C# 实现对硬件的控制

因为C#自身对硬件的操作基本为零，为此，搜索了一下MSDN中与设备相关的API函数。还果然就有。下面一一列举出各函数的原型及相关的说明文档。并将其转为C#代码实现。

　　函数一： RegisterDeviceNotification

功能：注册设备或者设备类型，在指定的窗口返回相关的信息

　　原型：

　　HDEVNOTIFY WINAPI RegisterDeviceNotification(

__in HANDLE hRecipient,

__in LPVOID NotificationFilter,

__in DWORD Flags

);

　　参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363431.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码为：

　　 [DllImport(“user32.dll“, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern IntPtr RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr hRecipient, DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE NotificationFilter, UInt32 Flags);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE

...{

public int dbcc_size;

public int dbcc_devicetype;

public int dbcc_reserved;

}

　　

函数二：UnregisterDeviceNotification

功能：通过名柄，关闭指定设备的信息。(主要应用于清理非托管资源，并与RegisterDeviceNotification配对使用)

　　原型：

　　BOOL WINAPI UnregisterDeviceNotification(

__in HDEVNOTIFY Handle

);

　　参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363475(VS.85).aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“user32.dll“, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern uint UnregisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr hHandle);

　　函数三：SetupDiGetClassDevs

功能：获取一个指定类别或全部类别的所有已安装设备的信息。

　　原型：

　　HDEVINFO SetupDiGetClassDevs( IN LPGUID ClassGuid, OPTIONAL
IN PCTSTR Enumerator, OPTIONAL IN HWND hwndParent, OPTIONAL IN DWORD Flags );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792959.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, SetLastError = true)]

public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid gClass, UInt32 iEnumerator, IntPtr hParent, UInt32 nFlags);

　　函数四：SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList

功能：销毁一个设备信息集合，并且释放所有关联的内存。

　　原型：

　　WINSETUPAPI BOOL WINAPI SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList( IN HDEVINFO
DeviceInfoSet );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792991.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, SetLastError = true)]

public static extern int SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr lpInfoSet);

　　函数五：SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo

功能：枚举指定设备信息集合的成员，并将数据放在SP_DEVINFO_DATA中。

　　原型：

　　WINSETUPAPI BOOL WINAPI SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(

IN HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,

IN DWORD MemberIndex,

OUT PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792983.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, SetLastError = true)]

public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr lpInfoSet, UInt32 dwIndex, SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData);

/**//// 〈summary〉

/// 设备信息数据

/// 〈/summary〉

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA

...{

public int cbSize;

public Guid classGuid;

public int devInst;

public ulong reserved;

};

函数六：SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty

功能：获取指定设备的属性。

　　原型：

　　WINSETUPAPI BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(

IN HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,

IN PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData,

IN DWORD Property,

OUT PDWORD PropertyRegDataType,

OPTIONAL OUT PBYTE PropertyBuffer,

IN DWORD PropertyBufferSize,

OUT PDWORD RequiredSize OPTIONAL );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792967.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, SetLastError = true)]

public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(IntPtr lpInfoSet, SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData, UInt32 Property, UInt32 PropertyRegDataType, StringBuilder PropertyBuffer, UInt32 PropertyBufferSize, IntPtr RequiredSize);

　　函数七：SetupDiSetClassInstallParams

功能：停用设备。

　　原型：

　　WINSETUPAPI BOOL WINAPI

SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(

IN HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,

IN PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData,

OPTIONAL IN PSP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER ClassInstallParams,

OPTIONAL IN DWORD ClassInstallParamsSize );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792876.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern bool SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, IntPtr DeviceInfoData, IntPtr ClassInstallParams, int ClassInstallParamsSize);

　　函数八：SetupDiCallClassInstaller

功能：启用设备。

　　原型：

　　WINSETUPAPI BOOL WINAPI

SetupDiCallClassInstaller(

IN DI_FUNCTION InstallFunction,

IN HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,

IN PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData OPTIONAL );

参考说明文档：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792989.aspx。

　　转为C#后的代码：

　　 [DllImport(“setupapi.dll“, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern Boolean SetupDiCallClassInstaller(UInt32 InstallFunction, IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, IntPtr DeviceInfoData);

