【Android（一）】如何在Ubuntu上配置安卓开发环境

时隔几年，终于还是重回Android阵营，重新学习Android，边写边记笔记，以免以后自己忘记。

此文主要摘自：http://source.android.com/source/initializing.html，并在其中加上自己的注解

在开始之前，需要先安装VMware Tools等工具，可以参考笔者另一篇文章：Ubuntu使用心得

Initializing a Build Environment

The "Getting Started" section describes how to set up your local work environment, how to use Repo to get the Android files, and how to build the files on your machine. To build the Android source files, you will need to use Linux or Mac OS. Building under
Windows is not currently supported.

Note: The source download is approximately 6GB in size.You will need 25GB free to complete a single build, andup to 90GB (or more) for a full set of builds.

注：代码本身不需要要90G，但若分配太少的话，编译几个项目后就得经常清理空间。故我还是分配了90G空间。


For an overview of the entire code-review and code-update process, see
Life of a Patch.

Setting up a Linux build environment

The Android build is routinely tested in house on recent versions ofUbuntu LTS (10.04), but most distributions should have the requiredbuild tools available. Reports of successes or failures on otherdistributions are welcome.

Note: It is also possible to build Android in a virtual machine.If you are running Linux in a virtual machine, you will need atleast 16GB of RAM/swap and 30GB or more of disk space in order tobuild the Android tree.

In general you will need:

Python 2.5 -- 2.7, which you can download from
python.org.

GNU Make 3.81 -- 3.82, which you can download from
gnu.org,

JDK 6 if you wish to build Gingerbread or newer; JDK 5 for Froyo or older. You can download both fromjava.sun.com.

Git 1.7 or newer. You can find it at git-scm.com.

Detailed instructions for Ubuntu 10.04+ follow.

Installing the JDK

The Sun JDK is no longer in Ubuntu's main package repository. In order to download it, you need to add the appropriate repository and indicate to the system which JDK should be used.

Java 6: for Gingerbread and newer

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

注：在Ubuntu11.10上，上述指令会导致如下错误：

[code]现在没有可用的软件包 sun-java6-jdk，但是它被其它的软件包引用了。
这可能意味着这个缺失的软件包可能已被废弃，

[/code]
建议直接从sun网站上下载最新的jdk安装，步骤如下：

1）从 http://java.sun.com 下载最新的jdk（目前是jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin）；

2）拷贝该文件到 /usr/src 下

3）在 终端 下执行如下命令：

[code]$ cd /usr/src
$ sudo ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

[/code]
4）配置环境变量，将以下加到 /etc/profile 的最后，并执行：source /etc/profile：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/myLinux/jdk1.6.0_16
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar 

Java 5: for Froyo and older

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main multiverse"
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main multiverse"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk

Note: The

lunch

command in the build step will ensure that the Sun JDK isused instead of any previously installed JDK.

Installing required packages (Ubuntu 10.04 -- 11.10)

Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit is recommended. Building using a newer version of Ubuntu or a 32-bit Ubuntu iscurrently only experimentally supported and is not guaranteed to work on branches other than master.

64-bit (recommended)

$ sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl zlib1g-dev libc6-dev lib32ncurses5-dev ia32-libs \
x11proto-core-dev libx11-dev lib32readline5-dev lib32z-dev \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos python-markdown \
libxml2-utils xsltproc

On Ubuntu 10.10:

$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib32/mesa/libGL.so.1 /usr/lib32/mesa/libGL.so

On Ubuntu 11.10:

注：以下是Ubuntu11.10下的配置

$ sudo apt-get install libx11-dev:i386

32-bit (experimental)

$ sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl zlib1g-dev libc6-dev libncurses5-dev x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev libreadline6-dev libgl1-mesa-dev tofrodos python-markdown \
libxml2-utils xsltproc

注：

    1 还需要安装如下package：libglib2.0-dev ：否则编译Android（make -j4）时会出现“glib-mkenums：未找到命令glib-genmarshal：未找到命令” 错误

    2 涉及内核开发的，需要安装uboot-mkimage 。

        sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage

    以免编译内核出错："mkimage" command not found

Installing required packages (Ubuntu 12.04)

Building on Ubuntu 12.04 is currently only experimentally supported and is notguaranteed to work on branches other than master.

$ sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-dev:i386 \
g++-multilib mingw32 openjdk-6-jdk tofrodos python-markdown \
libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386

You may also need to fix a compilation issue in a kernel header:

$ sudo vim /usr/include/linux/usb/ch9.h  # line 592

# return le16_to_cpu(epd->wMaxPacketSize);
return __le16_to_cpu(epd->wMaxPacketSize);

Configuring USB Access

Under GNU/linux systems (and specifically under Ubuntu systems),regular users can't directly access USB devices by default. The system needs to be configured to allow such access.

The recommended approach is to create a file

/etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

(as the root user) and to copy the following lines in it. must be replaced by the actual username of the user who is authorized to access the phones over USB.

