9.用户接口UI布局----View控件的概述之ViewGroup

1.LinearLayout 线性布局（主要分为水平和垂直线性布局）


android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"

[b]fill_parent会使得android:layout_weight="1" 分配的比重均衡[/b]

[b]android:gravity 表示子控件对齐方式或是内容文本的对齐方式[/b]

[b]// [b]horizontal表示垂直线性布局[/b][/b]

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"　　
android:background="#FF0000"
android:orientation="horizontal" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:text="@string/hello" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv1"
android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#00FF00"
android:ellipsize="marquee"
android:focusable="true"
android:focusableInTouchMode="true"
android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
android:singleLine="true"
android:text="@string/textView1"
android:textSize="20sp" />
</LinearLayout>

[b][b]//[/b][/b][b][b] [b]vertical[/b][/b][b][b][b]表示水平线性布局[/b][/b][/b][/b]

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<EditText
android:id="@+id/edtxt"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/shap"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/title"
android:hint="@string/hello"
android:inputType="phone" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#FF0000"
android:text="点偶" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#FF0000"
android:text="点偶222" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/callbutton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#FF0000"
android:text="点偶打电话" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/smsbutton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#FF0000"
android:text="点偶发短信" />
</LinearLayout>

2.AbsoluteLayout 绝对布局

[b][b][b]android:layout_x="1px"
android:layout_y="30px"[/b][/b][/b]

[b][b][b]用于定位[/b][/b][/b]

<AbsoluteLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:clayout_weight="1">
<AutoCompleteTextView
android:id="@+id/hello11"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="1px"
android:layout_y="30px"
android:text="@string/helloSecond" />
</AbsoluteLayout>

3.FrameLayout框架布局（加入的控件可以层叠）

android:layout_gravity 用于定位

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="top"
android:text="@string/helloSecond" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/helloSecondet"
android:hint="@string/helloSecond"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="phone"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/title"
android:imeActionLabel="wwwwwwww"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/rtnbtn"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="点偶返回" />
</FrameLayout>

4.RelativeLayout相对布局
子控件位置相关：android:layout_toRightOf

[b]子控件距离相关：android:layout_margin="10dp"
子控件与父控件位置相关：android:layout_alignParentBottom[/b]

[b]对齐相关：android:layout_alignBaseline[/b]

<RelativeLayout >
<TextView android:id="@+id/tt1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="ThirdActivity6"

android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="DatePickerDialog"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tt1"
android:onClick="showDatePickerDialog" android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/tt1"/>
</RelativeLayout>

5.TableLayout 表格布局

隐藏指定列用逗号隔开：android:collapseColumns

[b]扩张指定列（留有空白的话）：android:stretchColumns[/b]

[b][b][b][b]收缩指定列（换行）适应屏幕：[/b]android:shrinkColumns[/b][/b][/b]

<TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:collapseColumns="3"
android:stretchColumns="1"
android:shrinkColumns="2"
>

<TableRow >
<DatePicker
android:id="@+id/dp"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"

/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="ThirdActivity2"
/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="ThirdActivity3"
/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="ThirdActivity4"
/></TableRow>

6.ListView (is a view group that displays a list of scrollable items.)

java.lang.Object
android.view.View
android.view.ViewGroup
android.widget.AdapterView<T extends android.widget.Adapter>
android.widget.AbsListView
android.widget.ListView

6.1 ArrayAdapter

// layout/list.xml

[b]android:list 名字不能改变 [/b]

android:empty [b][b]名字不能改变 传入的数组或list为空数据时显示，注意不能传入null[/b][/b]

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ListView android:id="@id/android:list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

</ListView>
<TextView
android:id="@id/android:empty"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="编号"
android:background="#0000FF" />

</LinearLayout>

// Myactivity （extends ListActivity）

可以不需要setContentView()，则使用默认的layout

android:scrollingCache="false" 拖动背景改变去使能
android:divider="" 间隔

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.list);
// Get the string array
String[] countries = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);
ListAdapter adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,countries);
setListAdapter(adapter);
Log.i(TAG, "ThirdActivity-->onCreate");
}

// values/strings.xml

<string-array name="planets_array">
<item>Mercury</item>
<item>Venus</item>
<item>Earth</item>
<item>Mars</item>
<item>Jupiter</item>
<item>Saturn</item>
<item>Uranus</item>
<item>Neptune</item>
</string-array>

