将基于MFC的对话框应用程序修改为服务程序

Windows(NT/2000)下有很多服务程序(它们在系统登录前运行)，它们一般都没有界面，我们可以在服务管理器(运行services.msc)中启动和关闭它们。下面我试着修改一个有界面的MFC对话框程序，使它成为一个服务程序。网上提到了一种方法就是，从建立一个COM服务程序入手，然后将一个MFC项目改造成服务程序，最后让这一程序在启动时可以显示图形界面。这种方法的优点就是，程序向导已经帮我们写好了服务程序的主要代码，我们的任务就是把它们移植到MFC程序中(这个方法很不错！)。我的方法和这种方法思想基本一致，但也不完全一样。我是直接将有些写在CUI服务程序中的代码移植过来。主要思想就是把主服务函数等定义为全局函数，这样在主对话框类中就可以访问它们了。
此程序需要注意的地方：
一次只能安装一个服务，如果已安装过一个服务，先将其卸载再安装其他服务，设置其他应用程序时，在SCM启动后，因没有相应启动请求会被kill掉。本来以为任何程序都可以被设置为服务程序，后来实验发现，一般的应用程序被设置为服务程序后，由于它不能够与SCM进行通信，所以SCM无法将其启动。错误提示如下：(下面wcdj是我的服务名字)
本地计算机无法启动wcdj服务
错误1053:服务没有及时响应启动或控制请求
这个服务程序的主要流程如下：
     SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};  
     if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
     {  
           AfxMessageBox("当不是用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
           ...
           //显示我们服务程序的对话框
           CTestDlg dlg;
           //m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
           int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
           if (nResponse == IDOK)
          {
                   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
                   //  dismissed with OK
           }
           else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
          {
                   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
                   //  dismissed with Cancel
           }
     }
否则程序会执行回调函数：
    void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
    { 
          AfxMessageBox("当用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
          //初始化
          m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType        = SERVICE_WIN32; 
          m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState       = SERVICE_START_PENDING; 
          ...    
         while(1)
        {  
                //Sleep(3000); 
                //Place Your Code for processing here....
                //显示我们服务程序的对话框(当SCM启动服务程序的时候(系统重启时或手动在SCM中启动时)，也让它显示主对话框界面)
                
                CTestDlg dlg;
               //m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
                int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
                if (nResponse == IDOK)
               {
                         // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
                         //  dismissed with OK
                }
                else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
                {
                         // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
                         //  dismissed with Cancel
                }
                ...
        }
}
具体的细节看下面的步骤，主要步骤如下：
(1)首先生成一个基于对话框的应用程序框架，假设我的工程名称为test。
(2)在test.cpp中添加几个全局变量和几个全局函数。
//设置两个全局变量 
SERVICE_STATUS m_ServiceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE m_ServiceStatusHandle;
//添加几个全局函数
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数声明
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
BOOL DeleteService();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数定义
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
{
//     DWORD status; 
//     DWORD specificError; 
    AfxMessageBox("当用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
    m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType        = SERVICE_WIN32; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState       = SERVICE_START_PENDING; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted   = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode      = 0; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint         = 0; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint           = 0; 
    m_ServiceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler("Service1",ServiceCtrlHandler);  
    if (m_ServiceStatusHandle == (SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE)0) 
    { 
        AfxMessageBox("Handler not installed");
  return; 
    }     
    m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState       = SERVICE_RUNNING; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint         = 0; 
    m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint           = 0;  
    if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus)) 
    {  
    } 
//bRunning=true;
//while(bRunning)
while(1)
{  
  //Sleep(3000); 
  //Place Your Code for processing here....  
  CTestDlg dlg;
  //m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
  int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
  if (nResponse == IDOK)
  {
   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
   //  dismissed with OK
  }
  else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
  {
   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
   //  dismissed with Cancel
   //AfxMessageBox("cancel");
   //break;//跳出while循环
   m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState       = SERVICE_STOPPED; 
   m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint         = 0; 
   m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint           = 0;  
   if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus)) 
   {  
   }
   
   exit(0);//后面退出不了，只能强行退出
  }
  
#ifdef _temp_delete//使用下面代码，只能关闭对话框不能关闭程序
  
  //关闭对话框用，传递消息
  MSG msg;
  while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
  {  
    if (msg.message)
    {
     CString strMsg;
     strMsg.Format("%d",msg.message);
     AfxMessageBox(strMsg);    
    }
   DispatchMessage(&msg);
  }
#endif
}
    return; 
}
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode)
{
    switch(Opcode) 
    { 
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE: 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED; 
  break; 
  
