass object does not implement the required method in the following form: OMElement sayHello(OMElement e)

org.mindswap.exceptions.ExecutionException: The ServiceClass object does not implement the required method in the following form: OMElement sayHello(OMElement e)

at impl.owls.grounding.WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.invoke(WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.java:190)

at impl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.executeAtomicProcess(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:303)

at impl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.executeAtomicProcess(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:89)

at impl.owls.process.AtomicProcessImpl.execute(AtomicProcessImpl.java:102)

at impl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.execute(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:252)

at examples.RunService.runDictionary(RunService.java:320)

at examples.RunService.runAll(RunService.java:370)

at examples.RunService.main(RunService.java:390)

Caused by: The ServiceClass object does not implement the required method in the following form: OMElement sayHello(OMElement e)

at org.apache.axis.message.SOAPFaultBuilder.createFault(SOAPFaultBuilder.java:222)

at org.apache.axis.message.SOAPFaultBuilder.endElement(SOAPFaultBuilder.java:129)

at org.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.endElement(DeserializationContext.java:1087)

at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDispatcher.dispatch(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)

at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)

at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)

at org.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.parse(DeserializationContext.java:227)

at org.apache.axis.SOAPPart.getAsSOAPEnvelope(SOAPPart.java:696)

at org.apache.axis.Message.getSOAPEnvelope(Message.java:435)

at org.apache.axis.handlers.soap.MustUnderstandChecker.invoke(MustUnderstandChecker.java:62)

at org.apache.axis.client.AxisClient.invoke(AxisClient.java:206)

at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invokeEngine(Call.java:2784)

at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2767)

at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:1910)

at org.mindswap.wsdl.WSDLOperation.invoke(WSDLOperation.java:234)

at impl.owls.grounding.WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.invoke(WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.java:186)

... 7 more