Android 蓝牙( Bluetooth)耳机连接分析及实现

Android 实现了对Headset 和Handsfree 两种profile 的支持。其实现核心是BluetoothHeadsetService，在PhoneApp 创建的时候会启动它。

if (getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE) != null) {
mBtHandsfree = new BluetoothHandsfree(this, phone);
startService(new Intent(this, BluetoothHeadsetService.class));
} else {
// Device is not bluetooth capable
mBtHandsfree = null;
}
BluetoothHeadsetService 通过接收ENABLED_ACTION、BONDING_CREATED_ACTION 、DISABLED_ACTION 和REMOTE_DEVICE_DISCONNECT_REQUESTEDACTION 来改变状态，它也会监听Phone 的状态变化。

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothIntent.BONDING_CREATED_ACTION);
filter.addAction(BluetoothIntent.REMOTE_DEVICE_DISCONNECT_REQUESTED_ACTION);
filter.addAction(BluetoothIntent.ENABLED_ACTION);
filter.addAction(BluetoothIntent.DISABLED_ACTION);
registerReceiver(mBluetoothIntentReceiver, filter);
mPhone.registerForPhoneStateChanged(mStateChangeHandler,PHONE_STATE_CHANGED, null);
BluetoothHeadsetService 收到ENABLED_ACTION时，会先向BlueZ注册Headset 和Handsfree 两种profile（通过执行sdptool 来实现的，均作为Audio Gateway），然后让BluetoothAudioGateway 接收RFCOMM 连接，让BluetoothHandsfree 接收SCO连接（这些操作都是为了让蓝牙耳机能主动连上Android）。

if (action.equals(BluetoothIntent.ENABLED_ACTION)) {
// SDP server may not be ready, so wait 3 seconds before
// registering records.
// TODO: Use a different mechanism to register SDP records,
// that actually ACK’s on success, so that we can retry rather
// than hardcoding a 3 second guess.
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(REGISTER_SDP_RECORDS),3000);
mAg.start(mIncomingConnectionHandler);
mBtHandsfree.onBluetoothEnabled();
}
BluetoothHeadsetService 收到DISABLED_ACTION 时，会停止BluetoothAudioGateway 和BluetoothHandsfree。

if (action.equals(BluetoothIntent.DISABLED_ACTION)) {
mBtHandsfree.onBluetoothDisabled();
mAg.stop();
}

Android 跟蓝牙耳机建立连接有两种方式。

1. Android 主动跟蓝牙耳机连BluetoothSettings 中和蓝牙耳机配对上之后， BluetoothHeadsetService 会收到BONDING_CREATED_ACTION，这个时候BluetoothHeadsetService 会主动去和蓝牙耳机建立RFCOMM 连接。

if (action.equals(BluetoothIntent.BONDING_CREATED_ACTION)) {
if (mState == BluetoothHeadset.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
// Lets try and initiate an RFCOMM connection
try {
mBinder.connectHeadset(address, null);
} catch (RemoteException e) {}
}
}
RFCOMM 连接的真正实现是在ConnectionThread 中，它分两步，第一步先通过SDPClient 查询蓝牙设备时候支持Headset 和Handsfree profile。

// 1) SDP query
SDPClient client = SDPClient.getSDPClient(address);
if (DBG) log(”Connecting to SDP server (” + address + “)…”);
if (!client.connectSDPAsync()) {
Log.e(TAG, “Failed to start SDP connection to ” + address);
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(SDP_ERROR).sendToTarget();
client.disconnectSDP();
return;
}
if (isInterrupted()) {
client.disconnectSDP();
return;
}

if (!client.waitForSDPAsyncConnect(20000)) { // 20 secs
if (DBG) log(”Failed to make SDP connection to ” + address);
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(SDP_ERROR).sendToTarget();
client.disconnectSDP();
return;
}

if (DBG) log(”SDP server connected (” + address + “)”);
int headsetChannel = client.isHeadset();
if (DBG) log(”headset channel = ” + headsetChannel);
int handsfreeChannel = client.isHandsfree();
if (DBG) log(”handsfree channel = ” + handsfreeChannel);
client.disconnectSDP();

