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Unix 高级编程 环境配置(Centos + X86_64)

2012-12-20 16:43 169 查看
UNIX环境高级编程

最近在读 Richard Stevens 的大作《UNIX环境高级编程》,相信很多初读此书的人都会与我一样遇到这个问题,编译书中的程序实例时会出现问题,提示 “错误:apue.h:没有那个文件或目录”。

apue.h 是作者自定义的一个头文件,并不是Unix/Linux系统自带的,此头文件包括了Unix程序所需的常用头文件及作者Richard自己写的出错处理函数。所以在默认情况下,gcc在编译时是读不到这个头文件的。

先在这个网站 http://www.apuebook.com/src.tar.gz 下载tar.gz格式的源码包,然后解压至某个目录,比如说/home/godsoul/下,然后进入目录apue.2e,把文件 Make.defines.linux 中的 WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e 修改为 WKDIR=/home/godsoul/apue.2e ,然后再进入apue.2e目录下的std目录,打开linux.mk,将里面的nawk全部替换为awk,如果是用的vi/vim编辑器,可以使用这个
命令 :1.$s/nawk/awk/g (注意前面有冒号)

然后在此目录下运行make命令,即回到 /home/godsoul/apue.2e 目录在终端中输入 “./make” (不含引号)

然后把 /home/godsoul/apue.2e/inlcude 目录下的 apue.h 文件和位于 /home/godsoul/apue.2e/lib 目录下的 error.c 文件都复制到 /usr/include 目录下,apue.2e/lib/libapue.a 到/usr/lib/和 /usr/lib64下。注意复制这文件你需要有root权限。之所以要这样做,是因为gcc在链接头文件时会到 /usr/include 这个目录下寻找需要的头文件,若找不到则报错。

最终还要编辑一下复制过来的 apue.h 文件

在最后一行 #endif 前面添加一行 #include “error.c”

然后进入apue.2e/std 目录,编辑linux.mk。修改里面所有的nawk为awk。

这样就不会报错了。

还又可能遇到的问题如下:

如果出现stropts.h找不到的情况,则下载glibc-2.11,解压缩

cp ./glibc-2.11/streams/stropts.h /usr/include

cp ./glibc-2.11/bits/stropts.h /usr/include/bits

cp ./glibc-2.11/sysdeps/x86_64/bits/xtitypes.h /usr/include/bits

在我的机器上编译时,提示ARG_MAX未定义,可以这么修改。

在apue.2e/include/apue.h中添加一行:

#define ARG_MAX 4096

打开apue.2e/threadctl/getenv1.c 和apue.2e/threadctl/getenv3.c,添加一行:

#include “apue.h”

改好后make clean再重新make

2. 使用apue.h文件和libapue.a库。

假定/tmp下有一个文件:threadid.c,内容如下(apue线程章节的例子):

#include <apue.h>

#include <pthread.h>

pthread_t ntid;

void

printids(const char *s)

{

pid_t pid;

pthread_t tid;

pid = getpid();

tid = pthread_self();

printf(“%s pid %u tid %u (0x%x)\n”, s, (unsigned int)pid,

(unsigned int)tid, (unsigned int)tid);

}

void *

thr_fn(void *arg)

{

printids(“new thread: “);

return((void *)0);

}

int

main(void)

{

int err;

err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thr_fn, NULL);

if (err != 0)

err_quit(“can’t create thread: %s\n”, strerror(err));

printids(“main thread:”);

sleep(1);

exit(0);

}

使用如下命令编译:

cc -o threadid threadid.c -lapue -lpthread

可以运行一下:

dan@dan-laptop:/tmp$ ./threadid

new thread: pid 17490 tid 816015696 (0x30a36950)

main thread: pid 17490 tid 823949040 (0x311c76f0)

3. 编译《UNP》

这个稍微麻烦些。
http://www.unpbook.com/unpv13e.tar.gz
我们首先产生一个目录,以后自己的代码就敲在这个目录里。

mkdir /home/dan/study/unp

仍然是下载到/home/dan/download/,解压缩,进入目录

cd /home/dan/download/unpv13e/

README文件中说的很详细:

========================================

Execute the following from the src/ directory:

