Liunx下如何加载一块新硬盘

在虚拟机中，要先关闭系统，添加才能成功。

在linux下加载一块硬盘从总体上分为以下几个步骤：

1、用fdisk对硬盘进行分区

2、用mkfs.ext3对硬盘进行格式化

3、建立一个挂接目录（如果需要挂接到已存在的目录，此步骤可以省略）

4、用mount将该分区挂接到指定的目录

5、如果想实现启动时自动挂接，那么还需要修改fstab文件

具体操作如下：

[root@redhad ~]# fdisk -l --查看硬盘分区信息

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 3661 29406951 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 3662 3915 2040255 82 Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes --可以看到有一块空闲的硬盘还未分区

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@redhad ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb --使用fdisk工具对sdb进行分区

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m --列出fdisk工具的参数

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n --输入"n"增加一个分区

Command action --选择是建立主分区还是扩展分区

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p --输入"p"建立主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 --输入分区号

First cylinder (1-130, default 1): 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130): 130

Command (m for help): w --写入分区表并退出

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@redhad ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 --将新建立的分区进行格式化

mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

130560 inodes, 261048 blocks

13052 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16320 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@redhad ~]# mkdir /newdisk --建立一个新的挂接目录

[root@redhad ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /newdisk --将sdb1挂接到/newdisk下

[root@redhad ~]# df -lh --查看目前硬盘空闲，新建硬盘已经成功挂接

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1 28G 2.4G 24G 9% /

none 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb1 1004M 18M 936M 2% /newdisk

到此为止，我们的新硬盘已经加载成功了，但是这里有一个问题，一旦我们重新启动系统，还需要用mount命令重新挂接才能访问新硬盘，如果我需要挂接的工作在系统启动过程中完成，那么我需要用vi配置/etc/fstab文件,将/dev/sdb1 /newdisk ext3 defaults 0 0 （这两个0表示开机不检查）添加到/etc/fstab的最后，然后重新启动系统即可。