第2步才是去真正建立RFCOMM 连接。
// 2) RFCOMM connect

mHeadset = new HeadsetBase(mBluetooth, address, channel);
if (isInterrupted()) {
return;
}
int result = mHeadset.waitForAsyncConnect(20000, // 20 secs
mConnectedStatusHandler);
if (DBG) log(”Headset RFCOMM connection attempt took ” +(System.currentTimeMillis() – timestamp) + ” ms”);
if (isInterrupted()) {
return;
}
if (result < 0) {
Log.e(TAG, “mHeadset.waitForAsyncConnect() error: ” + result);
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(RFCOMM_ERROR).sendToTarget();
return;
} else if (result == 0) {
Log.e(TAG, “mHeadset.waitForAsyncConnect() error: ” + result +”(timeout)”);
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(RFCOMM_ERROR).sendToTarget();
return;
} else {
if (DBG) log(”mHeadset.waitForAsyncConnect() success”);
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(RFCOMM_CONNECTED).sendToTarget();
}
当RFCOMM连接成功建立后，BluetoothHeadsetDevice 会收到RFCOMM_CONNECTED消息，它会调用BluetoothHandsfree 来建立SCO 连接，广播通知Headset状态变化的Intent（PhoneApp 和BluetoothSettings 会接收这个Intent）。
case RFCOMM_CONNECTED:
// success
if (DBG) log(”Rfcomm connected”);
if (mConnectThread != null) {
try {
mConnectThread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Log.w(TAG, “Connect attempt cancelled, ignoring
RFCOMM_CONNECTED”, e);
return;
}
mConnectThread = null;
}
setState(BluetoothHeadset.STATE_CONNECTED,BluetoothHeadset.RESULT_SUCCESS);
mBtHandsfree.connectHeadset(mHeadset, mHeadsetType);
break;

BluetoothHandsfree 会先做一些初始化工作，比如根据是Headset 还是Handsfree 初始化不同的ATParser，并且启动一个接收线程从已建立的RFCOMM上接收蓝牙耳机过来的控制命令（也就是AT 命令），接着判断如果是在打电话过程中，才去建立SCO 连接来打通数据通道。

/* package */
void connectHeadset(HeadsetBase headset, int headsetType) {
mHeadset = headset;
mHeadsetType = headsetType;
if (mHeadsetType == TYPE_HEADSET) {
initializeHeadsetAtParser();
} else {
initializeHandsfreeAtParser();
}
headset.startEventThread();
configAudioParameters();
if (inDebug()) {
startDebug();
}
if (isIncallAudio()) {
audioOn();
}
}

建立SCO 连接是通过SCOSocket 实现的

/** Request to establish SCO (audio) connection to bluetooth
* headset/handsfree, if one is connected. Does not block.
* Returns false if the user has requested audio off, or if there
* is some other immediate problem that will prevent BT audio.
*/
/* package */
synchronized boolean audioOn() {
mOutgoingSco = createScoSocket();
if (!mOutgoingSco.connect(mHeadset.getAddress())) {
mOutgoingSco = null;
}
return true;
}
当SCO 连接成功建立后，BluetoothHandsfree 会收到SCO_CONNECTED 消息，它就会去调用AudioManager 的setBluetoothScoOn函数，从而通知音频系统有个蓝牙耳机可用了。
到此，Android 完成了和蓝牙耳机的全部连接。

case SCO_CONNECTED:
if (msg.arg1 == ScoSocket.STATE_CONNECTED && isHeadsetConnected()&&mConnectedSco == null) {
if (DBG) log(”Routing audio for outgoing SCO conection”);
mConnectedSco = (ScoSocket)msg.obj;
mAudioManager.setBluetoothScoOn(true);
} else if (msg.arg1 == ScoSocket.STATE_CONNECTED) {
if (DBG) log(”Rejecting new connected outgoing SCO socket”);
((ScoSocket)msg.obj).close();
mOutgoingSco.close();
}
mOutgoingSco = null;
break;

