CentOS5.6（64位）安装oracle 10g

1、安装环境需求



1.1-磁盘空间需求

/tmp 不能少于1GB

df –h /tmp

查看磁盘空间

df -h

1.2-RPM包需求

On Linux X86:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libgcc-4.1.2

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)

unixODBC-devel-2.2.11(32 bit)

pdksh-5.2.14

numactl-0.9.8

libXp-1.0.0

libXp-devel-1.0.0

libXau-devel-1.0.1

On Linux X86-64:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(32 bit)

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125

expat-1.95.8

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-2.5-24(32 bit)

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-0.3.106(32 bit)

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106(32 bit)

libgcc-4.1.2

libgcc-4.1.2(32 bit)

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2(32 bit)

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)

unixODBC-2.2.11(64 bit)

unixODBC-devel-2.2.11(64 bit)

pdksh-5.2.14

numactl-0.9.8(64 bit)

检测包是否安装

rpm –q package_name

在线下载安装包

yum –y install package_name

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh numactl libXp libXp-devel libXau-devel

1.3-Core文件编辑

修改/etc/profile文件，将

ulimit -s -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1

修改为：

ulimit -s -c unlimited > /dev/null 2>&1

vi /etc/profile

按下i键进入编辑模式，修改之后，按ESC进入命令模式，输入”:wq”保存退出；

1.4-创建用户和用户组

创建用户组:oinstall,dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba

创建用户：oracle,

/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

passwd oracle

1.5-修改oracle用户资源限制

修改/etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 65536

oracle hard nproc 65536

oracle soft nofile 65536

oracle hard nofile 65536

在/etc/pam.d/login增加下列参数

session required pam_limits.so

1.6-配置内核参数

修改/etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

以上参数为最小值需求，如果实际值大于最小值，则以实际值为准。

运行命令使参数生效

/sbin/sysctl –p

运行命令，确认参数已生效

/sbin/sysctl –a

1.7-创建目录及分配权限

mkdir -p /data/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle

chmod -R 775 /data/oracle

1.8-配置用户环境变量

修改系统版本信息:/etc/redhat-release

将CentOS release 5 (final)修改成

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 3 (Taroon)

(oracle 10不支持5)

修改/etc/hosts参数，增加

192.168.56.101 localhost.localdomain localhost

192.168.56.101为机器的静态IP

关闭SELINUX模式

编辑/etc/selinux/config

修改SELINUX= disabled

切换到oracle用户

su – oracle

修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=vbora10g

export ORACLE_SID

NLS_LANG=american_america.UTF8

export NLS_LANG

LANG=en_US

export LANG

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export TNS_ADMIN

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export CLASSPATH

umask 022

保存退出。

载入环境变量：

source .bash_profile

1.9、Oracle 安装

切换到root权限

su –

xhost +

进入oracle压缩包所在目录，解压缩安装包

gzip –d 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz

cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

切换到oracle用户，进入oracle安装文件目录，运行

./runInstaller

开始图形安装oracle

安装完毕后运行命令

/data/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

2.0、数据库配置

配置 /etc/oratab

修改为

ORCL:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

配置$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/linstener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = vbora10g)

(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME = vbora10g)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.20.220.247)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

配置$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

ORA10G =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.20.220.247)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = vbora10g)

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)

配置数据库和监听自动启动

切换到root权限

vi /etc/oratab

修改

vbora10g:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

为

vbora10g:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

su - oracle

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin

vi dbstart

修改

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle

为

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

su - root

cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

vi oradbstart

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: 345 99 10

# description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=vbora10g

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

case "$1" in

start)

su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart

touch /var/lock/oracle

echo "OK"

;;

stop)

echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "

su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut

rm -f /var/lock/oracle

echo "OK"

;;

*)

echo "Usage: 'basename $0' start|stop"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

保存退出

su - root

chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart

chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart

chkconfig --add oradbstart

chkconfig --list oradbstart

启动数据库：

/etc/init.d/oradbstart start

新建库：

用oracle用户登录，在终端输入dbca命令，图形界面建数据库

通过sqlplus管理工具手工启动和关闭数据库，首先执行如下命令进入sqlplus并连接数据库。

$export ORACLE_SID= vbora10g //指定使用的数据库名称

$export NLS_LANG=anerican_america.zhs16gbk //指定sqlplus中使用的语言

$sqlplus /nolog

SQL> conn sys as sysdba //以sys用户登录数据库

Enter password： //输入sys用户的密码

Connected. //登录成功

如果要启动数据库，可在sqlplus中执行startup命令，

SQL> conn sys as sysdba

Enter password:

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes

Fixed Size 2020384 bytes

Variable Size 318770144 bytes

Database Buffers 889192448 bytes

Redo Buffers 14753792 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

如果要关闭数据库，执行如下命令：

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

数据库启动成功后，用户只能在本地服务器上对数据库访问，如果要通过网络访问数据库，还要启动网络监听程序。

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAR-2012 00:17:44

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 12-MAR-2012 00:17:44

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "vbora10g" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "vbora10g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

关闭网络监听程序：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAR-2012 00:18:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

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