我们掌握了我们所需要的相关API知识点。为此，我们现在来构建我们自己的外部调用类：Externs。该处不再一一说明相关的函数知识点。

下面是该类的代码：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Hardware

...{

/**//// <summary>

/// 下列所需函数可参考MSDN中与驱动程序相关的API函数

/// </summary>

public class Externs

...{

public const int DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = (0x00000004);

public const int DIGCF_PRESENT = (0x00000002);

public const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1;

public const int SPDRP_DEVICEDESC = (0x00000000);

public const int MAX_DEV_LEN = 1000;

public const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE = (0x00000000);

public const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_SERVICE_HANDLE = (0x00000001);

public const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES = (0x00000004);

public const int DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE = (0x00000005);

public const int DBT_DEVNODES_CHANGED = (0x0007);

public const int WM_DEVICECHANGE = (0x0219);

public const int DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE = (0x00000012);

public const int DICS_FLAG_GLOBAL = (0x00000001);

public const int DICS_FLAG_CONFIGSPECIFIC = (0x00000002);

public const int DICS_ENABLE = (0x00000001);

public const int DICS_DISABLE = (0x00000002);

/**//// <summary>

/// 注册设备或者设备类型，在指定的窗口返回相关的信息

/// </summary>

/// <param name="hRecipient"></param>

/// <param name="NotificationFilter"></param>

/// <param name="Flags"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern IntPtr RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr hRecipient, DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE NotificationFilter, UInt32 Flags);

/**//// <summary>

/// 通过名柄，关闭指定设备的信息。

/// </summary>

/// <param name="hHandle"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern uint UnregisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr hHandle);

/**//// <summary>

/// 获取一个指定类别或全部类别的所有已安装设备的信息

/// </summary>

/// <param name="gClass"></param>

/// <param name="iEnumerator"></param>

/// <param name="hParent"></param>

/// <param name="nFlags"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid gClass, UInt32 iEnumerator, IntPtr hParent, UInt32 nFlags);

/**//// <summary>

/// 销毁一个设备信息集合，并且释放所有关联的内存

/// </summary>

/// <param name="lpInfoSet"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

public static extern int SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr lpInfoSet);

/**//// <summary>

/// 枚举指定设备信息集合的成员，并将数据放在SP_DEVINFO_DATA中

/// </summary>

/// <param name="lpInfoSet"></param>

/// <param name="dwIndex"></param>

/// <param name="devInfoData"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr lpInfoSet, UInt32 dwIndex, SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData);

/**//// <summary>

/// 获取指定设备的属性

/// </summary>

/// <param name="lpInfoSet"></param>

/// <param name="DeviceInfoData"></param>

/// <param name="Property"></param>

/// <param name="PropertyRegDataType"></param>

/// <param name="PropertyBuffer"></param>

/// <param name="PropertyBufferSize"></param>

/// <param name="RequiredSize"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(IntPtr lpInfoSet, SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData, UInt32 Property, UInt32 PropertyRegDataType, StringBuilder PropertyBuffer, UInt32 PropertyBufferSize, IntPtr RequiredSize);

/**//// <summary>

/// 停用设备

/// </summary>

/// <param name="DeviceInfoSet"></param>

/// <param name="DeviceInfoData"></param>

/// <param name="ClassInstallParams"></param>

/// <param name="ClassInstallParamsSize"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern bool SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, IntPtr DeviceInfoData, IntPtr ClassInstallParams, int ClassInstallParamsSize);

/**//// <summary>

/// 启用设备

/// </summary>

/// <param name="InstallFunction"></param>

/// <param name="DeviceInfoSet"></param>

/// <param name="DeviceInfoData"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

public static extern Boolean SetupDiCallClassInstaller(UInt32 InstallFunction, IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, IntPtr DeviceInfoData);

/**//// <summary>

/// RegisterDeviceNotification所需参数

/// </summary>

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public struct DEV_BROADCAST_HANDLE

...{

public int dbch_size;

public int dbch_devicetype;

public int dbch_reserved;

public IntPtr dbch_handle;

public IntPtr dbch_hdevnotify;

public Guid dbch_eventguid;

public long dbch_nameoffset;

public byte dbch_data;

public byte dbch_data1;