2. 蓝牙耳机主动跟Android 连首先BluetoothAudioGateway 会在一个线程中收到来自蓝牙耳机的RFCOMM 连接，然后发送消息给BluetoothHeadsetService。

mConnectingHeadsetRfcommChannel = -1;
mConnectingHandsfreeRfcommChannel = -1;
if(waitForHandsfreeConnectNative(SELECT_WAIT_TIMEOUT) == false) {
if (mTimeoutRemainingMs > 0) {
try {
Log.i(tag, “select thread timed out, but ” +
mTimeoutRemainingMs + “ms of
waiting remain.”);
Thread.sleep(mTimeoutRemainingMs);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Log.i(tag, “select thread was interrupted (2),
exiting”);
mInterrupted = true;
}
}
}

BluetoothHeadsetService 会根据当前的状态来处理消息，分3 种情况，第一是当前状态是非连接状态，会发送RFCOMM_CONNECTED 消息，后续处理请参见前面的分析。
case BluetoothHeadset.STATE_DISCONNECTED:
// headset connecting us, lets join
setState(BluetoothHeadset.STATE_CONNECTING);
mHeadsetAddress = info.mAddress;
mHeadset = new HeadsetBase(mBluetooth, mHeadsetAddress,info.mSocketFd,info.mRfcommChan,mConnectedStatusHandler);
mHeadsetType = type;
mConnectingStatusHandler.obtainMessage(RFCOMM_CONNECTED).sendToTarget();
break;
如果当前是正在连接状态， 则先停掉已经存在的ConnectThread，并直接调用BluetoothHandsfree 去建立SCO 连接。
case BluetoothHeadset.STATE_CONNECTING:
// If we are here, we are in danger of a race condition
// incoming rfcomm connection, but we are also attempting an
// outgoing connection. Lets try and interrupt the outgoing
// connection.
mConnectThread.interrupt();
// Now continue with new connection, including calling callback
mHeadset = new HeadsetBase(mBluetooth,mHeadsetAddress,info.mSocketFd,info.mRfcommChan,mConnectedStatusHandler);
mHeadsetType = type;
setState(BluetoothHeadset.STATE_CONNECTED,BluetoothHeadset.RESULT_SUCCESS);
mBtHandsfree.connectHeadset(mHeadset,mHeadsetType);
// Make sure that old outgoing connect thread is dead.
break;

如果当前是已连接的状态，这种情况是一种错误case，所以直接断掉所有连接。
case BluetoothHeadset.STATE_CONNECTED:
if (DBG) log(”Already connected to ” + mHeadsetAddress + “,disconnecting” +info.mAddress);
mBluetooth.disconnectRemoteDeviceAcl(info.mAddress);
break;
蓝牙耳机也可能会主动发起SCO 连接， BluetoothHandsfree 会接收到一个SCO_ACCEPTED消息，它会去调用AudioManager 的setBluetoothScoOn 函数，从而通知音频系统有个蓝牙耳机可用了。到此，蓝牙耳机完成了和Android 的全部连接。

case SCO_ACCEPTED:
if (msg.arg1 == ScoSocket.STATE_CONNECTED) {
if (isHeadsetConnected() && mAudioPossible && mConnectedSco ==null) {
Log.i(TAG, “Routing audio for incoming SCO connection”);
mConnectedSco = (ScoSocket)msg.obj;
mAudioManager.setBluetoothScoOn(true);
} else {
Log.i(TAG, “Rejecting incoming SCO connection”);
((ScoSocket)msg.obj).close();
}
} // else error trying to accept, try again
mIncomingSco = createScoSocket();
mIncomingSco.accept();
break;