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE: 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; 
  break; 
  
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP: 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState  = SERVICE_STOPPED; 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint    = 0; 
  m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint      = 0; 
  
  SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle,&m_ServiceStatus);
  
  //bRunning=false;
  
  break;
  
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE: 
  break; 
    }      
    return; 
}
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath)//无法创建其他应用程序为服务，因为它们不能响应启动请求
{
//char strDir[1024]={0};
HANDLE schSCManager,schService;
//   GetCurrentDirectory(1024,strDir);
//   strcat(strDir,"\\test.exe"); 
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);  
if (schSCManager == NULL) 
  return false;
    //LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName=strDir;
LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName;
if (strPath=="")
{
  AfxMessageBox("You must tell me Exepath!");
  return FALSE;
} 
else
{
  lpszBinaryPathName=strPath;
}
     schService = CreateService(schSCManager,"Service1","wcdj",// service name to display 
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,        // desired access 
        SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS|SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS, // service type 
        //SERVICE_DEMAND_START,      // start type 
        SERVICE_AUTO_START,        //系统启动时自动启动
        SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,      // error control type 
        lpszBinaryPathName,        // service's binary 
        NULL,                      // no load ordering group 
        NULL,                      // no tag identifier 
        NULL,                      // no dependencies 
        NULL,                      // LocalSystem account 
        NULL);                     // no password 
    if (schService == NULL) 
        return false;  
    CloseServiceHandle(schService); 
return true;
}
BOOL DeleteService()
{
HANDLE schSCManager;
SC_HANDLE hService;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schSCManager == NULL) 
  return false; 
hService=OpenService(schSCManager,"Service1",SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (hService == NULL) 
  return false;
if(DeleteService(hService)==0)
  return false;
if(CloseServiceHandle(hService)==0)
  return false;
else
  return true;
}
(3)修改BOOL CTestApp::InitInstance()中代码，还是在test.cpp中。
//在别处显示对话框
//  CTestDlg dlg;
//  m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
//  int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
//  if (nResponse == IDOK)
//  {
//   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
//   //  dismissed with OK
//  }
//  else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
//  {
//   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
//   //  dismissed with Cancel
//  }
//启动服务(两种方式：双击运行和SCM启动，执行流程如刚开始提到的那样)，对话框在下面显示
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};  
  //StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable); 
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
        {  
                AfxMessageBox("当不是用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");  
  
  CTestDlg dlg;
  //m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
  int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
  if (nResponse == IDOK)
  {
   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
   //  dismissed with OK
  }
  else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
  {
   // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
   //  dismissed with Cancel
  }
}
再在上面声明全局函数：
extern void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
(4)在主对话框上，添加4个新按钮和1个编辑框，功能分别是：安装服务、删除服务、打开服务管理器、显示启动项。代码如下：
void CTestDlg::OnButton1() //安装服务
{ 
UpdateData(TRUE);//读取编辑框变量m_strSvrPath的值
if(InstallService(m_strSvrPath))
{
  //printf("\n\nService Installed Sucessfully\n");
  MessageBox("Service Installed Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
  //printf("\n\nError Installing Service\n");
  MessageBox("Error Installing Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton2() //删除服务
{
if(DeleteService())
{
  //printf("\n\nService UnInstalled Sucessfully\n");
  MessageBox("Service UnInstalled Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
  //printf("\n\nError UnInstalling Service\n");
  MessageBox("Error UnInstalling Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton3() //打开服务管理器
{
//打开服务管理器
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c services.msc",NULL,SW_HIDE);
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton4() //显示启动项
{
//打开启动项
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c msconfig",NULL,SW_HIDE); 
}
最后别忘了在开头声明全局函数：
extern void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
extern BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
extern BOOL DeleteService();
这个服务程序还不是很完善，应该再添加一些判断和LogEvent记录信息，但是主要的服务程序框架应该都包含了。
最后，希望读到此篇文章的朋友提出自己的意见。 :)