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基于LinkedHashMap实现LRU缓存调度算法原理及应用

2012-08-29 17:48 267 查看
在Android中实用LRU+软引用(弱引用)的方法来缓存图片,可以减少内存溢出的情况。

实现思路:

在把图片保存到LRU集合中的时候,同时保存在一个弱引用的集合之中,如果此元素被LRU算法删除,可能垃圾回收器还并没有回收,可以通过弱引用的集合获取到此引用。




public LinkedHashMap (int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder);


initialCapacity 初始容量


loadFactor 加载因子,一般是 0.75f


accessOrder false 基于插入顺序 true 基于访问顺序(get一个元素后,这个元素被加到最后,使用了LRU 最近最少被使用的调度算法)

当有新元素加入Map的时候会调用Entry的addEntry方法,会调用removeEldestEntry方法,这里就是实现LRU元素过期机制的地方,默认的情况下removeEldestEntry方法只返回false表示元素永远不过期。

如 boolean accessOrder = true;
Map<String, String> m = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(20, .80f, accessOrder );
m.put("1",
"my"));

m.put("2", "map"));

m.put("3", "test"));

m.get("1");

m.get("2");

Log.d("tag", m);

若 accessOrder == true; 输出 {3=test,
1=my, 2=map}

accessOrder
== false; 输出 {1=my, 2=map,3=test}

LinkedHashMap已经为我们自己实现LRU算法提供了便利。

LinkedHashMap继承了HashMap底层是通过Hash表+单向链表实现Hash算法,内部自己维护了一套元素访问顺序的列表。

Java代码



/**

* The head of the doubly linked list.

*/

private transient Entry<K,V> header;

.....

/**

* LinkedHashMap entry.

*/

private static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Entry<K,V> {

// These fields comprise the doubly linked list used for iteration.

Entry<K,V> before, after;

HashMap构造函数中回调了子类的init方法实现对元素初始化

Java代码



void init() {

header = new Entry<K,V>(-1, null, null, null);

header.before = header.after = header;

}

LinkedHashMap中有一个属性可以执行列表元素的排序算法

Java代码



/**

* The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt>

* for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.

*

* @serial

*/

private final boolean accessOrder;

注释已经写的很明白,accessOrder为true使用访问顺序排序,false使用插入顺序排序那么在哪里可以设置这个值。

Java代码



/**

* Constructs an empty <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with the

* specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.

*

* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity.

* @param loadFactor the load factor.

* @param accessOrder the ordering mode - <tt>true</tt> for

* access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.

* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative

* or the load factor is nonpositive.

*/

public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,

float loadFactor,

boolean accessOrder) {

super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);

this.accessOrder = accessOrder;

}

那么我们就行有访问顺序排序方式实现LRU,那么哪里LinkedHashMap是如何实现LRU的呢?

Java代码



//LinkedHashMap方法

public V get(Object key) {

Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)getEntry(key);

if (e == null)

return null;

e.recordAccess(this);

return e.value;

}

//HashMap方法

public V put(K key, V value) {

if (key == null)

return putForNullKey(value);

int hash = hash(key.hashCode());

int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);

for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {

Object k;

if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {

V oldValue = e.value;

e.value = value;

e.recordAccess(this);

return oldValue;

}

}

modCount++;

addEntry(hash, key, value, i);

return null;

}

当调用get或者put方法的时候,如果K-V已经存在,会回调Entry.recordAccess()方法

我们再看一下LinkedHashMap的Entry实现

Java代码



/**

* This method is invoked by the superclass whenever the value

* of a pre-existing entry is read by Map.get or modified by Map.set.

* If the enclosing Map is access-ordered, it moves the entry

* to the end of the list; otherwise, it does nothing.

*/

void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {

LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m;

if (lm.accessOrder) {

lm.modCount++;

remove();

addBefore(lm.header);

}

}

/**

* Remove this entry from the linked list.

*/

private void remove() {

before.after = after;

after.before = before;

}

/**

* Insert this entry before the specified existing entry in the list.

