控制文件管理

一：什么是控制文件
控制文件是一个二进制文件，记录数据库的物理结构，控制文件包括以下内容
1 数据库的名字
2 数据文件和重做日志文件两者的名字以及位置
3 数据库创建的时间戳
4 当前日志的序列号
5 检查点信息等
二：控制文件的备份
1 备份控制文件到一个二进制文件
alter database backup controlfile to '/backup/control.bkp';
2 产生能够重新创建控制文件的语句
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
三：dropping control files
方法一步骤：
1 更改数据库初始化参数中control_files 参数去掉不需要的控制文件。
2 重新启动数据库
-----------------------------------------------
方法二的步骤：
1 先由spfile 生成pfile，再更改pfile中控制文件部分
2 停止数据库
3 以pfile方式启动数据库
4 由pfile生成spfile
5 重新启动数据库
eg1 以方法一drop 控制文件control03.ctl
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
READ WRITE
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control03
.ctl
SQL> alter system set control_files='/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl','/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force open;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 322961408 bytes
Fixed Size 2020480 bytes
Variable Size 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl

eg2以方法二drop control03.ctl：
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control03
.ctl
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> host;
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /oracle/app/db1/dbs/
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ ls
01nkag44_1_1 02norgeq_1_1 04norgo6_1_1 control.sql hc_zx1.dat initCRM.ora initJIUJIANZX.ora initzx.ora lkDUMMY orapwCRM spfileERP.ora
01nootjp_1_1 03nkagdo_1_1 05npb63q_1_1 hc_CRM.dat hc_zx2.dat initdw.ora init.ora initZX.ora lkERP snapcf_CRM.f spfilejiujian.ora
01norgeh_1_1 03norgo2_1_1 06npb64k_1_1 hc_ERP.dat hc_zx.dat initERP.ora initzx1.ora lkCRM log1CRM.dbf spfileCRM.ora
02nkag5r_1_1 04nkagdt_1_1 07npb802_1_1 hc_jiujian.dat hc_ZX.dat initjiujian.ora initzx2.ora lkCRMTEST log2CRM.dbf spfileCRM.ora.bak
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initCRM.ora
*.control_files='/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl','/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.ctl'
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ grep control_files initCRM.ora
*.control_files='/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl','/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.ctl'
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='/oracle/app/db1/dbs/initCRM.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 322961408 bytes
Fixed Size 2020480 bytes
Variable Size 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> startup froce open;
SP2-0714: invalid combination of STARTUP options
SQL> startup force open;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 322961408 bytes
Fixed Size 2020480 bytes
Variable Size 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl
SQL>
四：Creating Additional Copies, Renaming, and Relocating Control Files
步骤：1 shutdown the database
2 使用操作系统命令拷贝已存在的控制文件到新的位置
3 更改control_files参数
4 重新启动数据库
eg ：创建数据文件的另一个拷贝control03.ctl
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cp /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control03.ctl
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 6 06:44:30 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 322961408 bytes
Fixed Size 2020480 bytes
Variable Size 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
SQL> alter system set control_files='/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl','/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.ctl','/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force open;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 322961408 bytes
Fixed Size 2020480 bytes
Variable Size 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl
, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.c
tl, /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control03
.ctl
五 创建controlfile
详见文章/article/4471853.html 本文出自 “myblog” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://jiujian.blog.51cto.com/444665/1052675