Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析

在前面一篇文章浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路中，介绍了在Android系统中Binder进程间通信机制中的Server角色是如何获得Service Manager远程接口的，即defaultServiceManager函数的实现。Server获得了Service
Manager远程接口之后，就要把自己的Service添加到Service Manager中去，然后把自己启动起来，等待Client的请求。本文将通过分析源代码了解Server的启动过程是怎么样的。
本文通过一个具体的例子来说明Binder机制中Server的启动过程。我们知道，在Android系统中，提供了多媒体播放的功能，这个功能是以服务的形式来提供的。这里，我们就通过分析MediaPlayerService的实现来了解Media Server的启动过程。

首先，看一下MediaPlayerService的类图，以便我们理解下面要描述的内容。



我们将要介绍的主角MediaPlayerService继承于BnMediaPlayerService类，熟悉Binder机制的同学应该知道BnMediaPlayerService是一个Binder Native类，用来处理Client请求的。BnMediaPlayerService继承于BnInterface<IMediaPlayerService>类，BnInterface是一个模板类，它定义在frameworks/base/include/binder/IInterface.h文件中：

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template<typename INTERFACE>
class BnInterface : public INTERFACE, public BBinder
{
public:
virtual sp<IInterface> queryLocalInterface(const String16& _descriptor);
virtual const String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;

protected:
virtual IBinder* onAsBinder();
};

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int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
LOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());
AudioFlinger::instantiate();
MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
CameraService::instantiate();
AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
LOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());
AudioFlinger::instantiate();
MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
CameraService::instantiate();
AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}

这里我们不关注AudioFlinger和CameraService相关的代码。

先看下面这句代码：

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sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());

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sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
if (gProcess != NULL) return gProcess;

AutoMutex _l(gProcessMutex);
if (gProcess == NULL) gProcess = new ProcessState;
return gProcess;
}

sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
if (gProcess != NULL) return gProcess;

AutoMutex _l(gProcessMutex);
if (gProcess == NULL) gProcess = new ProcessState;
return gProcess;
}

这里可以看出，这个函数作用是返回一个全局唯一的ProcessState实例gProcess。全局唯一实例变量gProcess定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/Static.cpp文件中：

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Mutex gProcessMutex;
sp<ProcessState> gProcess;

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ProcessState::ProcessState()
: mDriverFD(open_driver())
, mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
, mManagesContexts(false)
, mBinderContextCheckFunc(NULL)
, mBinderContextUserData(NULL)
, mThreadPoolStarted(false)
, mThreadPoolSeq(1)
{
if (mDriverFD >= 0) {
// XXX Ideally, there should be a specific define for whether we

// have mmap (or whether we could possibly have the kernel module

// availabla).

#if !defined(HAVE_WIN32_IPC)
// mmap the binder, providing a chunk of virtual address space to receive transactions.

mVMStart = mmap(0, BINDER_VM_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
if (mVMStart == MAP_FAILED) {
// *sigh*
LOGE("Using /dev/binder failed: unable to mmap transaction memory.\n");
close(mDriverFD);
mDriverFD = -1;
}
#else
mDriverFD = -1;
#endif
}
if (mDriverFD < 0) {
// Need to run without the driver, starting our own thread pool.

}
}

ProcessState::ProcessState()
: mDriverFD(open_driver())
, mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
, mManagesContexts(false)
, mBinderContextCheckFunc(NULL)
, mBinderContextUserData(NULL)
, mThreadPoolStarted(false)
, mThreadPoolSeq(1)
{
if (mDriverFD >= 0) {
// XXX Ideally, there should be a specific define for whether we
// have mmap (or whether we could possibly have the kernel module
// availabla).
#if !defined(HAVE_WIN32_IPC)
// mmap the binder, providing a chunk of virtual address space to receive transactions.
mVMStart = mmap(0, BINDER_VM_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
if (mVMStart == MAP_FAILED) {
// *sigh*
LOGE("Using /dev/binder failed: unable to mmap transaction memory.\n");
close(mDriverFD);
mDriverFD = -1;
}
#else
mDriverFD = -1;
#endif
}
if (mDriverFD < 0) {
// Need to run without the driver, starting our own thread pool.
}
}

这个函数有两个关键地方，一是通过open_driver函数打开Binder设备文件/dev/binder，并将打开设备文件描述符保存在成员变量mDriverFD中；二是通过mmap来把设备文件/dev/binder映射到内存中。

先看open_driver函数的实现，这个函数同样位于frameworks/base/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp文件中：

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static int open_driver()
{
if (gSingleProcess) {
return -1;
}

int fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);
if (fd >= 0) {
fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
int vers;
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)

status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);
#else
status_t result = -1;
errno = EPERM;
#endif
if (result == -1) {
LOGE("Binder ioctl to obtain version failed: %s", strerror(errno));
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
if (result != 0 || vers != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
LOGE("Binder driver protocol does not match user space protocol!");
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)

size_t maxThreads = 15;
result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);
if (result == -1) {
LOGE("Binder ioctl to set max threads failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
#endif

} else {
LOGW("Opening '/dev/binder' failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
return fd;
}

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status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);

status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);

这个函数调用最终进入到Binder驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数中，我们只关注BINDER_VERSION相关的部分逻辑：

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static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

/*printk(KERN_INFO "binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/

ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret)
return ret;

mutex_lock(&binder_lock);
thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
if (thread == NULL) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}

switch (cmd) {
......
case BINDER_VERSION:
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_version)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (put_user(BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, &((struct binder_version *)ubuf)->protocol_version)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
break;
......
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

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/* This is the current protocol version. */
#define BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION 7

/* This is the current protocol version. */
#define BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION 7

这里为什么要把ubuf转换成struct binder_version之后，再通过其protocol_version成员变量再来写入呢，转了一圈，最终内容还是写入到ubuf中。我们看一下struct binder_version的定义就会明白，同样是在kernel/common/drivers/staging/android/binder.h文件中：

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/* Use with BINDER_VERSION, driver fills in fields. */
struct binder_version {
/* driver protocol version -- increment with incompatible change */
signed long protocol_version;
};

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result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);

result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);

这个函数调用最终进入到Binder驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数中，我们只关注BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS相关的部分逻辑：

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static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

/*printk(KERN_INFO "binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/

ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret)
return ret;

mutex_lock(&binder_lock);
thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
if (thread == NULL) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}

switch (cmd) {
......
case BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS:
if (copy_from_user(&proc->max_threads, ubuf, sizeof(proc->max_threads))) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
break;
......
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

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#define BINDER_VM_SIZE ((1*1024*1024) - (4096 *2))

#define BINDER_VM_SIZE ((1*1024*1024) - (4096 *2))

mmap函数调用完成之后，Binder驱动程序就为当前进程预留了BINDER_VM_SIZE大小的内存空间了。

这样，ProcessState全局唯一变量gProcess就创建完毕了，回到frameworks/base/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp文件中的main函数，下一步是调用defaultServiceManager函数来获得Service Manager的远程接口，这个已经在上一篇文章浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service
Manager接口之路有详细描述，读者可以回过头去参考一下。

再接下来，就进入到MediaPlayerService::instantiate函数把MediaPlayerService添加到Service Manger中去了。这个函数定义在frameworks/base/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp文件中：

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void MediaPlayerService::instantiate() {
defaultServiceManager()->addService(
String16("media.player"), new MediaPlayerService());
}

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class BpServiceManager : public BpInterface<IServiceManager>
{
public:
BpServiceManager(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
: BpInterface<IServiceManager>(impl)
{
}

......

virtual status_t addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service)
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
data.writeString16(name);
data.writeStrongBinder(service);
status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
return err == NO_ERROR ? reply.readExceptionCode()
}

......