# adb protocol on passion (Nexus One)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="4e12", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# fastboot protocol on passion (Nexus One)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0bb4", ATTR{idProduct}=="0fff", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# adb protocol on crespo/crespo4g (Nexus S)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="4e22", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# fastboot protocol on crespo/crespo4g (Nexus S)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="4e20", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# adb protocol on stingray/wingray (Xoom)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="22b8", ATTR{idProduct}=="70a9", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# fastboot protocol on stingray/wingray (Xoom)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="708c", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# adb protocol on maguro/toro (Galaxy Nexus)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="04e8", ATTR{idProduct}=="6860", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# fastboot protocol on maguro/toro (Galaxy Nexus)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="4e30", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# adb protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0451", ATTR{idProduct}=="d101", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# fastboot protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0451", ATTR{idProduct}=="d022", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"
# usbboot protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0451", ATTR{idProduct}=="d010", MODE="0600", OWNER="<username>"

Those new rules take effect the next time a device is plugged in.It might therefore be necessary to unplug the device and plug itback into the computer.

This is known to work on both Ubuntu Hardy Heron (8.04.x LTS) andLucid Lynx (10.04.x LTS). Other versions of Ubuntu or othervariants of GNU/linux might require different configurations.

Setting up ccache

You can optionally tell the build to use the ccache compilation tool.Ccache acts as a compiler cache that can be used to speed-up rebuilds.This works very well if you do "make clean" often, or if you frequently switch between different build products.

Put the following in your .bashrc or equivalent.

export USE_CCACHE=1

By default the cache will be stored in ~/.ccache.If your home directory is on NFS or some other non-local filesystem,you will want to specify the directory in your .bashrc as well.

export CCACHE_DIR=<path-to-your-cache-directory>

The suggested cache size is 50-100GB.You will need to run the following command once you have downloaded the source code.

prebuilt/linux-x86/ccache/ccache -M 50G

This setting is stored in the CCACHE_DIR and is persistent.

Setting up a Mac OS X build environment

To build the Android files in a Mac OS environment, you need anIntel/x86 machine running MacOS 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

Android must be built on a case-sensitive file system because the sources contain files that differ only in case. We recommend that you build Android on a partition that has been formatted with the journaled file system HFS+. HFS+ is required to successfully
build Mac OS applications such as the Android Emulator for OS X.

Creating a case sensitive disk image

If you want to avoid partitioning/formatting your hard drive, you can usea case-sensitive disk image instead. To create the image, launch DiskUtility and select "New Image". A size of 25GB is the minimum tocomplete the build, larger numbers are more future-proof.
Using sparse imagessaves space while allowing to grow later as the need arises. Be sure to select"case sensitive, journaled" as the volume format.

You can also create it from a shell with the following command:

# hdiutil create -type SPARSE -fs 'Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+' -size 40g ~/android.dmg

This will create a .dmg (or possibly a .dmg.sparsefile) file which, once mounted, acts as a drive with the required formatting for Android development. For a disk image named "android.dmg" stored in your home directory, you can add the following to your

~/.bash_profile

to mount the image when you execute "mountAndroid":

# mount the android file image
function mountAndroid { hdiutil attach ~/android.dmg -mountpoint /Volumes/android; }

Once mounted, you'll do all your work in the "android" volume. You can eject it (unmount it) just like you would with an external drive.

Installing required packages

Install XCode from the Apple developer site.We recommend version 3.1.4 or newer, i.e. gcc 4.2.Version 4.x could cause difficulties.If you are not already registered as an Apple developer, you will have tocreate an
Apple ID in order to download.

Install MacPorts from macports.org.

Note: Make sure that

/opt/local/bin

appears in your path BEFORE

/usr/bin

. If not, add

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:$PATH

to your

~/.bash_profile

.

Get make, git, and GPG packages from MacPorts:

$ POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 sudo port install gmake libsdl git-core gnupg

If using Mac OS 10.4, also install bison:

$ POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 sudo port install bison

Reverting from make 3.82

There is a bug in gmake 3.82 that prevents android from building. You can install version 3.81 using MacPorts by taking the following steps:

Edit

/opt/local/etc/macports/sources.conf

and add a line that says

file:///Users/Shared/dports

above the rsync line. Then create this directory:

$ mkdir /Users/Shared/dports

In the new

dports

directory, run

$ svn co --revision 50980 http://svn.macports.org/repository/macports/trunk/dports/devel/gmake/ devel/gmake/

Create a port index for your new local repository:

$ portindex /Users/Shared/dports

Finally, install the old version of gmake with

$ sudo port install gmake @3.81

Setting a file descriptor limit

On MacOS the default limit on the number of simultaneous file descriptors open is too low and a highly parallel build process may exceed this limit.

To increase the cap, add the following lines to your

~/.bash_profile

:

# set the number of open files to be 1024
ulimit -S -n 1024

Next: Download the source

Your build environment is good to go! Proceed to
downloading the source....