6.2 SimpleAdapter

[b]// layout/copy.xml[/b]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/id"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="编号"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="姓名"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/gender"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="性别"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
</LinearLayout>
<ListView android:id="@id/android:list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" ></ListView>
</LinearLayout>

[b]// layout/[b]list_item.xml[/b][/b]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/id"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="编号"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="姓名"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/gender"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="性别"
android:background="#0000FF"
android:layout_weight="1 " />

</LinearLayout>

[b]// Myactivity （extends ListActivity） [/b]

setContentView(R.layout.copy);

ListAdapter adapter1=new SimpleAdapter(this,getData(),R.layout.list_item,

new String[]{"id","name","gender"},
new int[]{R.id.id,R.id.name,R.id.gender});
// setListAdapter(adapter);

setListAdapter(adapter1);

(

private List<Map<String, Object>> getData()
{
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();

Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("id", "G1");
map.put("name", "google 1");
map.put("gender", "男");
list.add(map);

map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("id", "G2");
map.put("name", "google 2");
map.put("gender", "女");
list.add(map);
return list;
}

)

6.3 SimpleCursorAdapter

Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(People.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);
startManagingCursor(cursor);

ListAdapter listAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.list_item,
cursor, new String[]{People._ID,People.NAME,People.NUMBER},
new int[]{R.id.id,R.id.name,R.id.gender});
//setListAdapter(adapter1);
setListAdapter(listAdapter);

Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(People.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);先获得一个指向系统通讯录数据库的Cursor对象获得数据来源。

　startManagingCursor(cursor);我们将获得的Cursor对象交由Activity管理，这样Cursor的生命周期和Activity便能够自动同步，省去自己手动管理Cursor。

需要在AndroidManifest.xml中如权限：<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>

7 GridView

java.lang.Object
android.view.View
android.view.ViewGroup
android.widget.AdapterView<T extends android.widget.Adapter>

android.widget.AbsListView
android.widget.AbsListViewandroid.widget.GridView

// layout/grid.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<GridView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/gridview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:columnWidth="90dp"
android:numColumns="auto_fit"
android:verticalSpacing="10dp"
android:horizontalSpacing="10dp"
android:stretchMode="columnWidth"
android:gravity="center"
/>

// ayout/grid_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="6dp"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/id"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:scaleType="fitXY"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:padding="4dp"
android:background="#0000FF" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tite"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:padding="4dp"
android:background="#0000FF"/>

</LinearLayout>

// MyActivity.java

onCreate片段

setContentView(R.layout.grid);
GridView gridview = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridview);
gridview.setAdapter(new ImageAdapter(this, getData()));

gridview.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id) {
Toast.makeText(GridViewDemoActivity.this, "" + position, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

list方法

private List<Map<String, Object>> getData()
{
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();

Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G0");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_0);
list.add(map);

map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G1");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_1);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G2");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_2);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G3");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_3);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G4");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_4);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G5");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_5);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G6");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_6);
list.add(map);
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title", "G7");
map.put("imageid", R.drawable.sample_7);
list.add(map
return list;
}

内部类三部曲

class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter{

private Context context;
private List<Image> images;
private LayoutInflater inflater;

public ImageAdapter(Context context, List<Map<String, Object>> list) {
super();
this.context=context;
images=getImages(list);
inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}

private List<Image> getImages(List<Map<String, Object>> list) {
List<Image> images=new ArrayList<Image>();
for(Map<String, Object> map:list){

images.add(new Image(map.get("title").toString(), Integer.parseInt(map.get("imageid").toString())));
}
return images;
}

public int getCount() {

return images.size();
}

public Image getItem(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return images.get(position);
}

public long getItemId(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return position;
}

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
if (convertView==null) {
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.grid_item, null);
viewHolder.title=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tite);
viewHolder.image=(ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.id);
convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
}else{
viewHolder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
viewHolder.title.setText(images.get(position).getTitle());
viewHolder.image.setImageResource(images.get(position).getImageId());
return convertView;
}

}

　　

class Image{
private String title;
private int  imageId;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
public void setImageId(int imageid) {
this.imageId = imageid;
}
public Image(String title,int  imageid){
this.title=title;
this.imageId=imageid;
}
}

　　

class ViewHolder{
TextView title;
ImageView image;

}