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<2012 12 06> FL2440开发板的U-boot-2010.09版本移植(九)NAND Flash启动支持的一种新型方法,利用U-Boot自带nand_spl/nand_boot.c

2012-12-06 15:23 573 查看
本文所介绍的方法不同于网络上所能检索到的绝大多数基于vivi的nandflash启动方法(正像第七节说明的那样),它不需要写任何关于代码复制的内容(不需要修改start.S),而是利用u-boot自带的程序(nand_spl/nand_boot.c)。因此可以说,该方法更能保持u-boot的一致性和完成性。

由于价格的原因,相对于norflash,nandflash对于存储大容量的数据来说更具有优势。但是程序不能直接在nandflash上运行,因此s3c2440提供了一个机制,即系统会自动把nandflash中前4k的内容复制到名为“Steppingstone”的内部SRAM中,利用这段SRAM,程序员需要再把程序复制到其余的SRAM中,然后运行刚刚复制到SRAM中的程序。

本文就介绍如何使u-boot在nandflash中启动,该工作原理类似于u-boot-2011.06自带的smdk6400开发板的nandflash启动过程,即最终生成的烧写文件为u-boot-nand.bin,它是由两个文件组成的:

nand_spl/ u-boot-spl-16k.bin+ u-boot.bin = u-boot-nand.bin

u-boot-spl-16k.bin文件的大小正好为4k,系统启动后,这4k的内容自动复制到Steppingstone中u-boot-spl-16k.bin在完成必要的硬件初始化后,复制u-boot.bin文件到指定的内存中,然后运行已经复制到内存中的u-boot.bin文件。

下面就具体讲解移植的过程:

1、boards.cfg

在该文件内去掉下面语句:

zhaocj2440 arm arm920t - samsung s3c24x0

2、Makefile

在该文件内的第1050行左右添加下面语句:

#########################################################################

## ARM920T Systems

#########################################################################

zhaocj2440_config :      unconfig
@mkdir-p $(obj)include $(obj)board/samsung/zhaocj2440
@mkdir-p $(obj)nand_spl/board/samsung/zhaocj2440
@echo"#define CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT" > $(obj)include/config.h
@echo"CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT = y" >> $(obj)include/config.mk
@echo"RAM_TEXT = 0x33000000" >>$(obj)board/samsung/zhaocj2440/config.tmp
@$(MKCONFIG)zhaocj2440 arm arm920t - samsung s3c24x0
@echo"CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT = y" >> $(obj)include/config.mk


3、board/samsung/zhaocj2440/

在该目录下创建config.mk文件,内容为:

sinclude$(OBJTREE)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.tmp
ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL
CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE =$(RAM_TEXT)
else
CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE = 0
endif


4、nand_spl/board/Samsung/

在该目录下创建zhaocj2440目录,并在zhaocj2440目录下再创建config.mk,Makefile,和u-boot.lds这三个文件,内容分别为:

config.mk文件:

include$(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.mk

# PAD_TO used to generate a 4kByte binaryneeded for the combined image

# -> PAD_TO = CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE +4096

PAD_TO :=$(shell expr $$[$(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE) + 4096])

ifeq ($(debug),1)

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -DDEBUG

endif


Makefile文件:

CONFIG_NAND_SPL   = y

include $(TOPDIR)/config.mk

include$(TOPDIR)/nand_spl/board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.mk

nandobj   :=$(OBJTREE)/nand_spl/

LDSCRIPT=$(TOPDIR)/nand_spl/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds

LDFLAGS := -T $(nandobj)u-boot.lds -Ttext$(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE) $(LDFLAGS) \

$(LDFLAGS_FINAL)

AFLAGS +=-DCONFIG_NAND_SPL

CFLAGS +=-DCONFIG_NAND_SPL

SOBJS    =start.o lowlevel_init.o

COBJS    =nand_boot.o s3c2440_nand.o

SRCS      :=$(addprefix $(obj),$(SOBJS:.o=.S) $(COBJS:.o=.c))

