redhat新挂载分区创建NFS

server:192.168.1.190
client:192.168.1.2001、通过fdisk工具，划分出四个区域 sdb1,sdb2,sdb3,sdb4,sdb5(sdb4为扩展总分区,此分区不可用） sdc1,sdc2 ------------------------------[root@chen-190 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemCommand (m for help): Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-522, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-522, default 522): +500MCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (63-522, default 63): Using default value 63Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (63-522, default 522): +500MCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 3First cylinder (125-522, default 125): Using default value 125Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (125-522, default 522): +1000MCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)eSelected partition 4First cylinder (248-522, default 248): Using default value 248Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (248-522, default 522): Using default value 522Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (248-522, default 248): Using default value 248Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (248-522, default 522): +1000M Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 62 497983+ 83 Linux/dev/sdb2 63 124 498015 83 Linux/dev/sdb3 125 247 987997+ 83 Linux/dev/sdb4 248 522 2208937+ 5 Extended/dev/sdb5 248 370 987966 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.-----------------------2、把划分出来的区域，格式化成linux可识别的EXT3格式。mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb1mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb2mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb3mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb5mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdc1mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdc23、创建文件夹。然后把四个区域挂载到相应的文件夹[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /share1[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdb2 /share2[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdb3 /share3[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /share4[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdc1 /share5[root@chen-190 /]# mount /dev/sdc2 /share6[root@chen-190 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 5.8G 2.8G 2.7G 51% //dev/sda1 99M 11M 83M 12% /boottmpfs 544M 0 544M 0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1 471M 412M 35M 93% /share1/dev/sdb2 471M 412M 35M 93% /share2/dev/sdb3 950M 869M 34M 97% /share3/dev/sdb5 950M 869M 34M 97% /share4/dev/sdc1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /share5/dev/sdc2 3.1G 69M 2.9G 3% /share64、设置刚才的分区开机自动挂载，修改/etc/fstab表：server端/etc/fstab添加以下内容：/dev/sdb1 /share1 ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdb2 /share2 ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdb3 /share3 ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdb5 /share4 ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdc1 /share5 ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdc2 /share6 ext3 defaults 0 0client端、etc/fstab;192.168.1.190:/share1 /share1 nfs defaults 0 0192.168.1.190:/share2 /share2 nfs defaults 0 0192.168.1.190:/share3 /share3 nfs defaults 0 0192.168.1.190:/share4 /share4 nfs defaults 0 0192.168.1.190:/share5 /share5 nfs defaults 0 0192.168.1.190:/share6 /share6 nfs defaults 0 0client端/etc/rc.local:mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share1 /share1mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share2 /share2mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share3 /share3mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share4 /share4mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share5 /share5mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share6 /share6
注意：在关在nfs目录时，最好添加soft选项，以防止nfs服务端万一出现异常，而导致客户端的挂死。

5、设置nfs与portmap自动启动，在server端/etc/rc.local中添加以下：service nfs startexportfs -rvservice portmap start6、修改server端/etc/exports 配置文件，添加以下内容： /share1 192.168.1.200/24(rw) /share2 192.168.1.200/24(rw) /share3 192.168.1.200/24(rw) /share4 192.168.1.200/24(rw) /share5 192.168.1.200/24(rw) /share6 192.168.1.200/24(rw)7、启动挂载NFS所需的进程server端:加载exports目录 exportfs -rv启动portmap服务： service portmap start[restart] 启动NFS服务： service nfs start[restart] client 端创建挂载目录mkdir /share1mkdir /share2mkdir /share3mkdir /share4mkdir /share5mkdir /share6启动portmap服务： service portmap start[restart] 挂载服务器端的共享目录(假设服务器端192.168.1.190)： [root@chen-200 /]# mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share2 /share2[root@chen-200 /]# mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share1 /share1[root@chen-200 /]# mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share3 /share3[root@chen-200 /]# mount -o soft,intr,retry=1s -t nfs 192.168.1.190:/share4 /share4此时，如果服务器端的防火墙有开着的话，将会提示错误，如： mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.10' failed: System Error: No route to host. 查看防火墙状态：service iptables status 停止防火墙：service iptables stop
提示：nfs的停止和卸载有严格的顺序，千万不能弄错。
在停止nfs服务端之前，务必先umount所有客户端的挂载，否在在服务端停止后，客户端中所有涉及到挂载目录的命令都将会hang住，直至服务器端恢复正常，并且服务器停止的时间越长，客户端恢复的时间也越长。
在hang 住期间无法umount，lsof ，fuser
如果出现客户端无法正常卸载，命令均hang的状况，可参考以下方法：
方法一：修改/etc/mtab文件，把mount nfs 那一行记录删除，命令即可恢复正常，但实际上后台nfs进程仍在尝试挂载，此方法只是临时性解决方法；
方法二：重启客户端服务器，如果想更好更快的解决此问题，就只能重启客户端服务器，重启后nfs mount 进程即停止；
方法三：重启服务器端的nfs进程，然后等待客户端自动恢复
本文出自 “狂奔的蜗牛” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://ccchencheng.blog.51cto.com/2419062/890970