}

// WM_DEVICECHANGE message

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE

...{

public int dbcc_size;

public int dbcc_devicetype;

public int dbcc_reserved;

}

/**//// <summary>

/// 设备信息数据

/// </summary>

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA

...{

public int cbSize;

public Guid classGuid;

public int devInst;

public ulong reserved;

};

/**//// <summary>

/// 属性变更参数

/// </summary>

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS

...{

public SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER ClassInstallHeader = new SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER();

public int StateChange;

public int Scope;

public int HwProfile;

};

/**//// <summary>

/// 设备安装

/// </summary>

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_DEVINSTALL_PARAMS

...{

public int cbSize;

public int Flags;

public int FlagsEx;

public IntPtr hwndParent;

public IntPtr InstallMsgHandler;

public IntPtr InstallMsgHandlerContext;

public IntPtr FileQueue;

public IntPtr ClassInstallReserved;

public int Reserved;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]

public string DriverPath;

};

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER

...{

public int cbSize;

public int InstallFunction;

};

}

}

在完成了该类后，我们还需要写一个对硬件操作与获取的操作类HardwareClass。

下面为它的完整代码：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Hardware

...{

public class HardwareClass

...{

属性#region 属性

/**//// <summary>

/// 返回所有硬件信息列表

/// </summary>

/// <returns></returns>

public string[] List

...{

get

...{

List<string> HWList = new List<string>();

try

...{

Guid myGUID = System.Guid.Empty;

IntPtr hDevInfo = Externs.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref myGUID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, Externs.DIGCF_ALLCLASSES | Externs.DIGCF_PRESENT);

if (hDevInfo.ToInt32() == Externs.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

...{

throw new Exception("Invalid Handle");

}

Externs.SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData;

DeviceInfoData = new Externs.SP_DEVINFO_DATA();

DeviceInfoData.cbSize = 28;

DeviceInfoData.devInst = 0;

DeviceInfoData.classGuid = System.Guid.Empty;

DeviceInfoData.reserved = 0;

UInt32 i;

StringBuilder DeviceName = new StringBuilder("");

DeviceName.Capacity = Externs.MAX_DEV_LEN;

for (i = 0; Externs.SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hDevInfo, i, DeviceInfoData); i++)

...{

while (!Externs.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(hDevInfo, DeviceInfoData, Externs.SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, 0, DeviceName, Externs.MAX_DEV_LEN, IntPtr.Zero))

...{

//Skip

}

HWList.Add(DeviceName.ToString());

}

Externs.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);

}

catch (Exception ex)

...{

throw new Exception("枚举设备列表出错", ex);

}

return HWList.ToArray();

}

}

#endregion

公共事件#region 公共事件

/**//// <summary>

/// 清理非托管资源

/// </summary>

/// <param name="callback"></param>

public void Dispose(IntPtr callback)

...{

try

...{

Externs.UnregisterDeviceNotification(callback);

}

catch

...{

}

}

/**//// <summary>

/// 设置指定设备的状态

/// </summary>

/// <param name="match">设备名称</param>

/// <param name="bEnable">是否启用</param>

/// <returns></returns>

public bool SetState(string[] match, bool bEnable)

...{

try

...{

Guid myGUID = System.Guid.Empty;

IntPtr hDevInfo = Externs.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref myGUID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, Externs.DIGCF_ALLCLASSES | Externs.DIGCF_PRESENT);

if (hDevInfo.ToInt32() == Externs.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

...{

return false;

}

Externs.SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData;

DeviceInfoData = new Externs.SP_DEVINFO_DATA();

DeviceInfoData.cbSize = 28;

DeviceInfoData.devInst = 0;

DeviceInfoData.classGuid = System.Guid.Empty;

DeviceInfoData.reserved = 0;

UInt32 i;

StringBuilder DeviceName = new StringBuilder("");

DeviceName.Capacity = Externs.MAX_DEV_LEN;

for (i = 0; Externs.SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hDevInfo, i, DeviceInfoData); i++)

...{

while (!Externs.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(hDevInfo, DeviceInfoData, Externs.SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, 0, DeviceName, Externs.MAX_DEV_LEN, IntPtr.Zero))

...{

}

bool bMatch = true;

foreach (string search in match)

...{

if (!DeviceName.ToString().ToLower().Contains(search.ToLower()))