};

class BpServiceManager : public BpInterface<IServiceManager>
{
public:
BpServiceManager(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
: BpInterface<IServiceManager>(impl)
{
}

......

virtual status_t addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service)
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
data.writeString16(name);
data.writeStrongBinder(service);
status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
return err == NO_ERROR ? reply.readExceptionCode()
}

......

};

这里的Parcel类是用来于序列化进程间通信数据用的。

先来看这一句的调用：

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data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());

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// Write RPC headers.  (previously just the interface token)

status_t Parcel::writeInterfaceToken(const String16& interface)
{
writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() |
STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
// currently the interface identification token is just its name as a string

return writeString16(interface);
}

// Write RPC headers.  (previously just the interface token)
status_t Parcel::writeInterfaceToken(const String16& interface)
{
writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() |
STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
// currently the interface identification token is just its name as a string
return writeString16(interface);
}

它的作用是写入一个整数和一个字符串到Parcel中去。

再来看下面的调用：

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data.writeString16(name);

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data.writeStrongBinder(service);

data.writeStrongBinder(service);

这里定入一个Binder对象到Parcel去。我们重点看一下这个函数的实现，因为它涉及到进程间传输Binder实体的问题，比较复杂，需要重点关注，同时，也是理解Binder机制的一个重点所在。注意，这里的service参数是一个MediaPlayerService对象。

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status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinder(const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
return flatten_binder(ProcessState::self(), val, this);
}

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/*
* This is the flattened representation of a Binder object for transfer
* between processes.  The 'offsets' supplied as part of a binder transaction
* contains offsets into the data where these structures occur.  The Binder
* driver takes care of re-writing the structure type and data as it moves
* between processes.
*/
struct flat_binder_object {
/* 8 bytes for large_flat_header. */
unsigned long       type;
unsigned long       flags;

/* 8 bytes of data. */
union {
void        *binder;    /* local object */
signed long handle;     /* remote object */
};

/* extra data associated with local object */
void            *cookie;
};

/*
* This is the flattened representation of a Binder object for transfer
* between processes.  The 'offsets' supplied as part of a binder transaction
* contains offsets into the data where these structures occur.  The Binder
* driver takes care of re-writing the structure type and data as it moves
* between processes.
*/
struct flat_binder_object {
/* 8 bytes for large_flat_header. */
unsigned long		type;
unsigned long		flags;

/* 8 bytes of data. */
union {
void		*binder;	/* local object */
signed long	handle;		/* remote object */
};

/* extra data associated with local object */
void			*cookie;
};

各个成员变量的含义请参考资料Android Binder设计与实现。

我们进入到flatten_binder函数看看：

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status_t flatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
const sp<IBinder>& binder, Parcel* out)
{
flat_binder_object obj;

obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
if (binder != NULL) {
IBinder *local = binder->localBinder();
if (!local) {
BpBinder *proxy = binder->remoteBinder();
if (proxy == NULL) {
LOGE("null proxy");
}
const int32_t handle = proxy ? proxy->handle() : 0;
obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
obj.handle = handle;
obj.cookie = NULL;
} else {
obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
obj.binder = local->getWeakRefs();
obj.cookie = local;
}
} else {
obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
obj.binder = NULL;
obj.cookie = NULL;
}

return finish_flatten_binder(binder, obj, out);
}

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obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;

obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;

0x7f表示处理本Binder实体请求数据包的线程的最低优先级，FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS表示这个Binder实体可以接受文件描述符，Binder实体在收到文件描述符时，就会在本进程中打开这个文件。

传进来的binder即为MediaPlayerService::instantiate函数中new出来的MediaPlayerService实例，因此，不为空。又由于MediaPlayerService继承自BBinder类，它是一个本地Binder实体，因此binder->localBinder返回一个BBinder指针，而且肯定不为空，于是执行下面语句：

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obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
obj.binder = local->getWeakRefs();
obj.cookie = local;

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inline static status_t finish_flatten_binder(
const sp<IBinder>& binder, const flat_binder_object& flat, Parcel* out)
{
return out->writeObject(flat, false);
}

inline static status_t finish_flatten_binder(
const sp<IBinder>& binder, const flat_binder_object& flat, Parcel* out)
{
return out->writeObject(flat, false);
}

Parcel::writeObject的实现如下：

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status_t Parcel::writeObject(const flat_binder_object& val, bool nullMetaData)
{
const bool enoughData = (mDataPos+sizeof(val)) <= mDataCapacity;
const bool enoughObjects = mObjectsSize < mObjectsCapacity;
if (enoughData && enoughObjects) {
restart_write:
*reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData+mDataPos) = val;

// Need to write meta-data?

if (nullMetaData || val.binder != NULL) {
mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;
acquire_object(ProcessState::self(), val, this);
mObjectsSize++;
}

// remember if it's a file descriptor

if (val.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
mHasFds = mFdsKnown = true;
}

return finishWrite(sizeof(flat_binder_object));
}

if (!enoughData) {
const status_t err = growData(sizeof(val));
if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
}
if (!enoughObjects) {
size_t newSize = ((mObjectsSize+2)*3)/2;
size_t* objects = (size_t*)realloc(mObjects, newSize*sizeof(size_t));
if (objects == NULL) return NO_MEMORY;
mObjects = objects;
mObjectsCapacity = newSize;
}

goto restart_write;
}

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mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;

mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;

这里因为，如果进程间传输的数据间带有Binder对象的时候，Binder驱动程序需要作进一步的处理，以维护各个Binder实体的一致性，下面我们将会看到Binder驱动程序是怎么处理这些Binder对象的。

再回到BpServiceManager::addService函数中，调用下面语句：

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status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);

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status_t BpBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
// Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.

if (mAlive) {
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
return status;
}

return DEAD_OBJECT;
}

status_t BpBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
// Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.
if (mAlive) {
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
return status;
}

return DEAD_OBJECT;
}

这里又调用了IPCThreadState::transact进执行实际的操作。注意，这里的mHandle为0，code为ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION。ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION是上面以参数形式传进来的，那mHandle为什么是0呢？因为这里表示的是Service Manager远程接口，它的句柄值一定是0，具体请参考浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service
Manager接口之路一文。

