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精确计算一个Java对象占用的内存大小

2012-05-22 23:03 696 查看
转载于:http://blog.csdn.net/hoszb/article/details/5846069

《java优化占用内存的方法 -- 雪的痕迹》一文中提到:

" java做的系统给人的印象是什么?占内存!说道这句话就会有N多人站出来为java辩护,并举出一堆的性能测试报告来证明这一点。其实从理论上来讲java做的系统并不比其他语言开发出来的系统更占用内存,那么为什么却有这么N多理由来证明它确实占内存呢?两个字,陋习"

那如何衡量对象占用的内存空间大小呢?有人可能会说简单的使用如下代码:

gc();

Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();

然而这样做只能计算出堆中所有实例占用的内存大小,无法做到对一个对象的精确计算,

本人写了一段小代码计算对象的内存占用量,得出的结果和自己的电脑上内存的使用量一样,电脑配置是64位CPU,装32位XP操作系统,32位sun的虚拟机(参数-client),内存3G,不清楚程序是否通用。

算法简述:

1.值类型变量占用大小已知

2.引用类型变量占用大小4字节(还没有在64位JVM下测试过),如Object x = null; 这个x变量在32位jvm中测得占用4字节

3.对象大小与占用空间的关系:occupy = (size + 8 - 1) / 8 * 8;

4.递归的遍历一个对象内的所有成员变量,成员变量的成员变量的占用的内存大小,

(目前无法对包含private java.lang.reflect.Constructot类型的成员的对象计算大小,因为无法通过反射获得对象该字段的值)。

import java.lang.reflect.*;

import java.util.*;

//一个引用:4字节

//一个Object:8字节

//一个Integer:16字节 == (8 + 4) / 8 * 8

//一个int:4字节

//长度为0的数组大小:JRo64=24, Sun32=12

//引用大小,如Object = null: JRo64=JRo32=4, Sun32=4, Sun64=8

//无成员的对象大小,如new Object();: JRo32=JRo64=8, Sun32=8, Sun64=16

//new byte[0]: JRo32=JRo64=8+8 Sun32=8+4, Sun64=16+8

//长度l的byte数组:(l+19)/8*8

//长度l的char/short数组:(l*2+19)/8*8 == (l+9)/4*8

//长度l的String:(l+1)/4*8+40

//长度l的int数组:(l*4+19)/8*8 ==(l+4)/2*8

//长度l的long数组:(l*8+19)/8*8 == (l+2)*8

public class Occupy {

//这8个方法不写不行,否则occupyof(int x)会自动重载到occupyof(Object o),并且无法在方法中判断

public static int occupyof(boolean variable) {

return 1;

}

public static int occupyof(byte variable) {

return 1;

}

public static int occupyof(short variable) {

return 2;

}

public static int occupyof(char variable) {

return 2;

}

public static int occupyof(int variable) {

return 4;

}

public static int occupyof(float variable) {

return 4;

}

public static int occupyof(long variable) {

return 8;

}

public static int occupyof(double variable) {

return 8;

}

public Occupy(byte nullReferenceSize, byte emptyObjectSize, byte emptyArrayVarSize) {

this.NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE = nullReferenceSize;

this.EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE = emptyObjectSize;

this.EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE = emptyArrayVarSize;

}

public static Occupy forJRockitVM() {

return new Occupy((byte) 4, (byte) 8, (byte) 8);

}

public static Occupy forSun32BitsVM() {

return new Occupy((byte) 4, (byte) 8, (byte) 4);

}

public static Occupy forSun64BitsVM() {

return new Occupy((byte) 8, (byte) 16, (byte) 8);

}

public static Occupy forDetectedVM(){

return null;

}

private final byte NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE;

private final byte EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE;

private final byte EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;

private static class ref{

public ref(Object obj){

this.obj = obj;

}

final Object obj;

@Override

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

return (obj instanceof ref) && ((ref)obj).obj == this.obj;

}

@Override

public int hashCode() {

return obj.hashCode();

}

}

private List dedup = new ArrayList();

/**

* 对象占用的内存空间,对象占用空间与对象的大小并不相等,就好象Windows下文件一样(大小为1字节时占用空间4k)

* @param object

* @return

*/

public int occupyof(Object object){

dedup.clear();

return occupyof0(object);

}

private int occupyof0(Object object) {

if (object == null)

return 0;

ref r = new ref(object);

if(dedup.contains(r))

return 0;

dedup.add(r);

int varSize = 0;//对象中的值类型、引用类型变量大小

int objSize = 0;//对象中的引用类型指向的对象实例的大小

for (Class clazz = object.getClass(); clazz != Object.class; clazz = clazz.getSuperclass()) {