OBJS      :=$(addprefix $(obj),$(SOBJS) $(COBJS))

__OBJS  :=$(SOBJS) $(COBJS)

LNDIR    :=$(nandobj)board/$(BOARDDIR)

ALL =$(nandobj)u-boot-spl $(nandobj)u-boot-spl.bin $(nandobj)u-boot-spl-16k.bin

all:   $(obj).depend$(ALL)

$(nandobj)u-boot-spl-16k.bin:$(nandobj)u-boot-spl

$(OBJCOPY)${OBJCFLAGS} --pad-to=$(PAD_TO) -O binary $< $@

$(nandobj)u-boot-spl.bin:      $(nandobj)u-boot-spl

$(OBJCOPY)${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< $@

$(nandobj)u-boot-spl:    $(OBJS) $(nandobj)u-boot.lds

cd$(LNDIR) && $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(__OBJS) \

-Map$(nandobj)u-boot-spl.map \

-o$(nandobj)u-boot-spl

$(nandobj)u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT)

$(CPP)$(CPPFLAGS) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi -D__ASSEMBLY__ -P - <$^ >$@

# create symbolic links for common files

# from cpu directory

$(obj)start.S:

@rm-f $@

@ln-s $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S $@

# from board directory

$(obj)lowlevel_init.S:

@rm-f $@

@ln-s $(TOPDIR)/board/samsung/zhaocj2440/lowlevel_init.S $@

# from nand_spl directory

$(obj)nand_boot.c:

@rm-f $@

@ln-s $(TOPDIR)/nand_spl/nand_boot.c $@

$(obj)s3c2440_nand.c:

@rm-f $@

@ln-s $(TOPDIR)/drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c$@

#########################################################################

$(obj)%.o:      $(obj)%.S

$(CC)$(AFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

$(obj)%.o:      $(obj)%.c

$(CC)$(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

# defines $(obj).depend target

include $(SRCTREE)/rules.mk

sinclude $(obj).depend

#########################################################################


u-boot.lds文件:

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm","elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm")

OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)

ENTRY(_start)

SECTIONS

{

.= 0x00000000;

.= ALIGN(4);

.text      :

{

start.o  (.text)

nand_boot.o       (.text)

*(.text)

}

.= ALIGN(4);

.rodata: { *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(.rodata*))) }

.= ALIGN(4);

.data: { *(.data) }

.= ALIGN(4);

.got: { *(.got) }

__u_boot_cmd_start= .;

.u_boot_cmd: { *(.u_boot_cmd) }

__u_boot_cmd_end= .;

.= ALIGN(4);

.rel.dyn: {

__rel_dyn_start= .;

*(.rel*)

__rel_dyn_end= .;

}

.dynsym: {

__dynsym_start= .;

*(.dynsym)

}

_end= .;

.bss__rel_dyn_start (OVERLAY) : {

__bss_start= .;

*(.bss)

.= ALIGN(4);

__bss_end__= .;

}

}


5、arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.s

在该文件内修改下列内容,其中红色标记的代码为需要修改的部分(仅是增加了CONFIG_NAND_SPL这个配置开关):

.globl _start

_start:     b     start_code

#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL            // by zhaocj

ldr   pc, _undefined_instruction

ldr   pc, _software_interrupt

ldr   pc, _prefetch_abort

ldr   pc, _data_abort

ldr   pc, _not_used

ldr   pc, _irq

ldr   pc, _fiq

_undefined_instruction:  .word undefined_instruction

_software_interrupt:      .word software_interrupt

_prefetch_abort:     .word prefetch_abort

_data_abort:           .word data_abort

_not_used:             .wordnot_used

_irq:                     .wordirq

_fiq:                     .wordfiq

_pad:                    .word 0x12345678 //by zhaocj   start

#else

. = _start + 64

#endif            //by zhaocj   end

.balignl16,0xdeadbeef

…………

/* Set stackpointer in internal RAM to callboard_init_f */

#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL            //by zhaocj

call_board_init_f:

ldr   sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)

bic   sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABIcompliance */

ldr   r0,=0x00000000

bl    board_init_f

…………

blcoloured_LED_init

blred_LED_on

#endif

#endif // by zhaocj

/*

* We are done. Do notreturn, instead branch to second part of board

* initialization, nowrunning from RAM.