...{

bMatch = false;

break;

}

}

if (bMatch)

...{

OpenClose(hDevInfo, DeviceInfoData, bEnable);

}

}

Externs.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);

}

catch (Exception ex)

...{

throw new Exception("枚举设备信息出错！", ex);

return false;

}

return true;

}

/**//// <summary>

/// 允许一个窗口或者服务接收所有硬件的通知

/// 注:目前还没有找到一个比较好的方法来处理如果通知服务。

/// </summary>

/// <param name="callback"></param>

/// <param name="UseWindowHandle"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public bool AllowNotifications(IntPtr callback, bool UseWindowHandle)

...{

try

...{

Externs.DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE dbdi = new Externs.DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE();

dbdi.dbcc_size = Marshal.SizeOf(dbdi);

dbdi.dbcc_reserved = 0;

dbdi.dbcc_devicetype = Externs.DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE;

if (UseWindowHandle)

Externs.RegisterDeviceNotification(callback, dbdi, Externs.DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES | Externs.DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE);

else

Externs.RegisterDeviceNotification(callback, dbdi, Externs.DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES | Externs.DEVICE_NOTIFY_SERVICE_HANDLE);

return true;

}

catch (Exception ex)

...{

string err = ex.Message;

return false;

}

}

#endregion

私有事件#region 私有事件

/**//// <summary>

/// 开启或者关闭指定的设备驱动

/// 注意：该方法目前没有检查是否需要重新启动计算机。^.^

/// </summary>

/// <param name="hDevInfo"></param>

/// <param name="devInfoData"></param>

/// <param name="bEnable"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

private bool OpenClose(IntPtr hDevInfo, Externs.SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData, bool bEnable)

...{

try

...{

int szOfPcp;

IntPtr ptrToPcp;

int szDevInfoData;

IntPtr ptrToDevInfoData;

Externs.SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1 = new Externs.SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS();

if (bEnable)

...{

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Externs.SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER));

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.InstallFunction = Externs.DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.StateChange = Externs.DICS_ENABLE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.Scope = Externs.DICS_FLAG_GLOBAL;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.HwProfile = 0;

szOfPcp = Marshal.SizeOf(SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1);

ptrToPcp = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(szOfPcp);

Marshal.StructureToPtr(SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1, ptrToPcp, true);

szDevInfoData = Marshal.SizeOf(devInfoData);

ptrToDevInfoData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(szDevInfoData);

if (Externs.SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(hDevInfo, ptrToDevInfoData, ptrToPcp, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Externs.SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS))))

...{

Externs.SetupDiCallClassInstaller(Externs.DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE, hDevInfo, ptrToDevInfoData);

}

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Externs.SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER));

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.InstallFunction = Externs.DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.StateChange = Externs.DICS_ENABLE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.Scope = Externs.DICS_FLAG_CONFIGSPECIFIC;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.HwProfile = 0;

}

else

...{

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Externs.SP_CLASSINSTALL_HEADER));

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.ClassInstallHeader.InstallFunction = Externs.DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.StateChange = Externs.DICS_DISABLE;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.Scope = Externs.DICS_FLAG_CONFIGSPECIFIC;

SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1.HwProfile = 0;

}

szOfPcp = Marshal.SizeOf(SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1);

ptrToPcp = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(szOfPcp);

Marshal.StructureToPtr(SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS1, ptrToPcp, true);

szDevInfoData = Marshal.SizeOf(devInfoData);

ptrToDevInfoData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(szDevInfoData);

Marshal.StructureToPtr(devInfoData, ptrToDevInfoData, true);

bool rslt1 = Externs.SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(hDevInfo, ptrToDevInfoData, ptrToPcp, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Externs.SP_PROPCHANGE_PARAMS)));

bool rstl2 = Externs.SetupDiCallClassInstaller(Externs.DIF_PROPERTYCHANGE, hDevInfo, ptrToDevInfoData);

if ((!rslt1) || (!rstl2))

...{

throw new Exception("不能更改设备状态。");

return false;

}

else

...{

return true;

}

}

catch (Exception ex)

...{

return false;

}

}

#endregion

}

}

我们在这里面建立一个测试项目。简单的设备管理器:)

界面如下图：



源码项目下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/352079。