*/

private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) {

after = existingEntry;

before = existingEntry.before;

before.after = this;

after.before = this;

}

recordAccess方法会accessOrder为true会先调用remove清楚的当前首尾元素的指向关系,之后调用addBefore方法,将当前元素加入header之前。

当有新元素加入Map的时候会调用Entry的addEntry方法,会调用removeEldestEntry方法,这里就是实现LRU元素过期机制的地方,默认的情况下removeEldestEntry方法只返回false表示元素永远不过期。

Java代码



/**

* This override alters behavior of superclass put method. It causes newly

* allocated entry to get inserted at the end of the linked list and

* removes the eldest entry if appropriate.

*/

void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {

createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);

// Remove eldest entry if instructed, else grow capacity if appropriate

Entry<K,V> eldest = header.after;

if (removeEldestEntry(eldest)) {

removeEntryForKey(eldest.key);

} else {

if (size >= threshold)

resize(2 * table.length);

}

}

/**

* This override differs from addEntry in that it doesn't resize the

* table or remove the eldest entry.

*/

void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {

HashMap.Entry<K,V> old = table[bucketIndex];

Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, old);

table[bucketIndex] = e;

e.addBefore(header);

size++;

}

protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {

return false;

}

基本的原理已经介绍完了,那基于LinkedHashMap我们看一下是该如何实现呢?

Java代码



public static class LRULinkedHashMap<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {

/** serialVersionUID */

private static final long serialVersionUID = -5933045562735378538L;

/** 最大数据存储容量 */

private static final int LRU_MAX_CAPACITY = 1024;

/** 存储数据容量 */

private int capacity;

/**

* 默认构造方法

*/

public LRULinkedHashMap() {

super();

}

/**

* 带参数构造方法

* @param initialCapacity 容量

* @param loadFactor 装载因子

* @param isLRU 是否使用lru算法,true:使用(按方案顺序排序);false:不使用(按存储顺序排序)

*/

public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean isLRU) {

super(initialCapacity, loadFactor, true);

capacity = LRU_MAX_CAPACITY;

}

/**

* 带参数构造方法

* @param initialCapacity 容量

* @param loadFactor 装载因子

* @param isLRU 是否使用lru算法,true:使用(按方案顺序排序);false:不使用(按存储顺序排序)

* @param lruCapacity lru存储数据容量

*/

public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean isLRU, int lruCapacity) {

super(initialCapacity, loadFactor, true);

this.capacity = lruCapacity;

}

/**

* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry)

*/

@Override

protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Entry<K, V> eldest) {

System.out.println(eldest.getKey() + "=" + eldest.getValue());

if(size() > capacity) {

return true;

}

return false;

}

}

测试代码:

Java代码



public static void main(String[] args) {

LinkedHashMap<String, String> map = new LRULinkedHashMap<String, String>(16, 0.75f, true);

map.put("a", "a"); //a a

map.put("b", "b"); //a a b

map.put("c", "c"); //a a b c

map.put("a", "a"); // b c a

map.put("d", "d"); //b b c a d

map.put("a", "a"); // b c d a

map.put("b", "b"); // c d a b

map.put("f", "f"); //c c d a b f

map.put("g", "g"); //c c d a b f g

map.get("d"); //c a b f g d

for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.print(entry.getValue() + ", ");

}

System.out.println();

map.get("a"); //c b f g d a

for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.print(entry.getValue() + ", ");

}

System.out.println();

map.get("c"); //b f g d a c

for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.print(entry.getValue() + ", ");

}

System.out.println();

map.get("b"); //f g d a c b

for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.print(entry.getValue() + ", ");

}

System.out.println();

map.put("h", "h"); //f f g d a c b h

for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.print(entry.getValue() + ", ");

}

System.out.println();

}

运行结果:

a=a

a=a

a=a

b=b

c=c

c=c

c, a, b, f, g, d,

c, b, f, g, d, a,

b, f, g, d, a, c,

f, g, d, a, c, b,

f=f

f, g, d, a, c, b, h,
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