无法运行宏，可能是因为该宏在此工作簿中不可用，或者所有的宏都被禁用的解决方法

一、grep 命令
grep –help查看grep命令发现可选参数太多。这里挑几个常用的来举例说明。
示例文件如下：

[root@localhost test]# more grep.txt
xy
yxay
xxxy
yaxy
yyxxyyxx
yyaaxxyyaa
xaaay
axay
xaya
rootxyxyxyxyxyxyx
xyxyxyxyxyxyx
xyxyxyxyxyx
xyxXYXYXYXyxyx
xyxyxyxyxyxyxxy
xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
XYXYXxy
XaaaaY
XYXYXYXYXYX
XsdfsfasfY
XXYYYAAAA
XXXAAAAYYY

-c ：显示匹配的次数
[root@localhost test]# grep -c ‘xy’grep.txt
12
-i ：忽略大小差异
[root@localhost test]# grep -ci ‘xy’grep.txt
14 #发现忽略大小写多了2行。
-n ：显示行号

[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'xyxy'grep.txt
10:rootxyxyxyxyxyxyx
11:xyxyxyxyxyxyx
12:xyxyxyxyxyx
14:xyxyxyxyxyxyxxy
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx

-A+n（n代表数字） ：After的意思，显示匹配字符后n行数据
-B+n（n代表数字） ：Before的意思，显示匹配字符前n行数据

[root@localhost test]# grep -nA 2 'xixi'grep.txt
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
16-XYXYXxy
17-XaaaaY

[root@localhost test]# grep -nB 2 'xixi'grep.txt
13-xyxXYXYXYXyxyx
14-xyxyxyxyxyxyxxy
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx

-v ：显示没有匹配的行。

[root@localhost test]# grep -nv 'x'grep.txt
17:XaaaaY
18:XYXYXYXYXYX
19:XsdfsfasfY
20:XXYYYAAAA
21:XXXAAAAYYY

注意：一般为了显示明显，一般会使用—color=auto。一般系统会通过别名的方式自带此参数，如果没有可以自己添加个别名就可以了：alias grep='grep --color=auto'。还有对于要查找的字符应用‘’（单引号）引起来，一般不建议用双引号，容易被程序误解。
二、基本正则表达式
申明：C：表示单个字符（char），S：表示字符串（String）
^S :表示搜索以S开头的行。

[root@localhost test]# grep -n '^xy'grep.txt #查找以xy开头的行
1:xy
11:xyxyxyxyxyxyx
12:xyxyxyxyxyx
13:xyxXYXYXYXyxyx
14:xyxyxyxyxyxyxxy
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
[root@localhost test]# grep -n '^xyx'grep.txt #查找以xyx开头的行
11:xyxyxyxyxyxyx
12:xyxyxyxyxyx
13:xyxXYXYXYXyxyx
14:xyxyxyxyxyxyxxy
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx

[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'xy^'grep.txt #注意^是放在最前面的。
S$ :搜索以S结束的行，与^对应

[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'xyx$'grep.txt #查找以xyx结束的行
10:rootxyxyxyxyxyxyx
11:xyxyxyxyxyxyx
12:xyxyxyxyxyx
13:xyxXYXYXYXyxyx
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx

[root@localhost test]# grep -n '$xy'grep.txt #同样$需要放在后面，放在字符串前面是不对的
. :点号，匹配任意一个字符，注意只是一个字符

[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'a..x'grep.txt #查找行中有a..x的
6:yyaaxxyyaa

\ :斜杠，转义字符

[root@localhost test]# grep -n"\"" grep.txt #通过转义
25:"xy"
[root@localhost test]# grep -n '"'grep.txt #可以看到通过单引号引用时不需要转义字符
25:"xy"

[] :匹配[]内的字符中任意一个

[root@localhost test]# grep -n [higk]grep.txt
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
22:x,y,z,e,f,g,h

[c1-c2]      :匹配字符范围中的一个字符
[root@localhost test]# grep -ni [h-k]grep.txt
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
22:x,y,z,e,f,g,h

[^S] ：匹配字符串内字符以外的字符

[root@localhost test]# grep -ni[^aefjkxyz\'\"] grep.txt
10:rootxyxyxyxyxyxyx
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx
19:XsdfsfasfY
22:x,y,z,e,f,g,h

c\{n1,n2\} :前面的字符重复n1，n2次。注意是重复出现

[root@localhost test]# grep -ni 'xa\{3,5\}'grep.txt #重复a 3-5次，这里-i忽略大小
7:xaaay
17:XaaaaY
21:XXXAAAAYYY
[root@localhost test]# grep -ni 'xy\{3,5\}'grep.txt #同样重复y 3-5次
20:XXYYYAAAA

\<S ：匹配文中单词是以S开头的

[root@localhost test]# grep -n '\<yx'grep.txt
2:yxay
S\>             ：匹配文中单词是以S结尾的
[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'xyxyx\>'grep.txt
10:rootxyxyxyxyxyxyx
11:xyxyxyxyxyxyx
12:xyxyxyxyxyx

C* ：匹配前面的单个字符重复0到多次。即包不包含C字符无所谓

[root@localhost test]# grep -n 'axy*'grep.txt #是否包含y无所谓
4:yaxy
6:yyaaxxyyaa
8:axay

三、扩展正则表达式
egrep :grep命令的扩展命令。与grep–E作用一样。
C+ ：重复前面单个字符1到多次。即需包含前面这个字符

[root@localhost test]# egrep -n 'ay+'grep.txt #带有a开始，并且紧跟后面包含至少一个y
2:yxay
7:xaaay
8:axay
9:xaya

C? ：匹配0次或1次前面的字符C

[root@localhost test]# egrep -n 'ax?'grep.txt #以带有a开头后跟不跟x无所谓
2:yxay
4:yaxy
6:yyaaxxyyaa
7:xaaay
8:axay
9:xaya
17:XaaaaY
19:XsdfsfasfY

[root@localhost test]# egrep -n 'ax+'grep.txt #带有a开头后紧跟x或者多个x如6
4:yaxy
6:yyaaxxyyaa
8:axay

S|S ：匹配前面的字符串或后面字符串

[root@localhost test]# egrep -n 'aaxx|aaaa'grep.txt
6:yyaaxxyyaa
17:XaaaaY

(S) :匹配括号字符串S

[root@localhost test]# egrep -n'(axx)|(xixi)' grep.txt
6:yyaaxxyyaa
15:xyxyxixixixinsnsnsnxixiyxyx

本文出自 “丁同学1990” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://dingtongxue1990.blog.51cto.com/4959501/1692563