您的位置:首页 > 运维架构 > Linux

用sysctl进行调整Linux系统性能

2012-04-22 17:47 204 查看
sysctl是一个允许您改变正在运行中的Linux系统的接口。它包含一些 TCP/IP 堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项, 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。基于这点,sysctl(8) 提供两个功能:读取和修改系统设置。

查看所有可读变量:

% sysctl -a

读一个指定的变量,例如 kern.maxproc:

% sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044

要设置一个指定的变量,直接用 variable=value 这样的语法:

# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000

kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量,也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf 看起来很像 rc.conf。它用 variable=value 的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。

sysctl 变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。 (布尔型用 1 来表示'yes',用 0 来表示'no')。

sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0

sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1

配置sysctl

编辑此文件:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

如果该文件为空,则输入以下内容,否则请根据情况自己做调整:

# Controls source route verification

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1

# Disables IP source routing

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm

# Only uncomment if needed!

# kernel.shmmax = 67108864

# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

# Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling

net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

# Turn on the tcp_sack

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

# tcp_fack should be on because of sack

net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

# Turn on the tcp_timestamps

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1

# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Enable ignoring broadcasts request

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

# Enable bad error message Protection

net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

# Make more local ports available

# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

# Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′

net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5

# Lower syn retry rates

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3

# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

# Various Settings

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024

# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached

net.core.hot_list_length = 256

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000

# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues

net.core.rmem_default = 65535

net.core.rmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608

net.core.wmem_default = 65535

net.core.wmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608

net.core.optmem_max = 40960

如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机,则加入以下代码:

# Disable ping requests

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

编辑完成后,请执行以下命令使变动立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

MySQL优化

  编辑MySQL的配置文件:

  nano /etc/my.cnf

  输入以下内容:

  [mysqld]

  connect_timeout=15

  interactive_timeout=100

  join_buffer_size=1M

  key_buffer=128M

  max_allowed_packet=16M

  max_connections=500

  max_connect_errors=10

  myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M

  read_buffer_size=1M

  read_rnd_buffer_size=768K

  sort_buffer_size=1M

  table_cache=1024

  thread_cache_size=100

  thread_concurrency=4

  wait_timeout=300

  query_cache_size=32M

  query_cache_limit=1M

  query_cache_type=1

  skip-innodb

default-character-set=utf8

#log

log_slow_queries=/var/log/mysqlSlow.log

long_query_time=5

#log-bin

log-bin=mysql-bin

#innodb

innodb_log_file_size = 256M

innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

  请 注意,以上配置适用于512M~1024M内存,如内存更大的话请自行做调整。给项目增加内存会加快速度,但是使用过多的内存而导致启用swap的话,会 极大的导致系统效率下降。其中 thread_concurrency 这项配置,单CPU的话请设置为2,双CPU的话请设置为4。

  Apache优化

  httpd.conf的文件有许多内容,笔者就拿出需要做优化的:

Timeout 120

  KeepAlive On

  MaxKeepAliveRequests 1000

  KeepAliveTimeout 3

  MinSpareServers 8

  MaxSpareServers 13

  MaxRequestsPerChild 50

Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks 关闭目录浏览

  将 KeepAliveTimeout 设定到较小的数字将有助于减少服务器上的无用等待链接,一定程度上能增加服务器负载。

  另外,下面这条不算优化,但是是Apache安全相关:

  ServerSignature Off

  ServerTokens ProductOnly

  将 ServerSignature 关闭,并增加 ServerTokens ProductOnly 可以使常人无法检测到Apache的实际版本号,有助于Apache的安全。

  以上所做的这些优化在某种程度上会增强服务器的负载性能。但请注意,最佳的配置是实践出来的。
内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签: