每日英语：Inside China, Getting Rich Isn't Always So Glorious

Decades ago, China's Deng Xiaoping is said to have energized the nation's capitalists by declaring: 'To get rich is glorious.'
energized：激励，使...通电，激励的，通电的　　　　capitalist：资本家，资本主义者
Turns out that really meant: 'Get rich and you'll get audited.'
audited：受审查的，受审计的，审计，旁听
Entrepreneurs who make it big and land on well-publicized rich lists in China are more likely to draw government scrutiny, some new research shows. That can be costly -- to the business and the entrepreneur. And while plenty of highfliers in the business elite still easily avoid this sort of problem, the finding highlights the troubling forces at work in China's complex, and evolving, business culture.
Entrepreneur：企业家，倡导者，主办人　　　　land on：猛烈抨击，登陆，着陆　　　　scrutiny：详细审查，监视，细看

highflier：高飞的人，好高骛远者

The unleashing of capitalist animal spirits transformed China in a single generation, enfranchising hundreds of millions with new economic power. It also gave rise to widespread corruption, expanded income inequality and deepened suspicion among the masses toward the newly rich.
unleashing：发动，不受约束，自由自在，放荡不羁　　　　　　enfranchising：给予自治权，选举权，解放，释放

corruption：贪污，腐败，堕落　　　　　　income inequality：收入不均，收入差距
Just under 1% of households globally control nearly 40% of the world's private financial wealth, according to the Boston Consulting Group. In China, where nearly half the population is still rural, just under 1% of households control more than 70% of the nation's private financial wealth, BCG estimated in 2008. Surveys of public opinion regularly place corruption and income inequality at the top of Chinese concerns.

Two factors especially feed the problem. Chinese state-owned and affiliated enterprises -- the moneymaking machinery of the Communist Party -- account for about half of China's nonagricultural GDP. That concentration of commercial power keeps business and markets from behaving normally. Instead, the leaders of nonstate companies do the logical thing: They seek out officials to trade favors.
affiliated：附属的，有关联的
Or they're connected to begin with. The Hurun Report, based in Shanghai, tracks the nation's wealthy and calculates that there were a record 271 billionaires (in U.S. dollars) in China in 2011. A third of the top 50 and five of the top 10 hold official political positions, the report says. 'The richer they are, the more political positions they have,' it adds.And, at times, vice versa.
vice versa：反之亦然
'State intervention and government ownership are the causes of China's inequality,' writes Zhang Weiying, an economist at Peking University. It encourages 'official corruption and the collusion between the government and business.'
intervention：干预，介入，调停，妨碍　　　　　　　　collusion：勾结，合谋，串通舞弊
Another problem: The well-known difficulty of getting recourse through Chinese law.
recourse：求援，求助，追索权，依赖
Two professors from the City University of Hong Kong and University of California at Irvine examined decisions made by the Shanghai Courts. When a Chinese government agency took on a farmer, individual or company, it won 100%, 92%, and 94% of the time, respectively. When a government company tangled with an individual or company, it won 90% and 86% of the time.
tangle with：与...吵架，与...争论，卷入纠纷
'Many entrepreneurs have given up on gaining wealth from normal business activities,' writes Andy Xie, a former Morgan Stanley economist. 'Instead they rely on cultivating special relationships with government agencies or state-owned enterprises to gain special advantages.'

Public dissatisfaction 'is not about who is rich, but about how one becomes rich,' he continues. 'Chinese people suspect that most riches in China are ill-gotten.'
ill-gotten：非法获得的，不正当得到的
Oliver Rui, a professor at China Europe International Business School in Shanghai, who received his M.B.A. and Ph.D. in finance from the University of Houston, wondered how public sentiment and publicity affect the wealthy and their businesses.

public sentiment：公众意见，公众情绪　　　　publicity：宣传，宣扬，公开，广告，注意　　　　　　
He and two colleagues looked at the publicly listed companies affiliated with individuals appearing on the much-publicized Hurun Rich List from 1999 to 2007. They found that on average the share prices of the companies declined in the days and months following publication of the list.
share prices：股票价格　　　　
The companies also reported a decline in subsidies from the government. And individuals on the Rich List were more likely to be investigated or arrested by the government -- a 17% likelihood compared with 6.8% for entrepreneurs not on the list, the research showed.
subsidy：补贴，津贴，补助金　　　　
In an interview, Mr. Rui says the government may cut subsidies because it doesn't want public condemnation for supporting the evidently wealthy. The share prices may drop because investors fear the new publicity will draw negative government attention, he adds, and investigations may ensue because they're warranted.
condemnation：谴责，定罪，征用　　　　　ensue：跟着发生，接着发生，追求　　　　　warranted：批准，授权，保证的，担保的
'For entrepreneurs who got rich overnight, there must be a lot of under-the-table transactions,' says Mr. Rui, reflecting public opinion.

Mr. Rui's research is of a select universe. But the Rich List has come to be known in certain business circles as the 'Death List.'

All this is another reminder of the thicket that foreign companies must navigate in China. High-profile Chinese partners can land a foreign firm on the wrong side not just of Chinese law, but of U.S. or European law too. Alexandra Wrage, the head of Trace International, a U.S. nonprofit that does due diligence for U.S. firms seeking tie-ups abroad, says 'there's disproportionate interest in China.'
navigate：航行，航空，驾驶，操纵，使通过　　　　High-profile：高调的，备受瞩目的，知名度高的　　　　diligence：勤奋，勤勉，努力

tie-up：联合，联系，协作　　　　due diligence：尽职调查，严格评估
The good news: 260 companies in China, hoping to woo business from foreigners, are active members of the Trace compliance program. That is up from 35 in 2006.

woo：追求，招致，求爱，恳求　　　　　　compliance：顺从，服从，承诺
The bad news: That is a drop in the vast ocean of Chinese companies. And many of the rest believe that getting rich, no matter how you do it, is indeed glorious.