./configure # try to figure out all implementation differences

cd lib # build the basic library that all programs need

make # use “gmake” everywhere on BSD/OS systems

cd ../libfree # continue building the basic library

make

cd ../libroute # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets

make # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets

cd ../libxti # only if your system supports XTI

make # only if your system supports XTI

cd ../intro # build and test a basic client program

make daytimetcpcli

========================================

这里只编译lib下的文件,这样可以产生libunp.a,复制这个静态库到/usr/lib/和/usr/lib64/

如果提示:

unp.h:139: error: conflicting types for ‘socklen_t’

/usr/include/bits/socket.h:35: error: previous declaration of ‘socklen_t’ was here

需要注释掉当前目录中unp.h的第139行。

复制libunp.a到系统目录:

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib# cp ../libunp.a /usr/lib

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib# cp ../libunp.a /usr/lib64/

4.使用unp.h和libunp.a

如果直接复制unpv13e/lib/unp.h到/usr/include,那么在别的目录编译书上代码时,很可会得到类似下面的错误:

In file included from daytimetcpsrv1.c:1:

/usr/include/unp.h:227: error: redefinition of ‘struct sockaddr_storage’

In file included from daytimetcpsrv1.c:1:

/usr/include/unp.h:249:30: error: ../lib/addrinfo.h: No such file or directory

/usr/include/unp.h:263: error: redefinition of ‘struct timespec’

/usr/include/unp.h:363: error: conflicting types for ‘gai_strerror’

/usr/include/netdb.h:647: error: previous declaration of ‘gai_strerror’ was here

/usr/include/unp.h:367: error: conflicting types for ‘getnameinfo’

/usr/include/netdb.h:653: error: previous declaration of ‘getnameinfo’ was here

/usr/include/unp.h:371: error: conflicting types for ‘gethostname’

/usr/include/unistd.h:857: error: previous declaration of ‘gethostname’ was here

/usr/include/unp.h:387: error: conflicting types for ‘inet_ntop’

/usr/include/arpa/inet.h:65: error: previous declaration of ‘inet_ntop’ was here

/usr/include/unp.h:395: error: conflicting types for ‘pselect’

/usr/include/sys/select.h:121: error: previous declaration of ‘pselect’ was here

daytimetcpsrv1.c: In function ‘main’:

daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: ‘MAX_LINE’ undeclared (first use in this function)

daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once

daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: for each function it appears in.)

dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ rm -f /usr/include/unp.h

解决方法有点傻:

进入我们开始时建立的目录:

cd /home/dan/study/unp

复制config.h和unp.h到此目录:

dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp$ cp /home/dan/download/unpv13e/config.h .

dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp$ cp /home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib/unp.h .

修改unp.h,

#include “../config.h”改成 #include “config.h”

添加一行:

#define MAX_LINE 2048

练习书上代码时,在unp目录下建立相应的章节目录,文件中添加一行:

#include “../unp.h”

编译时链接unp库就可以了。

以第四章的daytimetcpsrv1.c为例:

dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ pwd

/home/dan/study/unp/4

dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ cat daytimetcpsrv1.c

#include “../unp.h”

#include <time.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

int listenfd, connfd;

socklen_t len;

struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;

char buff[MAX_LINE];

time_t ticks;

listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

servaddr.sin_port = htons(13);

Bind(listenfd, (SA *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

Listen(listenfd, LISTENQ);

for (;;) {

len = sizeof(cliaddr);

connfd = Accept(listenfd, (SA *)&cliaddr, &len);

printf(“connection from %s, port %d\n”,

Inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, buff, sizeof(buff)),

ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));

ticks = time(NULL);

snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), “%.24s\r\n”, ctime(&ticks));

Write(connfd, buff, strlen(buff));

Close(connfd);

}

}

编译:

cc -o daytimetcpsrv1 daytimetcpsrv1.c -lunp

运行一下:

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpsrv1 &

[1] 22106

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4#

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpcli

usage: a.out <IPaddress>

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpcli 127.0.0.1

connection from 127.0.0.1, port 42064

Fri Aug 21 23:03:56 2009

root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# netstat -nt

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:13 127.0.0.1:42064 TIME_WAIT
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