单实例数据库迁移到rac环境(一)

从本节开始，将介绍下如何将单实例数据库迁移到rac环境。在生产环境中，随着业务和数据量的加大，这种需求和场景不可避免，一般来讲主要由以下四种方法实现迁移过程!

1：使用expdp/impdp数据泵导出导入，或者使用传统的exp/imp导入导出，后者效率低下；

2: 使用在线表空间迁移技术快速导出导入，前提是数据库的字符集要一致；

3：使用rman的备份进行异机恢复

4: 对单实例数据库构建基于rac的物理备库，进而切换备库为主库，这是生产环境中最为推荐的做法

本节中介绍使用expdp/impdp数据泵导出导入的方式实现迁移！

环境介绍：

数据库的版本均为10.2.0.5

操作系统的版本单实例数据库(源库)为rhel5.4 64 bit

rac(目标数据库)为ceontos4.8 64bit

一：查看源库的版本和表空间情况，同时在源库上建新的表空间和用户，插入数据，建立索引，创建目录对象，使用expdp到出用户的schema等

SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production CORE 10.2.0.5.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production SQL> show parameter compat; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ compatible string 10.2.0.5.0 plsql_v2_compatibility boolean FALSE SQL> select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files; TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf SQL> create tablespace exp_rac datafile 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac01.dbf' size 300M 3 autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited 4* extent management local Tablespace created. SQL> create tablespace exp_rac_index datafile 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac_index01.dbf' size 300M 3 autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited 4* extent management local Tablespace created. SQL> select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files; TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf EXP_RAC /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac01.dbf EXP_RAC_INDEX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac_index01.dbf SQL> create user test1 identified by oracle 2 default tablespace exp_rac 3 temporary tablespace temp 4 quota unlimited on exp_rac 5* account unlock; User created. SQL> grant connect,resource to test1; Grant succeeded. SQL> create table test1.source as select * from dba_source; Table created. SQL> insert into test1.source select * from test1.source; 295491 rows created. SQL> / 590982 rows created. SQL> / 1181964 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> analyze table test1.source compute statistics; Table analyzed. SQL> select count(*) from test1.source; COUNT(*) ---------- 2363928 SQL> select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) MB from dba_extents 2 where segment_name='SOURCE' 3 and owner='TEST1'; MB ---------- 408 [oracle@server49 orcl]$ ll -h exp_rac01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 411M Jan 1 19:06 exp_rac01.dbf SQL> create index test1.i_source 2 on test1.source(type) 3 tablespace exp_rac_index; Index created. SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes 2 where owner='TEST1' and index_name='I_SOURCE'; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ -------------------- SOURCE EXP_RAC_INDEX SQL> create directory expdp_dir as '/home/oracle/expdp_dir'; Directory created. SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to test1; Grant succeeded. SQL> !mkdir -p /home/oracle/expdp_dir [oracle@server49 ~]$ expdp test1/oracle directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=source.dmp logfile=source.log schemas=test1 Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Sunday, 01 January, 2012 19:38:30 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": test1/******** directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=source.dmp logfile=source.log schemas=test1 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 408 MB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS . . exported "TEST1"."SOURCE" 280.8 MB 2363928 rows Master table "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for TEST1.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /home/oracle/expdp_dir/source.dmp Job "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 19:39:03

二：复制expdp导出的相关文件到目标库上,同时在目标库上创建相应的用户和表空间以及目录对象等

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@racdb as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Jan 1 20:28:52 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files; FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- +DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769960507 USERS +DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.257.770222575 SYSAUX +DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.769205541 UNDOTBS1 +DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.770588849 SYSTEM +DATA/racdb/datafile/example.264.769205649 EXAMPLE +DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.265.769205765 UNDOTBS2 +DATA/racdb/datafile/local_arch_test.312.770588847 LOCAL_ARCH_TEST SQL> create user test1 identified by oracle 2 default tablespace users 3 temporary tablespace temp 4 account unlock; User created. SQL> grant connect,resource to test1; Grant succeeded. SQL> create directory expdp_dir as '/home/oracle/expdp_dir'; Directory created. SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to test1; Grant succeeded. SQL> create tablespace exp_rac datafile size 500M; Tablespace created. SQL> create tablespace exp_rac_index datafile size 500M; Tablespace created.

三：在目标数据库上使用impdp导入数据

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ impdp test1/oracle directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=source.dmp logfile=source.log schemas=test1 Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Sunday, 01 January, 2012 21:00:26 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": test1/******** directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=source.dmp logfile=source.log schemas=test1 Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "TEST1"."SOURCE" 280.8 MB 2363928 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Job "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 21:07:02

四：测试结果

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@racdb as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Jan 1 21:08:18 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select count(*) from test1.source; COUNT(*) ---------- 2363928 SQL> col table_name format a20 SQL> col tablespace_name format a20 SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes 2 where owner='TEST1' and index_name='I_SOURCE'; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------- -------------------- SOURCE EXP_RAC_INDEX SQL> select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) MB from dba_extents 2 where segment_name='I_SOURCE' 3* and owner='TEST1' MB ---------- 56

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