再进入到IPCThreadState::transact函数，看看做了些什么事情：

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status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
status_t err = data.errorCheck();

flags |= TF_ACCEPT_FDS;

IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BC_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "
<< handle << " / code " << TypeCode(code) << ": "
<< indent << data << dedent << endl;
}

if (err == NO_ERROR) {
LOG_ONEWAY(">>>> SEND from pid %d uid %d %s", getpid(), getuid(),
(flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0 ? "READ REPLY" : "ONE WAY");
err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);
}

if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
return (mLastError = err);
}

if ((flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
#if 0
if (code == 4) { // relayout

LOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction 4");
} else {
LOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction %d", code);
}
#endif
if (reply) {
err = waitForResponse(reply);
} else {
Parcel fakeReply;
err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);
}
#if 0
if (code == 4) { // relayout

LOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction 4");
} else {
LOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction %d", code);
}
#endif

IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BR_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "
<< handle << ": ";
if (reply) alog << indent << *reply << dedent << endl;
else alog << "(none requested)" << endl;
}
} else {
err = waitForResponse(NULL, NULL);
}

return err;
}

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struct binder_transaction_data {
/* The first two are only used for bcTRANSACTION and brTRANSACTION,
* identifying the target and contents of the transaction.
*/
union {
size_t  handle; /* target descriptor of command transaction */
void    *ptr;   /* target descriptor of return transaction */
} target;
void        *cookie;    /* target object cookie */
unsigned int    code;       /* transaction command */

/* General information about the transaction. */
unsigned int    flags;
pid_t       sender_pid;
uid_t       sender_euid;
size_t      data_size;  /* number of bytes of data */
size_t      offsets_size;   /* number of bytes of offsets */

/* If this transaction is inline, the data immediately
* follows here; otherwise, it ends with a pointer to
* the data buffer.
*/
union {
struct {
/* transaction data */
const void  *buffer;
/* offsets from buffer to flat_binder_object structs */
const void  *offsets;
} ptr;
uint8_t buf[8];
} data;
};

struct binder_transaction_data {
/* The first two are only used for bcTRANSACTION and brTRANSACTION,
* identifying the target and contents of the transaction.
*/
union {
size_t	handle;	/* target descriptor of command transaction */
void	*ptr;	/* target descriptor of return transaction */
} target;
void		*cookie;	/* target object cookie */
unsigned int	code;		/* transaction command */

/* General information about the transaction. */
unsigned int	flags;
pid_t		sender_pid;
uid_t		sender_euid;
size_t		data_size;	/* number of bytes of data */
size_t		offsets_size;	/* number of bytes of offsets */

/* If this transaction is inline, the data immediately
* follows here; otherwise, it ends with a pointer to
* the data buffer.
*/
union {
struct {
/* transaction data */
const void	*buffer;
/* offsets from buffer to flat_binder_object structs */
const void	*offsets;
} ptr;
uint8_t	buf[8];
} data;
};

writeTransactionData函数的实现如下：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{
binder_transaction_data tr;

tr.target.handle = handle;
tr.code = code;
tr.flags = binderFlags;

const status_t err = data.errorCheck();
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(size_t);
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
} else if (statusBuffer) {
tr.flags |= TF_STATUS_CODE;
*statusBuffer = err;
tr.data_size = sizeof(status_t);
tr.data.ptr.buffer = statusBuffer;
tr.offsets_size = 0;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = NULL;
} else {
return (mLastError = err);
}

mOut.writeInt32(cmd);
mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));

return NO_ERROR;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(size_t);
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();

tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(size_t);
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();

回忆一下上面的内容，写入到tr.data.ptr.buffer的内容相当于下面的内容：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() |
STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
writeString16("android.os.IServiceManager");
writeString16("media.player");
writeStrongBinder(new MediaPlayerService());

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;

while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;
err = mIn.errorCheck();
if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;

cmd = mIn.readInt32();

IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Processing waitForResponse Command: "
<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
}

switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
break;

case BR_DEAD_REPLY:
err = DEAD_OBJECT;
goto finish;

case BR_FAILED_REPLY:
err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;
goto finish;

case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:
{
LOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");
const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();
if (!acquireResult) continue;
*acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;
}
goto finish;

case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;

if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
err = *static_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
}
} else {
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
continue;
}
}
goto finish;

default:
err = executeCommand(cmd);
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
break;
}
}

finish:
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
mLastError = err;
}

return err;
}

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;

while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;
err = mIn.errorCheck();
if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;

cmd = mIn.readInt32();

IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Processing waitForResponse Command: "
<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
}

switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
break;

case BR_DEAD_REPLY:
err = DEAD_OBJECT;
goto finish;

case BR_FAILED_REPLY:
err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;
goto finish;

case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:
{
LOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");
const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();
if (!acquireResult) continue;
*acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;
}
goto finish;

case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;

if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
err = *static_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
}
} else {
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);
continue;
}
}
goto finish;

default:
err = executeCommand(cmd);
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
break;
}
}

finish:
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
mLastError = err;
}

return err;
}

这个函数虽然很长，但是主要调用了talkWithDriver函数来与Binder驱动程序进行交互：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
LOG_ASSERT(mProcess->mDriverFD >= 0, "Binder driver is not opened");

binder_write_read bwr;

// Is the read buffer empty?

const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();

// We don't want to write anything if we are still reading

// from data left in the input buffer and the caller

// has requested to read the next data.

const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;

bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (long unsigned int)mOut.data();

// This is what we'll read.
if (doReceive && needRead) {
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (long unsigned int)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
}

IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
if (outAvail != 0) {
alog << "Sending commands to driver: " << indent;
const void* cmds = (const void*)bwr.write_buffer;
const void* end = ((const uint8_t*)cmds)+bwr.write_size;
alog << HexDump(cmds, bwr.write_size) << endl;
while (cmds < end) cmds = printCommand(alog, cmds);
alog << dedent;
}
alog << "Size of receive buffer: " << bwr.read_size
<< ", needRead: " << needRead << ", doReceive: " << doReceive << endl;
}

// Return immediately if there is nothing to do.

if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;

bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "About to read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
}
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
else
err = -errno;
#else
err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Finished read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
}
} while (err == -EINTR);

IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Our err: " << (void*)err << ", write consumed: "
<< bwr.write_consumed << " (of " << mOut.dataSize()
<< "), read consumed: " << bwr.read_consumed << endl;
}

if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "Remaining data size: " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
alog << "Received commands from driver: " << indent;
const void* cmds = mIn.data();
const void* end = mIn.data() + mIn.dataSize();
alog << HexDump(cmds, mIn.dataSize()) << endl;
while (cmds < end) cmds = printReturnCommand(alog, cmds);
alog << dedent;
}
return NO_ERROR;
}

return err;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

/*printk(KERN_INFO "binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/

ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret)
return ret;

mutex_lock(&binder_lock);
thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
if (thread == NULL) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}

switch (cmd) {
case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
struct binder_write_read bwr;
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d write %ld at %08lx, read %ld at %08lx\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_size, bwr.write_buffer, bwr.read_size, bwr.read_buffer);
if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);
if (ret < 0) {
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
if (ret < 0) {
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d wrote %ld of %ld, read return %ld of %ld\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_consumed, bwr.write_size, bwr.read_consumed, bwr.read_size);
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
......
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