// System.out.println(clazz);

if (clazz.isArray()) {//当前对象的数组

varSize += EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;

Class<?> componentType = clazz.getComponentType();

if (componentType.isPrimitive()) {//当前数组是原生类型的数组

varSize += lengthOfPrimitiveArray(object) * sizeofPrimitiveClass(componentType);

return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, 0);

}

Object[] array = (Object[]) object;

varSize += NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE * array.length;//当前数组有length个引用,每个占用4字节

for (Object o : array)

objSize += occupyof0(o);

return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, objSize);

}

Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()))

continue;//类成员不计

//System.out.println(field.getDeclaringClass());

if(clazz != field.getDeclaringClass())

continue;

Class<?> type = field.getType();

if (type.isPrimitive())

varSize += sizeofPrimitiveClass(type);

else {

varSize += NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE;//一个引用型变量占用4个字节

try {

field.setAccessible(true);//可以访问非public类型的变量

objSize += occupyof0(field.get(object));

} catch (Exception e) {

objSize += occupyofConstructor(object, field);

}

}

}

}

return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, objSize);

}

public static int sizeof(boolean variable) {

return 1;

}

public static int sizeof(byte variable) {

return 1;

}

public static int sizeof(short variable) {

return 2;

}

public static int sizeof(char variable) {

return 2;

}

public static int sizeof(int variable) {

return 4;

}

public static int sizeof(float variable) {

return 4;

}

public static int sizeof(long variable) {

return 8;

}

public static int sizeof(double variable) {

return 8;

}

/**

* 对象的大小

* @param object

* @return

*/

public int sizeof(Object object) {

if (object == null)

return 0;

int size = EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE;

Class clazz = object.getClass();

if (clazz.isArray()) {

size += EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;//length变量是int型

Class<?> componentType = clazz.getComponentType();

if (componentType.isPrimitive())

return size + lengthOfPrimitiveArray(object) * sizeofPrimitiveClass(componentType);

Object[] array = (Object[]) object;

size += 4 * array.length;

for (Object o : array)

size += sizeof(o);

return size;

}

Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()))

continue;//类成员不计

Class<?> type = field.getType();

if (type.isPrimitive())

size += sizeofPrimitiveClass(type);

else {

size += 4;//一个引用型变量占用4个字节

try {

field.setAccessible(true);//可以访问非public类型的变量

size += sizeof(field.get(object));

} catch (Exception e) {

size += sizeofConstructor(object, field);

}

}

}

return size;

}

private static int occupyofConstructor(Object object, Field field) {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException("field type Constructor not accessible: " + object.getClass() + " field:" + field);

}

private static int sizeofConstructor(Object object, Field field) {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException("field type Constructor not accessible: " + object.getClass() + " field:" + field);

}

/**

* 对象的大小 和 占用空间并不相等,就好象Windows下文件一样(大小为1字节时占用空间4k)

* 对象占用空间的增长以8个字节为单位,占用空间=大小对8的无条件进位法,

* 即occupy = (size + 8 - 1) / 8 * 8; 例如:

* 大小8字节:占用8字节,(new Object()就是占用8字节)

* 大小9字节:占用16字节

* 大小16字节:占用16字节

* 大小17字节:占用24字节

* @param size 大小,以字节为单位

* @return 占用空间

*/

private static int occupyOfSize(int size) {

return (size + 7) / 8 * 8;

}

private static int occupyOfSize(int selfSize, int varsSize, int objsSize) {

// System.out.println("self=" + selfSize + " vars=" + varsSize + " objs=" + objsSize);

return occupyOfSize(selfSize) + occupyOfSize(varsSize) + objsSize;

}

private static int sizeofPrimitiveClass(Class clazz) {

return clazz == boolean.class || clazz == byte.class ? 1 : clazz == char.class || clazz == short.class ? 2 : clazz == int.class || clazz == float.class ? 4

: 8;

}

private static int lengthOfPrimitiveArray(Object object) {

Class<?> clazz = object.getClass();

return clazz == boolean[].class ? ((boolean[]) object).length : clazz == byte[].class ? ((byte[]) object).length

: clazz == char[].class ? ((char[]) object).length : clazz == short[].class ? ((short[]) object).length

: clazz == int[].class ? ((int[]) object).length : clazz == float[].class ? ((float[]) object).length

: clazz == long[].class ? ((long[]) object).length : ((double[]) object).length;

}

}
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