linux 磁盘分区,格式化操练手记

操练开始......

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//先查看哈已知的分区信息

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 1 123 987934+ 83 Linux

//其实设备/dev/sdb有4GB，不懂操作，照猫画虎结果做成了这么一点点:(

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk /dev/sdb

//重新来——只不过是从头再来……

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): d

//我要把它们统统杀掉——delete

Partition number (1-5): 5

//要从logical倒着来delete，和在DOC下面操作windows系统的FAT一样

//悄无声息的就完成了，一点提示都没有的......

Command (m for help): w

//必须w一下让以上操作作用了...

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//查看一哈，呵呵，/dev/sdb5真的不消失了...

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 5 Extended

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 522 4192933+ 5 Extended

//继续我的delete，直到杀完为止:)

//直接就剩下了extended了，用delete是除不掉的，它只能delete partition

[root@Fedora root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)

/dev/sdb1: Invalid argument passed to ext2 library while setting up superblock

[root@Fedora root]# mke2fs /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)

/dev/sdb1: Invalid argument passed to ext2 library while setting up superblock

//奶奶的咧...还格不了了它...

//哦，是没有卸载sdb5

[root@Fedora root]# umount /mnt/sdb5

[root@Fedora root]# umount /mnt/sdb1

umount: /mnt/sdb1: not mounted

//把挂载的盘全卸载掉，不然不让格式化？

[root@Fedora root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb

//把整个磁盘entire device全格了......

mke2fs 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)

/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

524288 inodes, 1048576 blocks

52428 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

32 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//查看哈子，确实没有了，显示只有孤零零的disk

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk /dev/sdb

//刚才操练的是delete，现在来add a new partition......

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-522, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-522, default 522):

Using default value 522

//选1-522 cylinder，全盘操作。

//但是必须，还得添加logical partition，extended 基础上就是logical

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//看哈子，4GB都成了Extended了:)

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 522 4192933+ 5 Extended

[root@Fedora root]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1

mount: error while guessing filesystem type

mount: you must specify the filesystem type

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): v

8385928 unallocated sectors

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (1-522, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-522, default 522):

Using default value 522

//全部给logical partition

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//显示如我所愿:)

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 522 4192933+ 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 1 522 4192902 83 Linux

[root@Fedora root]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5

mount: you must specify the filesystem type

//原来是没有format，需要指定一个filesystem:(

//那么就大胆的mkfs.ext3吧

[root@Fedora root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5

mke2fs 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

524288 inodes, 1048225 blocks

52411 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

32 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@Fedora root]# fdisk -l

//再次查看我的杰作

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 979 7759395 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 980 1044 522112+ 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 522 4192933+ 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 1 522 4192902 83 Linux

[root@Fedora root]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5

[root@Fedora root]# ll /mnt/sdb5

total 16

drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jan 10 21:56 lost+found

[root@Fedora root]# df

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 7637400 5561672 1687760 77% /

/dev/sda1 101086 6459 89408 7% /boot

none 79180 0 79180 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb5 4127044 32828 3884572 1% /mnt/sdb5

[root@Fedora root]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 7.3G 5.4G 1.7G 77% /

/dev/sda1 99M 6.4M 88M 7% /boot

none 78M 0 78M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb5 4.0G 33M 3.8G 1% /mnt/sdb5

[root@Fedora root]# df -H

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 7.9G 5.7G 1.8G 77% /

/dev/sda1 104M 6.7M 92M 7% /boot

none 82M 0 82M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb5 4.3G 34M 4.0G 1% /mnt/sdb5

[root@Fedora root]#