/*printk(KERN_INFO "binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/

ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret)
return ret;

mutex_lock(&binder_lock);
thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
if (thread == NULL) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}

switch (cmd) {
case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
struct binder_write_read bwr;
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d write %ld at %08lx, read %ld at %08lx\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_size, bwr.write_buffer, bwr.read_size, bwr.read_buffer);
if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);
if (ret < 0) {
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
if (ret < 0) {
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d wrote %ld of %ld, read return %ld of %ld\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_consumed, bwr.write_size, bwr.read_consumed, bwr.read_size);
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
......
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

函数首先是将用户传进来的参数拷贝到本地变量struct binder_write_read bwr中去。这里bwr.write_size > 0为true，因此，进入到binder_thread_write函数中，我们只关注BC_TRANSACTION部分的逻辑：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)
{
uint32_t cmd;
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
}
switch (cmd) {
.....
case BC_TRANSACTION:
case BC_REPLY: {
struct binder_transaction_data tr;

if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);
binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd == BC_REPLY);
break;
}
......
}
*consumed = ptr - buffer;
}
return 0;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{
struct binder_transaction *t;
struct binder_work *tcomplete;
size_t *offp, *off_end;
struct binder_proc *target_proc;
struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
struct list_head *target_list;
wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
uint32_t return_error;

......

if (reply) {
......
} else {
if (tr->target.handle) {
......
} else {
target_node = binder_context_mgr_node;
if (target_node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_no_context_mgr_node;
}
}
......
target_proc = target_node->proc;
if (target_proc == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
......
}
if (target_thread) {
......
} else {
target_list = &target_proc->todo;
target_wait = &target_proc->wait;
}

......

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}
......

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

......

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
......

off_end = (void *)offp + tr->offsets_size;
for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {
struct flat_binder_object *fp;
......
fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp);
switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
struct binder_ref *ref;
struct binder_node *node = binder_get_node(proc, fp->binder);
if (node == NULL) {
node = binder_new_node(proc, fp->binder, fp->cookie);
if (node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_new_node_failed;
}
node->min_priority = fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK;
node->accept_fds = !!(fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS);
}
if (fp->cookie != node->cookie) {
......
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, node);
if (ref == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE;
fp->handle = ref->desc;
binder_inc_ref(ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, &thread->todo);
......

} break;
......
}
}

if (reply) {
......
} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
t->need_reply = 1;
t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
......
}
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
return;
......
}

static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{
struct binder_transaction *t;
struct binder_work *tcomplete;
size_t *offp, *off_end;
struct binder_proc *target_proc;
struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
struct list_head *target_list;
wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
uint32_t return_error;

......

if (reply) {
......
} else {
if (tr->target.handle) {
......
} else {
target_node = binder_context_mgr_node;
if (target_node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_no_context_mgr_node;
}
}
......
target_proc = target_node->proc;
if (target_proc == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
......
}
if (target_thread) {
......
} else {
target_list = &target_proc->todo;
target_wait = &target_proc->wait;
}

......

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}
......

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

......

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
......

off_end = (void *)offp + tr->offsets_size;
for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {
struct flat_binder_object *fp;
......
fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp);
switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
struct binder_ref *ref;
struct binder_node *node = binder_get_node(proc, fp->binder);
if (node == NULL) {
node = binder_new_node(proc, fp->binder, fp->cookie);
if (node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_new_node_failed;
}
node->min_priority = fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK;
node->accept_fds = !!(fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS);
}
if (fp->cookie != node->cookie) {
......
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, node);
if (ref == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE;
fp->handle = ref->desc;
binder_inc_ref(ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, &thread->todo);
......

} break;
......
}
}

if (reply) {
......
} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
t->need_reply = 1;
t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
......
}
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
return;
......
}

注意，这里传进来的参数reply为0，tr->target.handle也为0。因此，target_proc、target_thread、target_node、target_list和target_wait的值分别为：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

target_node = binder_context_mgr_node;
target_proc = target_node->proc;
target_list = &target_proc->todo;
target_wait = &target_proc->wait;

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}
......

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

......

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}
......

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

......

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

注意，这里的事务t是要交给target_proc处理的，在这个场景之下，就是Service Manager了。因此，下面的语句：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

由于现在target_node要被使用了，增加它的引用计数：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
struct binder_ref *ref;
struct binder_node *node = binder_get_node(proc, fp->binder);
if (node == NULL) {
node = binder_new_node(proc, fp->binder, fp->cookie);
if (node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_new_node_failed;
}
node->min_priority = fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK;
node->accept_fds = !!(fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS);
}
if (fp->cookie != node->cookie) {
......
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, node);
if (ref == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE;
fp->handle = ref->desc;
binder_inc_ref(ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, &thread->todo);
......

} break;

switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
struct binder_ref *ref;
struct binder_node *node = binder_get_node(proc, fp->binder);
if (node == NULL) {
node = binder_new_node(proc, fp->binder, fp->cookie);
if (node == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_new_node_failed;
}
node->min_priority = fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK;
node->accept_fds = !!(fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS);
}
if (fp->cookie != node->cookie) {
......
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, node);
if (ref == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;
}
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE;
fp->handle = ref->desc;
binder_inc_ref(ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, &thread->todo);
......

} break;

由于是第一次在Binder驱动程序中传输这个MediaPlayerService，调用binder_get_node函数查询这个Binder实体时，会返回空，于是binder_new_node在proc中新建一个，下次就可以直接使用了。

现在，由于要把这个Binder实体MediaPlayerService交给target_proc，也就是Service Manager来管理，也就是说Service Manager要引用这个MediaPlayerService了，于是通过binder_get_ref_for_node为MediaPlayerService创建一个引用，并且通过binder_inc_ref来增加这个引用计数，防止这个引用还在使用过程当中就被销毁。注意，到了这里的时候，t->buffer中的flat_binder_obj的type已经改为BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE，handle已经改为ref->desc，跟原来不一样了，因为这个flat_binder_obj是最终是要传给Service
Manager的，而Service Manager只能够通过句柄值来引用这个Binder实体。

最后，把待处理事务加入到target_list列表中去：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

现在目标进程有事情可做了，于是唤醒它：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

.......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
.......
} else {
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
break;

switch (w->type) {
......
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);

binder_stat_br(proc, thread, cmd);
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid);

list_del(&w->entry);
kfree(w);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE]++;
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

......
}

done:
......
return 0;
}

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

.......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
.......
} else {
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
break;

switch (w->type) {
......
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);

binder_stat_br(proc, thread, cmd);
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid);

list_del(&w->entry);
kfree(w);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE]++;
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

