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android 图片下载方法总结

2012-05-23 00:05 405 查看
研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {

handler.post(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

Drawable drawable = null;

try {

drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

} catch (IOException e) {

}

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

}

});

}

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

final Handler handler2=new Handler(){

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);

}

};

对应加载图像代码如下:

//采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载

private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {

Thread thread = new Thread(){

@Override

public void run() {

Drawable drawable = null;

try {

drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

} catch (IOException e) {

}

Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;

message.arg1 = id;

message.obj = drawable;

handler2.sendMessage(message);

}

};

thread.start();

thread = null;

}

这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

对应加载图像方法更改如下:

// 引入线程池来管理多线程

private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {

executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

try {

final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

handler.post(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

}

});

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

});

}

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {

//为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)

public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务

private final Handler handler=new Handler();

/**

*

* @param imageUrl 图像url地址

* @param callback 回调接口

* @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null

*/

public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {

//如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据

if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {

SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);

if (softReference.get() != null) {

return softReference.get();

}

}

//缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中

executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

try {

final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

handler.post(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

callback.imageLoaded(drawable);

}

});

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

});

return null;

}

//从网络上取数据方法

protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {

try {

return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

//对外界开放的回调接口

public interface ImageCallback {

//注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源

public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);

}

}这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

调用异步加载方法:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程

private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {

//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {

//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

}

});

if(cacheImage!=null){

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

}

}

(5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {

//为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)

private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

/**

*

* @param imageUrl 图像url地址

* @param callback 回调接口

* @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null

*/

public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {

//如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据

if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {

SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);

if (softReference.get() != null) {

return softReference.get();

}

}

final Handler handler = new Handler() {

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);

}

};

new Thread() {

public void run() {

Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);

imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));

}

}.start();

/*

下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法

*/

// new AsyncTask() {

// @Override

// protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {

// Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);

// imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

// return drawable;

// }

//

// @Override

// protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {

// callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);

// }

// }.execute();

return null;

}

protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {

try {

return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

//对外界开放的回调接口

public interface ImageCallback {

public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);

}

}

至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.Handler;

import android.os.Message;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.URL;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {

final Handler handler=new Handler();

final Handler handler2=new Handler(){

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);

}

};

private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务

private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();

private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

// loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

// loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

// loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

// loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

// loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

// loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

// loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

// loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

// loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

// loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

// loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

// loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

// loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

// loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

// loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

// loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

// //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时

// SystemClock.sleep(2000);

// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

// SystemClock.sleep(2000);

// loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

// SystemClock.sleep(2000);

// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

// SystemClock.sleep(2000);

// loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

// SystemClock.sleep(2000);

// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

}

@Override

protected void onDestroy() {

executorService.shutdown();

super.onDestroy();

}

//线程加载图像基本原理

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {

handler.post(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

Drawable drawable = null;

try {

drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

} catch (IOException e) {

}

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

}

});

}

//采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载

private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {

Thread thread = new Thread(){

@Override

public void run() {

Drawable drawable = null;

try {

drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

} catch (IOException e) {

}

Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;

message.arg1 = id;

message.obj = drawable;

handler2.sendMessage(message);

}

};

thread.start();

thread = null;

}

// 引入线程池来管理多线程

private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {

executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

try {

final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

handler.post(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

}

});

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

});

}

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程

private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {

//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {

//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

}

});

if(cacheImage!=null){

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

}

}

//采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口

private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {

//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {

//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

}

});

if(cacheImage!=null){

((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

}

}

}

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

</LinearLayout>
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标签:  图片下载