为字符串类型构建MySQL自己的hash索引

这是一个真实的场景，表的定义如下：

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`user_nick` varchar(32),
`user_source` tinyint(4) NOT NULL ,
`user_type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
........
`version` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '版本',
`crc_user_nick` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_user_nick` (`user_nick`),
KEY `idx_crc_user_nick` (`crc_user_nick`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

为了显示对比结果，我为user_nick列添加了一个索引，同时添加了一个存放crc32的字段crc_user_nick列，同时在这列上创建了一个索引，

update user set crc_user_nick=crc32(user_nick);

表中有将近200w的数据，并且user_nick不允许重复，随机抽取一条查询，根据crc查询：

root@test 01:25:34>set profiling=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@test 01:25:37>select * from user where crc_user_nick=3741129210;

耗时：1 row in set (0.40 sec)

root@test 01:25:42>show profile cpu,block io for query 1;
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status                         | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting                       | 0.000042 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| checking query cache for query | 0.000089 | 0.001000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Opening tables                 | 0.388417 | 0.014998 |   0.004999 |            0 |             0 |
| System lock                    | 0.000013 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Table lock                     | 0.000012 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| init                           | 0.000084 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| optimizing                     | 0.000025 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| statistics                     | 0.003755 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| preparing                      | 0.000025 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| executing                      | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Sending data                   | 0.001021 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| end                            | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| query end                      | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| freeing items                  | 0.000043 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| logging slow query             | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| cleaning up                    | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

对比同一条记录使用user_nick查询，

root@test 10:59:32>set profiling=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@test 10:59:41>select * from user_nick where user_nick='one001008104075924';

耗时:1 row in set (0.55 sec)

root@test 01:24:24>show profile cpu,block io for query 1;
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status                         | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting                       | 0.000042 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| checking query cache for query | 0.000089 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Opening tables                 | 0.542834 | 0.011998 |   0.003000 |            0 |             0 |
| System lock                    | 0.000013 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Table lock                     | 0.000011 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| init                           | 0.000090 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| optimizing                     | 0.000028 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| statistics                     | 0.000315 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| preparing                      | 0.000025 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| executing                      | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Sending data                   | 0.007554 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| end                            | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| query end                      | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| freeing items                  | 0.000043 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| logging slow query             | 0.000002 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| cleaning up                    | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

通过profile我们可以明显的看到使用user_nick的时候，耗时主要用在opening tables和Sending data，在一些字符类型过滤较高的条件上，我们可以采用这种方法来优化查询。

参考:《High Performance MySQL》