......
}

done:
......
return 0;
}

这里，thread->transaction_stack和thread->todo均不为空，于是wait_for_proc_work为false，由于binder_has_thread_work的时候，返回true，这里因为thread->todo不为空，因此，线程虽然调用了wait_event_interruptible，但是不会睡眠，于是继续往下执行。

由于thread->todo不为空，执行下列语句：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

switch (w->type) {
......
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);

......
list_del(&w->entry);
kfree(w);

} break;
......
}

switch (w->type) {
......
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);

......
list_del(&w->entry);
kfree(w);

} break;
......
}

这里就将w从thread->todo删除了。由于这里t为空，重新执行while循环，这时由于已经没有事情可做了，最后就返回到binder_ioctl函数中。注间，这里一共往用户传进来的缓冲区buffer写入了两个整数，分别是BR_NOOP和BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE。

binder_ioctl函数返回到用户空间之前，把数据消耗情况拷贝回用户空间中：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
<pre name="code" class="cpp">            mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);

if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
<pre name="code" class="cpp">            mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);

} ...... return NO_ERROR; }

首先是把mOut的数据清空：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

mOut.setDataSize(0);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);

mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);

然后返回到IPCThreadState::waitForResponse函数中。在IPCThreadState::waitForResponse函数，先是从mIn读出一个整数，这个便是BR_NOOP了，这是一个空操作，什么也不做。然后继续进入IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver函数中。

这时候，下面语句执行后：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;

const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;

outAvail等于0。因此，最后bwr.write_size和bwr.read_size均为0，IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver函数什么也不做，直接返回到IPCThreadState::waitForResponse函数中。在IPCThreadState::waitForResponse函数，又继续从mIn读出一个整数，这个便是BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
break;
......
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)

ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)

进入到Binder驱动程序中的binder_ioctl函数中。由于bwr.write_size为0，bwr.read_size不为0，这次直接就进入到binder_thread_read函数中。这时候，thread->transaction_stack不等于0，但是thread->todo为空，于是线程就通过：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
......
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(proc->wait, binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread));
} else {
......
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
break;

switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);
if (t->buffer->target_node) {
struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;
tr.cookie =  target_node->cookie;
......
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;
} else {
......
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;

if (t->from) {
struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;
tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender, current->nsproxy->pid_ns);
} else {
tr.sender_pid = 0;
}

tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);

......

list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}
break;
}

done:

......
return 0;
}

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
......
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(proc->wait, binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread));
} else {
......
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
break;

switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);
if (t->buffer->target_node) {
struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;
tr.cookie =  target_node->cookie;
......
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;
} else {
......
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;

if (t->from) {
struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;
tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender, current->nsproxy->pid_ns);
} else {
tr.sender_pid = 0;
}

tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);

......

list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}
break;
}

done:

......
return 0;
}

Service Manager被唤醒之后，就进入while循环开始处理事务了。这里wait_for_proc_work等于1，并且proc->todo不为空，所以从proc->todo列表中得到第一个工作项：

[cpp]
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w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);

[cpp]
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t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);

t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);

接着就是把事务项t中的数据拷贝到本地局部变量struct binder_transaction_data tr中去了：

[cpp]
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if (t->buffer->target_node) {
struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;
tr.cookie = target_node->cookie;
......
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;
} else {
......
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;

if (t->from) {
struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;
tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender, current->nsproxy->pid_ns);
} else {
tr.sender_pid = 0;
}

tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

[cpp]
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tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

t->buffer->data所指向的地址是内核空间的，现在要把数据返回给Service Manager进程的用户空间，而Service Manager进程的用户空间是不能访问内核空间的数据的，所以这里要作一下处理。怎么处理呢？我们在学面向对象语言的时候，对象的拷贝有深拷贝和浅拷贝之分，深拷贝是把另外分配一块新内存，然后把原始对象的内容搬过去，浅拷贝是并没有为新对象分配一块新空间，而只是分配一个引用，而个引用指向原始对象。Binder机制用的是类似浅拷贝的方法，通过在用户空间分配一个虚拟地址，然后让这个用户空间虚拟地址与 t->buffer->data这个内核空间虚拟地址指向同一个物理地址，这样就可以实现浅拷贝了。怎么样用户空间和内核空间的虚拟地址同时指向同一个物理地址呢？请参考前面一篇文章浅谈Service
Manager成为Android进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder守护进程之路，那里有详细描述。这里只要将t->buffer->data加上一个偏移值proc->user_buffer_offset就可以得到t->buffer->data对应的用户空间虚拟地址了。调整了tr.data.ptr.buffer的值之后，不要忘记也要一起调整tr.data.ptr.offsets的值。

接着就是把tr的内容拷贝到用户传进来的缓冲区去了，指针ptr指向这个用户缓冲区的地址：

[cpp]
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if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);

[cpp]
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list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}

list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}

注意，这里的cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)为true，表明这个事务虽然在驱动程序中已经处理完了，但是它仍然要等待Service Manager完成之后，给驱动程序一个确认，也就是需要等待回复，于是把当前事务t放在thread->transaction_stack队列的头部：

[cpp]
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t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;

[cpp]
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static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

......

switch (cmd) {
case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
struct binder_write_read bwr;
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
......
if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
if (ret < 0) {
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
......
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
......
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;

......

switch (cmd) {
case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
struct binder_write_read bwr;
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
......
if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
if (ret < 0) {
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
}
......
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
......
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
ret = 0;
err:
......
return ret;
}

从binder_thread_read返回来后，再看看proc->todo是否还有事务等待处理，如果是，就把睡眠在proc->wait队列的线程唤醒来处理。最后，把本地变量struct binder_write_read bwr的内容拷贝回到用户传进来的缓冲区中，就返回了。

这里就是返回到frameworks/base/cmds/servicemanager/binder.c文件中的binder_loop函数了：

[cpp]
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void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
{
int res;
struct binder_write_read bwr;
unsigned readbuf[32];

bwr.write_size = 0;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.write_buffer = 0;

readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(unsigned));

for (;;) {
bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = (unsigned) readbuf;

res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);

if (res < 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}

res = binder_parse(bs, 0, readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
if (res == 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
break;
}
if (res < 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
break;
}
}
}

