Windows7下MySQL5.5.20免安装版的配置

MySQL Windows安装包说明：

1、mysql-5.5.20-win32.msi:Windows 安装包，图形化的下一步下一步的安装。

2、mysql-5.5.20.zip，这个是windows源文件，需要编译，对应的Linux源文件是mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz

3、mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，这个文件解包后即可使用，是编译好的windows32位Mysql。

1、下载mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，解压到D:\，D盘就会出现mysql-5.5.20-win32目录

目录层次不要过多

2、配置MYSQL的环境变量

新增系统变量MYSQL_HOME： D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32

在PATH变量的最后面添加： ;%MYSQL_HOME%\bin

保存即可。

3、打开文件my-huge.ini另存为my.ini，删除my.ini中的所有配置，在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置：(my.ini是保存在与my-huge.ini同一个目录下的）(#表示注释）

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# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者\xxx-data
datadir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password	= your_password
port		= 3306
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port		= 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者\xxx-data
datadir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8

4、注册服务

运行-->cmd，输入命令：

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mysqld --install mysql --defaults-file=d:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\my.ini

mysqld --install mysql --defaults-file=d:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\my.ini

或着，

运行-->cmd，输入命令：

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mysqld --install mysql

mysqld --install mysql

删除服务：

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sc delete mysql

sc delete mysql

在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。

5、启动服务：

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net start mysql

net start mysql

停止服务：

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net stop mysql

net stop mysql

6、服务启动后：

登录MySQL服务器：

命令格式：

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mysql -h hostname -u username -p

mysql -h hostname -u username -p

或

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mysql -hhostname -uusername -p

mysql -hhostname -uusername -p

命令说明：mysql命令将调用MySQL监视程序，这是一个可以将我们连接到MySQL服务器端的客户端命令行工具。

选项说明：

-h选项：用于指定所希望连接的主机，即运行MySQL服务器的机器。如果在运行MySQL服务器的机器上运行该命令，则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数；如果不是，必须用运行MySQL服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。

-u命令：用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。

-p命令：用于指定用户输入的密码

此时我本机安装了MYSQL，可忽略该选项和hostname参数：

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mysql -uroot -p

mysql -uroot -p

注：

MySQL的管理员用户名为root，密码默认为空

修改root密码

MySQL配置好后，启动成功，默认密码是空，但是为了安全，设置密码（MySQL有一个默认用户名为root，密码自己设定：假如设为root）。

1）登录MySQL root用户：

打开命令行，执行：

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mysql -uroot -p

mysql -uroot -p

2）修改root密码：

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mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;

以后再进入MySQL，则为：

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mysql -uroot -proot

mysql -uroot -proot

7、常用命令：

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show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename; --用数据库
show tables;--显示表
create table tablename(field-name-1 fieldtype-1 modifiers,field-name-2 fieldtype-2 modifiers,....);--创建表

alter table tablename add new-fielname new fieldtype--为表加入新列
insert into tablename(fieldname-1,fieldname-2,fieldname-n)valuse(value-1,value-2,value-n)--增

delete from tablename where fieldname=value--删
update tablename set fieldname=new-value where id=1--改
select * from tablename--查
desc tablename--表定义描述
show create table tablename--可以查看引擎
alter table tablename engine=InnoDB--修改引擎
create table tablename(id int(11),name varchar(10) )type=INNODB--建表是设置引擎

show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename; --用数据库
show tables;--显示表
create table tablename(field-name-1 fieldtype-1 modifiers,field-name-2 fieldtype-2 modifiers,....);--创建表
alter table tablename add new-fielname new fieldtype--为表加入新列
insert into tablename(fieldname-1,fieldname-2,fieldname-n)valuse(value-1,value-2,value-n)--增
delete from tablename where fieldname=value--删
update tablename set fieldname=new-value where id=1--改
select * from tablename--查
desc tablename--表定义描述
show create table tablename--可以查看引擎
alter table tablename engine=InnoDB--修改引擎
create table tablename(id int(11),name varchar(10) )type=INNODB--建表是设置引擎

8、例如：

（1）登录MySQL服务器后，查看当前时间，登录的用户以及数据库的版本

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mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now() | user() | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20 |

+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now()               | user()         | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20    |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）显示数据库列表

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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

（3）新增数据库并查看

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mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test_db            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（4）选择数据库

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mysql> use test_db; Database changed

mysql> use test_db;
Database changed

查看已选择的数据库：

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mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db    |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（5）显示当前数据库的所有数据表

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mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（6）新建数据表并查看

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mysql> create table person( -> id int, -> name varchar(20), -> sex char(1), -> birth date -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> create table person(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(20),
-> sex char(1),
-> birth date
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Java代码







mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（7）获取表结构

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mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

或者

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mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（8）查询表中的数据

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mysql> select * from person; Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（9）插入数据

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mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth) -> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth)
-> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

查询表中的数据：

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mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id | name | sex | birth |
+------+----------+------+------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 |

+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      |
+------+----------+------+------------+
|    1 | zhangsan | 1    | 1990-01-08 |
+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（10）修改字段的类型

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mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看字段描述：

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mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（11）新增一个字段

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mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50)); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看字段描述：

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mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（12）更新字段内容

查看修改前表的内容：

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mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |

+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | zhangsan | 1    | 1990-01-08 | NULL    |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改：

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mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |

+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |

+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi | 1    | 1990-01-08 | NULL    |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

为了方便下面测试删除数据，在向person表中插入2条数据：

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mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |

| 2 | wangwu | man | 1990-01-10 | China |

| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |

+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi     | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
|    2 | wangwu   | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
|    3 | zhangsan | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（13）删除表中的数据

删除表中指定的数据：

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mysql> delete from person where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |

| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |

+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from person where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi     | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
|    3 | zhangsan | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除表中全部的数据：

Java代码







mysql> delete from person;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person; Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from person;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（14）重命名表

查看重命名前的表名：

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mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

重命名：

Java代码







mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test       |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（15）新增主键

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mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |

| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除主键：

Java代码







mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |

| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（16）删除表

Java代码







mysql> drop table person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（17）删除数据库

Java代码







mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test_db            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)