Xen 虚拟机的使用：启动、关闭、暂停、回复、重启、进入终端 等

Xen 虚拟机的使用

(一) 使用虚拟机配置文件和磁盘文件来手动启动虚拟机系统

创建完虚拟机系统后虚拟系统会启动起来，使用xm list 命令能查看到启动的所有虚拟机， 但我们下次重新启动系统后，使用xm list 将不能看到创建的虚拟机， 网络设备中也不能看到虚拟机对应的网络设备。此时我们需要根据创建虚拟机时产生的配置文件和磁盘文件来手动启动虚拟机系统。



[root@gmnode14 software]# xm list

Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)

Domain-0 0 4936 8 r----- 173.4

[root@gmnode14 Xen_zkl]# ifconfig 查看网络设备

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:81:C0:52:85

inet addr:10.10.113.14 Bcast:10.10.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0

inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:81ff:fec0:5285/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:13405 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:3144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:1701456 (1.6 MiB) TX bytes:7347870 (7.0 MiB)

Interrupt:251 Base address:0x2000

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:23680 (23.1 KiB) TX bytes:23680 (23.1 KiB)

virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:142 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:122 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:15472 (15.1 KiB) TX bytes:16625 (16.2 KiB)

我们每创建一个虚拟机系统，就会产生两个文件：一个是虚拟机磁盘文件vm01-centos-5.5-pv.img 和一个虚拟机配置文件/etc/xen/vm01-CentOS-5.5，配置文件内容如下：

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

name = "vm01-CentOS-5.5" 虚拟机名称

uuid = "0283f36d-c95a-521b-737d-e400ca657029"

maxmem = 1024 最大内存

memory = 1024 虚拟机内存

vcpus = 4 cpu个数

bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"

on_poweroff = "destroy"

on_reboot = "restart"

on_crash = "restart"

disk = [ "tap:aio:/local/Xen_zkl/vm01-CentOS-5.5/vm01-CentOS-5.5.img,xvda,w" ] 磁盘文件

vif = [ "mac=00:16:36:40:43:85,bridge=virbr0,script=vif-bridge" ] 网络设备

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@gmnode14 software]# xm create /etc/xen/vm01-CentOS-5.5 使用配置文件创建一个域

Using config file "/etc/xen/vm01-CentOS-5.5".

Started domain vm01-CentOS-5.5

若启动时出错，则参考 安装Xen、创建Xen虚拟机、使用Xen虚拟机过程中经常出现的错误总结

[root@gmnode14 software]# xm list

Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)

Domain-0 0 6984 8 r----- 167.7

vm01-CentOS-5.5 1 1024 4 -b---- 0.6 创建的域的ID为1

[root@gmnode14 software]# xm create /etc/xen/vm02-CentOS-5.5-full

Using config file "/etc/xen/vm02-CentOS-5.5-full".

Started domain vm02-CentOS-5.5-full

[root@gmnode14 software]# xm list

Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)

Domain-0 0 4936 8 r----- 173.4

vm01-CentOS-5.5 1 1023 4 r----- 11.4

vm02-CentOS-5.5-full 2 2048 4 -b---- 0.8 创建的域的ID为2

[root@gmnode14 software]# xm list

Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)

Domain-0 0 4936 8 r----- 182.8

vm01-CentOS-5.5 3 1023 4 -b---- 19.6

vm02-CentOS-5.5-full 4 2047 4 -b---- 34.4

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

启动虚拟机后，相应的网络设备也添加了。

[root@gmnode14 Xen_zkl]# ifconfig 查看网络设备

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:81:C0:52:85

inet addr:10.10.113.14 Bcast:10.10.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0

inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:81ff:fec0:5285/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:13758 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:3307 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:1741480 (1.6 MiB) TX bytes:7373148 (7.0 MiB)

Interrupt:251 Base address:0x2000

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:23680 (23.1 KiB) TX bytes:23680 (23.1 KiB)

vif1.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF domain 1 的网络设备

inet6 addr: fe80::fcff:ffff:feff:ffff/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:32

RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:4628 (4.5 KiB)

vif2.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF domain 2 的网络设备

UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:32

RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:142 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:122 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:15472 (15.1 KiB) TX bytes:16625 (16.2 KiB)

(二) xm 命令详解

xm console <域ID> # 从宿主机进入虚拟机的终端，退出时按 ctrl + ]

xm reboot <域ID> # 重新启动虚拟机

xm pause <域ID> #暂停虚拟机

xm resume <域ID> # 恢复被暂停的虚拟机

xm shutdown <域ID> # 关闭 domain

(二) 相关工具

virt-manager 创建、删除、修改虚拟机

virt-viewer 显示安装了图形界面的虚拟机的界面 ，例如 virt-viewer <domain-id>