[cpp]
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int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t size, binder_handler func)
{
int r = 1;
uint32_t *end = ptr + (size / 4);

while (ptr < end) {
uint32_t cmd = *ptr++;
......
case BR_TRANSACTION: {
struct binder_txn *txn = (void *) ptr;
if ((end - ptr) * sizeof(uint32_t) < sizeof(struct binder_txn)) {
LOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
return -1;
}
binder_dump_txn(txn);
if (func) {
unsigned rdata[256/4];
struct binder_io msg;
struct binder_io reply;
int res;

bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);
res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);
binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);
}
ptr += sizeof(*txn) / sizeof(uint32_t);
break;
}
......
default:
LOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd);
return -1;
}
}

return r;
}

int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t size, binder_handler func)
{
int r = 1;
uint32_t *end = ptr + (size / 4);

while (ptr < end) {
uint32_t cmd = *ptr++;
......
case BR_TRANSACTION: {
struct binder_txn *txn = (void *) ptr;
if ((end - ptr) * sizeof(uint32_t) < sizeof(struct binder_txn)) {
LOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
return -1;
}
binder_dump_txn(txn);
if (func) {
unsigned rdata[256/4];
struct binder_io msg;
struct binder_io reply;
int res;

bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);
res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);
binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);
}
ptr += sizeof(*txn) / sizeof(uint32_t);
break;
}
......
default:
LOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd);
return -1;
}
}

return r;
}

首先把从Binder驱动程序读出来的数据转换为一个struct binder_txn结构体，保存在txn本地变量中，struct binder_txn定义在frameworks/base/cmds/servicemanager/binder.h文件中：

[cpp]
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struct binder_txn
{
void *target;
void *cookie;
uint32_t code;
uint32_t flags;

uint32_t sender_pid;
uint32_t sender_euid;

uint32_t data_size;
uint32_t offs_size;
void *data;
void *offs;
};

[cpp]
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struct binder_io
{
char *data;            /* pointer to read/write from */
uint32_t *offs;        /* array of offsets */
uint32_t data_avail;   /* bytes available in data buffer */
uint32_t offs_avail;   /* entries available in offsets array */

char *data0;           /* start of data buffer */
uint32_t *offs0;       /* start of offsets buffer */
uint32_t flags;
uint32_t unused;
};

struct binder_io
{
char *data;            /* pointer to read/write from */
uint32_t *offs;        /* array of offsets */
uint32_t data_avail;   /* bytes available in data buffer */
uint32_t offs_avail;   /* entries available in offsets array */

char *data0;           /* start of data buffer */
uint32_t *offs0;       /* start of offsets buffer */
uint32_t flags;
uint32_t unused;
};

接着往下看，函数调bio_init来初始化reply变量：

[cpp]
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void bio_init(struct binder_io *bio, void *data,
uint32_t maxdata, uint32_t maxoffs)
{
uint32_t n = maxoffs * sizeof(uint32_t);

if (n > maxdata) {
bio->flags = BIO_F_OVERFLOW;
bio->data_avail = 0;
bio->offs_avail = 0;
return;
}

bio->data = bio->data0 = data + n;
bio->offs = bio->offs0 = data;
bio->data_avail = maxdata - n;
bio->offs_avail = maxoffs;
bio->flags = 0;
}

[cpp]
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void bio_init_from_txn(struct binder_io *bio, struct binder_txn *txn)
{
bio->data = bio->data0 = txn->data;
bio->offs = bio->offs0 = txn->offs;
bio->data_avail = txn->data_size;
bio->offs_avail = txn->offs_size / 4;
bio->flags = BIO_F_SHARED;
}

void bio_init_from_txn(struct binder_io *bio, struct binder_txn *txn)
{
bio->data = bio->data0 = txn->data;
bio->offs = bio->offs0 = txn->offs;
bio->data_avail = txn->data_size;
bio->offs_avail = txn->offs_size / 4;
bio->flags = BIO_F_SHARED;
}

最后，真正进行处理的函数是从参数中传进来的函数指针func，这里就是定义在frameworks/base/cmds/servicemanager/service_manager.c文件中的svcmgr_handler函数：

[cpp]
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int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
struct binder_txn *txn,
struct binder_io *msg,
struct binder_io *reply)
{
struct svcinfo *si;
uint16_t *s;
unsigned len;
void *ptr;
uint32_t strict_policy;

if (txn->target != svcmgr_handle)
return -1;

// Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC

// header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name.

// Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it

// further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway).

strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||
memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {
fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s));
return -1;
}

switch(txn->code) {
......
case SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE:
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
ptr = bio_get_ref(msg);
if (do_add_service(bs, s, len, ptr, txn->sender_euid))
return -1;
break;
......
}

bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);
return 0;
}

[cpp]
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writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() | STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
writeString16("android.os.IServiceManager");
writeString16("media.player");
writeStrongBinder(new MediaPlayerService());

writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() | STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
writeString16("android.os.IServiceManager");
writeString16("media.player");
writeStrongBinder(new MediaPlayerService());

这里的语句：

[cpp]
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strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
ptr = bio_get_ref(msg);

[cpp]
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struct binder_object
{
uint32_t type;
uint32_t flags;
void *pointer;
void *cookie;
};

struct binder_object
{
uint32_t type;
uint32_t flags;
void *pointer;
void *cookie;
};

这个结构体其实就是对应struct flat_binder_obj的。

接着看bio_get_ref实现：

[cpp]
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void *bio_get_ref(struct binder_io *bio)
{
struct binder_object *obj;

obj = _bio_get_obj(bio);
if (!obj)
return 0;

if (obj->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE)
return obj->pointer;

return 0;
}

[cpp]
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int do_add_service(struct binder_state *bs,
uint16_t *s, unsigned len,
void *ptr, unsigned uid)
{
struct svcinfo *si;
//    LOGI("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d\n", str8(s), ptr, uid);

if (!ptr || (len == 0) || (len > 127))
return -1;

if (!svc_can_register(uid, s)) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - PERMISSION DENIED\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}

si = find_svc(s, len);
if (si) {
if (si->ptr) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - ALREADY REGISTERED\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}
si->ptr = ptr;
} else {
si = malloc(sizeof(*si) + (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));
if (!si) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - OUT OF MEMORY\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}
si->ptr = ptr;
si->len = len;
memcpy(si->name, s, (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));
si->name[len] = '\0';
si->death.func = svcinfo_death;
si->death.ptr = si;
si->next = svclist;
svclist = si;
}

binder_acquire(bs, ptr);
binder_link_to_death(bs, ptr, &si->death);
return 0;
}

int do_add_service(struct binder_state *bs,
uint16_t *s, unsigned len,
void *ptr, unsigned uid)
{
struct svcinfo *si;
//    LOGI("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d\n", str8(s), ptr, uid);

if (!ptr || (len == 0) || (len > 127))
return -1;

if (!svc_can_register(uid, s)) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - PERMISSION DENIED\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}

si = find_svc(s, len);
if (si) {
if (si->ptr) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - ALREADY REGISTERED\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}
si->ptr = ptr;
} else {
si = malloc(sizeof(*si) + (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));
if (!si) {
LOGE("add_service('%s',%p) uid=%d - OUT OF MEMORY\n",
str8(s), ptr, uid);
return -1;
}
si->ptr = ptr;
si->len = len;
memcpy(si->name, s, (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));
si->name[len] = '\0';
si->death.func = svcinfo_death;
si->death.ptr = si;
si->next = svclist;
svclist = si;
}

binder_acquire(bs, ptr);
binder_link_to_death(bs, ptr, &si->death);
return 0;
}

这个函数的实现很简单，就是把MediaPlayerService这个Binder实体的引用写到一个struct svcinfo结构体中，主要是它的名称和句柄值，然后插入到链接svclist的头部去。这样，Client来向Service Manager查询服务接口时，只要给定服务名称，Service Manger就可以返回相应的句柄值了。