*/

#ifdef CONFIG_NAND_SPL

ldr   sp,=0x33200000  //by zhaocj

ldr     r0, _nand_boot_ofs

mov pc, r0

_nand_boot_ofs:

.wordnand_boot

…………

mov lr, ip

mov pc, lr

#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT */

#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL                   //by zhaocj

/*

*************************************************************************

*

* Interrupt handling

*

*************************************************************************

*/

@

@ IRQ stack frame.

@

#define S_FRAME_SIZE      72

…………

fiq:

get_bad_stack

bad_save_user_regs

bl    do_fiq

#endif

#endif            //by zhaocj


6、include/configs/zhaocj2440.h

在该文件内修改下列内容:

注释掉下面语句:

#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x0

添加下面语句:

#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL

#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

#endif

注释掉下面语句:

#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE +0x080000)

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000

添加下面语句:

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_DST 0x33000000 /*NUB load-addr */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_START CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_DST /* NUB start-addr */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_OFFS (4 * 1024) /* Offset to RAM U-Boot image */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_SIZE 0x80000 /*Size of RAM U-Boot image */

/* NAND chip page size */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE 2048

/* NAND chip block size */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BLOCK_SIZE (128 * 1024)

/* NAND chip page per block count */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_COUNT 64

/* Location of the bad-block label */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BAD_BLOCK_POS 0

/* Extra address cycle for > 128MiB */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_5_ADDR_CYCLE

/* Size of the block protected by one OOB(Spare Area in Samsung terminology) */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE

/* Number of ECC bytes per OOB - S3C6400 calculates 4 bytes ECC in 1-bitmode */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES 4

/* Number of ECC-blocks per NAND page */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSTEPS (CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE / CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE)

/* Size of a single OOB region */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OOBSIZE 64

/* Number of ECC bytes per page */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCTOTAL (CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES *CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSTEPS)

/* ECC byte positions */

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCPOS {40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, \

48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, \

56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63}

/* Put environment copies after the end ofU-Boot owned RAM */

#define CONFIG_NAND_ENV_DST (0x33000000 + 0x80000)

#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x80000

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x4000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */

7、drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c

在该文件的第2156行(flash_init函数内)把size变量改为:

unsigned long size = 0x200000;

之所以要修改这里,是因为如果nandflash启动,那么系统是无法识别norflash的。为了能够让系统正常运行,修改这个变量是一个简单的办法。

通过以上7个步骤的修改,就完成了nandflash启动的移植,把编译好的u-boot-nand.bin烧写到nandflash中即可运行了。下面再简单描述一下它的工作原理:u-boot-nand.bin文件是由u-boot-spl-16k.bin文件和u-boot.bin文件组成,后两个文件是两个独立的文件,由编译器一次编译完成。之所以能生成两个独立的文件,依靠的是CONFIG_NAND_SPL这个变量。当定义了CONFIG_NAND_SPL时,编译的是u-boot-spl-16k.bin文件;没有定义CONFIG_NAND_SPL时,编译的是u-boot.bin文件。在u-boot-spl-16k.bin文件内,运行了nand_spl/nand_boot.c这个文件,它负责把u-boot.bin文件从nandflash中复制到以0x33000000为起始地址的一段内存中,复制完后,再让系统从0x33000000处开始运行,即运行u-boot.bin的内容。

source http://blog.csdn.net/zhaocj/article/details/7754083
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