这个函数执行完成后，返回到svcmgr_handler函数，函数的最后，将一个错误码0写到reply变量中去，表示一切正常：

[cpp]
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bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);

[cpp]
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binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);

binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);

我们看一下binder_send_reply的实现，从函数名就可以猜到它要做什么了，告诉Binder驱动程序，它完成了Binder驱动程序交给它的任务了。

[cpp]
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void binder_send_reply(struct binder_state *bs,
struct binder_io *reply,
void *buffer_to_free,
int status)
{
struct {
uint32_t cmd_free;
void *buffer;
uint32_t cmd_reply;
struct binder_txn txn;
} __attribute__((packed)) data;

data.cmd_free = BC_FREE_BUFFER;
data.buffer = buffer_to_free;
data.cmd_reply = BC_REPLY;
data.txn.target = 0;
data.txn.cookie = 0;
data.txn.code = 0;
if (status) {
data.txn.flags = TF_STATUS_CODE;
data.txn.data_size = sizeof(int);
data.txn.offs_size = 0;
data.txn.data = &status;
data.txn.offs = 0;
} else {
data.txn.flags = 0;
data.txn.data_size = reply->data - reply->data0;
data.txn.offs_size = ((char*) reply->offs) - ((char*) reply->offs0);
data.txn.data = reply->data0;
data.txn.offs = reply->offs0;
}
binder_write(bs, &data, sizeof(data));
}

[cpp]
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int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, unsigned len)
{
struct binder_write_read bwr;
int res;
bwr.write_size = len;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.write_buffer = (unsigned) data;
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
if (res < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"binder_write: ioctl failed (%s)\n",
strerror(errno));
}
return res;
}

int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, unsigned len)
{
struct binder_write_read bwr;
int res;
bwr.write_size = len;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.write_buffer = (unsigned) data;
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
if (res < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"binder_write: ioctl failed (%s)\n",
strerror(errno));
}
return res;
}

这里可以看出，只有写操作，没有读操作，即read_size为0。

这里又是一个ioctl的BINDER_WRITE_READ操作。直入到驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数后，执行BINDER_WRITE_READ命令，这里就不累述了。

最后，从binder_ioctl执行到binder_thread_write函数，我们首先看第一个命令BC_FREE_BUFFER：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

int
binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)
{
uint32_t cmd;
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
}
switch (cmd) {
......
case BC_FREE_BUFFER: {
void __user *data_ptr;
struct binder_buffer *buffer;

if (get_user(data_ptr, (void * __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(void *);

buffer = binder_buffer_lookup(proc, data_ptr);
if (buffer == NULL) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d "
"BC_FREE_BUFFER u%p no match\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, data_ptr);
break;
}
if (!buffer->allow_user_free) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d "
"BC_FREE_BUFFER u%p matched "
"unreturned buffer\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, data_ptr);
break;
}
if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_FREE_BUFFER)
printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d BC_FREE_BUFFER u%p found buffer %d for %s transaction\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, data_ptr, buffer->debug_id,
buffer->transaction ? "active" : "finished");

if (buffer->transaction) {
buffer->transaction->buffer = NULL;
buffer->transaction = NULL;
}
if (buffer->async_transaction && buffer->target_node) {
BUG_ON(!buffer->target_node->has_async_transaction);
if (list_empty(&buffer->target_node->async_todo))
buffer->target_node->has_async_transaction = 0;
else
list_move_tail(buffer->target_node->async_todo.next, &thread->todo);
}
binder_transaction_buffer_release(proc, buffer, NULL);
binder_free_buf(proc, buffer);
break;
}

......
*consumed = ptr - buffer;
}
return 0;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

get_user(data_ptr, (void * __user *)ptr)

get_user(data_ptr, (void * __user *)ptr)

这个是获得要删除的Buffer的用户空间地址，接着通过下面这个语句来找到这个地址对应的struct binder_buffer信息：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

buffer = binder_buffer_lookup(proc, data_ptr);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

binder_transaction_buffer_release(proc, buffer, NULL);
binder_free_buf(proc, buffer);

binder_transaction_buffer_release(proc, buffer, NULL);
binder_free_buf(proc, buffer);

再来看另外一个命令BC_REPLY：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

int
binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)
{
uint32_t cmd;
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
}
switch (cmd) {
......
case BC_TRANSACTION:
case BC_REPLY: {
struct binder_transaction_data tr;

if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);
binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd == BC_REPLY);
break;
}

......
*consumed = ptr - buffer;
}
return 0;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{
struct binder_transaction *t;
struct binder_work *tcomplete;
size_t *offp, *off_end;
struct binder_proc *target_proc;
struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
struct list_head *target_list;
wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
uint32_t return_error;

......

if (reply) {
in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;
if (in_reply_to == NULL) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_empty_call_stack;
}
binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
.......
goto err_bad_call_stack;
}
thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;
target_thread = in_reply_to->from;
if (target_thread == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
if (target_thread->transaction_stack != in_reply_to) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
in_reply_to = NULL;
target_thread = NULL;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
target_proc = target_thread->proc;
} else {
......
}
if (target_thread) {
e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
target_list = &target_thread->todo;
target_wait = &target_thread->wait;
} else {
......
}

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"data ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"offsets ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

......

if (reply) {
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
......
} else {
......
}
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
return;
......
}

static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{
struct binder_transaction *t;
struct binder_work *tcomplete;
size_t *offp, *off_end;
struct binder_proc *target_proc;
struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
struct list_head *target_list;
wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
uint32_t return_error;

......

if (reply) {
in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;
if (in_reply_to == NULL) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_empty_call_stack;
}
binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
.......
goto err_bad_call_stack;
}
thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;
target_thread = in_reply_to->from;
if (target_thread == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
if (target_thread->transaction_stack != in_reply_to) {
......
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
in_reply_to = NULL;
target_thread = NULL;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
target_proc = target_thread->proc;
} else {
......
}
if (target_thread) {
e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
target_list = &target_thread->todo;
target_wait = &target_thread->wait;
} else {
......
}

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"data ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"offsets ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

......

if (reply) {
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
......
} else {
......
}
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
return;
......
}

注意，这里的reply为1，我们忽略掉其它无关代码。

前面Service Manager正在binder_thread_read函数中被MediaPlayerService启动后进程唤醒后，在最后会把当前处理完的事务放在thread->transaction_stack中：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;

in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;

接着就可以通过in_reply_to得到最终发出这个事务请求的线程和进程：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

target_thread = in_reply_to->from;
target_proc = target_thread->proc;

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

target_list = &target_thread->todo;
target_wait = &target_thread->wait;

target_list = &target_thread->todo;
target_wait = &target_thread->wait;

下面这一段代码：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (t == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}

tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;
}

if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
t->from = thread;
else
t->from = NULL;
t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
t->to_proc = target_proc;
t->to_thread = target_thread;
t->code = tr->code;
t->flags = tr->flags;
t->priority = task_nice(current);
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;
}
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
t->buffer->transaction = t;
t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
if (target_node)
binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);

offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));

if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"data ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}
if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {
binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid "
"offsets ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
goto err_copy_data_failed;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);

binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);

我们看看做了什么事情：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static void
binder_pop_transaction(
struct binder_thread *target_thread, struct binder_transaction *t)
{
if (target_thread) {
BUG_ON(target_thread->transaction_stack != t);
BUG_ON(target_thread->transaction_stack->from != target_thread);
target_thread->transaction_stack =
target_thread->transaction_stack->from_parent;
t->from = NULL;
}
t->need_reply = 0;
if (t->buffer)
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

和前面一样，分别把t和tcomplete分别放在target_list和thread->todo队列中，这里的target_list指的就是最初调用IServiceManager::addService的MediaPlayerService的Server主线程的的thread->todo队列了，而thread->todo指的是Service Manager中用来回复IServiceManager::addService请求的线程。

最后，唤醒等待在target_wait队列上的线程了，就是最初调用IServiceManager::addService的MediaPlayerService的Server主线程了，它最后在binder_thread_read函数中睡眠在thread->wait上，就是这里的target_wait了：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);

把一个工作项tcompelete放在了在thread->todo中，这个tcompelete的type为BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE，因此，Binder驱动程序会执行下面操作：

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {
cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);

list_del(&w->entry);
kfree(w);

} break;
......
}

[cpp]
view plaincopyprint?

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
......
} else {
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

......

switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);
if (t->buffer->target_node) {
......
} else {
tr.target.ptr = NULL;
tr.cookie = NULL;
cmd = BR_REPLY;
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;

if (t->from) {
......
} else {
tr.sender_pid = 0;
}

tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);

......

list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
......
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}
break;
}

done:
......
return 0;
}

static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
void  __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;

int ret = 0;
int wait_for_proc_work;

if (*consumed == 0) {
if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
}

retry:
wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);

......

if (wait_for_proc_work) {
......
} else {
if (non_block) {
if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread))
ret = -EAGAIN;
} else
ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));
}

......

while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;

if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
else {
if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
goto retry;
break;
}

......

switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
} break;
......
}

if (!t)
continue;

BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);
if (t->buffer->target_node) {
......
} else {
tr.target.ptr = NULL;
tr.cookie = NULL;
cmd = BR_REPLY;
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;

if (t->from) {
......
} else {
tr.sender_pid = 0;
}

tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));

if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);

......

list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
......
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t);
binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;
}
break;
}

done:
......
return 0;
}

在while循环中，从thread->todo得到w，w->type为BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION，于是，得到t。从上面可以知道，Service Manager反回了一个0回来，写在t->buffer->data里面，现在把t->buffer->data加上proc->user_buffer_offset，得到用户空间地址，保存在tr.data.ptr.buffer里面，这样用户空间就可以访问这个返回码了。由于cmd不等于BR_TRANSACTION，这时就可以把t删除掉了，因为以后都不需要用了。

执行完这个函数后，就返回到binder_ioctl函数，执行下面语句，把数据返回给用户空间：

[cpp]
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if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}

[cpp]
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status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;

while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;

......

cmd = mIn.readInt32();

......

switch (cmd) {
......
case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;

if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
......
}
} else {
......
}
}
goto finish;

......
}
}

finish:
......
return err;
}

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;

while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;

......

cmd = mIn.readInt32();

......

switch (cmd) {
......
case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;

if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
......
}
} else {
......
}
}
goto finish;

......
}
}

finish:
......
return err;
}

注意，这里的tr.flags等于0，这个是在上面的binder_send_reply函数里设置的。最终把结果保存在reply了：

[cpp]
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reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),
freeBuffer, this);

[cpp]
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ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

首先看ProcessState::startThreadPool函数的实现：

[cpp]
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void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);
}
}

[cpp]
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void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "Binder Thread #%d", s);
LOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", buf);
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
t->run(buf);
}
}

void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "Binder Thread #%d", s);
LOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", buf);
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
t->run(buf);
}
}

这里主要是创建一个线程，PoolThread继续Thread类，Thread类定义在frameworks/base/libs/utils/Threads.cpp文件中，其run函数最终调用子类的threadLoop函数，这里即为PoolThread::threadLoop函数：

[cpp]
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virtual bool threadLoop()
{
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}

[cpp]
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void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL\n", (void*)pthread_self(), getpid());

mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);

......

status_t result;
do {
int32_t cmd;

.......

// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary

result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
......
}

result = executeCommand(cmd);
}

......
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);

.......

mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
}

void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL\n", (void*)pthread_self(), getpid());

mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);

......

status_t result;
do {
int32_t cmd;

.......

// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
......
}

result = executeCommand(cmd);
}

......
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);

.......

mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
}

这个函数最终是在一个无穷循环中，通过调用talkWithDriver函数来和Binder驱动程序进行交互，实际上就是调用talkWithDriver来等待Client的请求，然后再调用executeCommand来处理请求，而在executeCommand函数中，最终会调用BBinder::transact来真正处理Client的请求：

[cpp]
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status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
status_t result = NO_ERROR;

switch (cmd) {
......

case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));

......

Parcel reply;

......

if (tr.target.ptr) {
sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie);
const status_t error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);

} else {
const status_t error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
}

......
}
break;

.......
}

if (result != NO_ERROR) {
mLastError = result;
}

return result;
}

[cpp]
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status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);

status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
break;
}

if (reply != NULL) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}

return err;
}

status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);

status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
break;
}

if (reply != NULL) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}

return err;
}

最终会调用onTransact函数来处理。在这个场景中，BnMediaPlayerService继承了BBinder类，并且重载了onTransact函数，因此，这里实际上是调用了BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact函数，这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/media/libmedia/IMediaPlayerService.cpp文件中：

[cpp]
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status_t BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
switch(code) {
case CREATE_URL: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_FD: {
......
} break;
case DECODE_URL: {
......
} break;
case DECODE_FD: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_MEDIA_RECORDER: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_METADATA_RETRIEVER: {
......
} break;
case GET_OMX: {
......
} break;
default:
return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
}

status_t BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
switch(code) {
case CREATE_URL: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_FD: {
......
} break;
case DECODE_URL: {
......
} break;
case DECODE_FD: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_MEDIA_RECORDER: {
......
} break;
case CREATE_METADATA_RETRIEVER: {
......
} break;
case GET_OMX: {
......
} break;
default:
return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
}
至此，我们就以MediaPlayerService为例，完整地介绍了Android系统进程间通信Binder机制中的Server启动过程。Server启动起来之后，就会在一个无穷循环中等待Client的请求了。在下一篇文章中，我们将介绍Client如何通过Service Manager远程接口来获得Server远程接口，进而调用Server远程接口来使用Server提供的服务，敬请关注。