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U-Boot添加命令的方法

2011-08-19 22:28 295 查看
下面以添加menu命令为例分析U-Boot添加命令的方法。

  (1)在common目录下新建cmd_menu.c文件

习惯上把通用命令源代码放在common目录下,与开发板专有命令有关的源代码则放在board/<board_dir>目录下,命名方式只是习惯而已。为了方便阅读和查询习惯以“cmd_<命 令名>.c”为文件名。

(2)定义“menu”命令

在cmd_menu.c中使用如下的代码定义“menu”命令:

U_BOOT_CMD(

menu, 3, 0, do_menu,

"menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",

" - display a menu, to select the items to do something"

);


其中U_BOOT_CMD命令格式如下:

U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help)


  各个参数的意义如下:

name:命令名,非字符串,但在U_BOOT_CMD中用“#”符号转化为字符串

maxargs:命令的最大参数个数

rep:是否自动重复(按Enter键是否会重复执行)

cmd:该命令对应的响应函数

usage:简短的使用说明(字符串)

help:较详细的使用说明(字符串)

在内存中保存命令的help字段会占用一定的内存,通过配置U-Boot可以选择是否保存help字段。若在include/configs/mx51_bbg.h中定义了CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP宏,则在U-Boot中使用help命令查看某个命令的帮助信息时将显示usage和help字段的内容,否则就只显示usage字段的内容。

U_BOOT_CMD宏在include/command.h中定义:

 #defineU_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help) \
  cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_##name Struct_Section = {#name, maxargs, rep, cmd, usage, help}


“##”与“#”都是预编译操作符,“##”有字符串连接的功能,“#”表示后面紧接着的是一个字符串。

struct cmd_tbl_s {
char *name; /* 命令名 */
int maxargs; /* 最大参数个数 */
int repeatable; /* 是否自动重复 */
int (*cmd)(struct cmd_tbl_s *, int, int, char *[]);  /*  响应函数 */
char *usage; /* 简短的帮助信息 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP
char *help; /*  较详细的帮助信息 */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
/* 自动补全参数 */
int (*complete)(int argc, char *argv[], char last_char, int maxv, char *cmdv[]);
#endif
};
typedef struct cmd_tbl_s cmd_tbl_t;


一个cmd_tbl_t结构体变量包含了调用一条命令的所需要的信息。

其中Struct_Section在include/command.h中定义如下:

#define Struct_Section  __attribute__ ((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd")))


凡是带有__attribute__ ((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd"))属性声明的变量都将被存放在".u_boot_cmd"段中,并且即使该变量没有在代码中显式的使用编译器也不产生警告信息。

在U-Boot连接脚本u-boot.lds中定义了".u_boot_cmd"段:

. = .;
__u_boot_cmd_start = .;  /*将 __u_boot_cmd_start指定为当前地址 */
.u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) }
__u_boot_cmd_end = .;  /*  将__u_boot_cmd_end指定为当前地址  */


这表明带有“.u_boot_cmd”声明的函数或变量将存储在“u_boot_cmd”段。这样只要将U-Boot所有命令对应的cmd_tbl_t变量加上“.u_boot_cmd”声明,编译器就会自动将其放在“u_boot_cmd”段,查找cmd_tbl_t变量时只要在__u_boot_cmd_start与__u_boot_cmd_end之间查找就可以了。

因此“menu”命令的定义经过宏展开后如下:

cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_menu __attribute__

((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd"))) =

{menu, 3, 0, do_menu,

"menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",

" - display a menu, to select the items to do something"}


实质上就是用U_BOOT_CMD宏定义的信息构造了一个cmd_tbl_t类型的结构体。编译器将该结构体放在“u_boot_cmd”段,执行命令时就可以在“u_boot_cmd”段查找到对应的cmd_tbl_t类型结构体。

(3)实现命令的函数

即U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help)中的cmd参数

在cmd_menu.c中添加“menu”命令的响应函数的实现。具体的实现代码略:

int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
/* 实现代码略 */
}


(4) 将common/cmd_menu.c编译进u-boot.bin

在common/Makefile中把目标代码cmd_menu.o也加入一起编译:

在include/configs/mx51_bbg.h加入如代码:

#define CONFIG_BOOT_MENU 1

重新编译下载U-Boot就可以使用menu命令了

(5)menu命令执行的过程

在U-Boot中输入“menu”命令执行时,U-Boot接收输入的字符串“menu”,传递给run_command函数。run_command函数调用common/command.c中实现的find_cmd函数在__u_boot_cmd_start与__u_boot_cmd_end间查找命令,并返回menu命令的cmd_tbl_t结构。然后run_command函数使用返回的cmd_tbl_t结构中的函数指针调用menu命令的响应函数do_menu,从而完成了命令的执行。

(6)例子:USB下载,命令很简单。

#include <common.h>
#include <command.h>
extern char console_buffer[];
extern int readline (const char *const prompt);
extern char awaitkey(unsigned long delay, int* error_p);
extern void download_nkbin_to_flash(void);
/**
* Parses a string into a number.  The number stored at ptr is
* potentially suffixed with K (for kilobytes, or 1024 bytes),
* M (for megabytes, or 1048576 bytes), or G (for gigabytes, or
* 1073741824).  If the number is suffixed with K, M, or G, then
* the return value is the number multiplied by one kilobyte, one
* megabyte, or one gigabyte, respectively.
*
* @param ptr where parse begins
* @param retptr output pointer to next char after parse completes (output)
* @return resulting unsigned int
*/
static unsigned long memsize_parse2 (const char *const ptr, const char **retptr)
{
unsigned long ret = simple_strtoul(ptr, (char **)retptr, 0);
int sixteen = 1;
switch (**retptr) {
case 'G':
case 'g':
ret <<= 10;
case 'M':
case 'm':
ret <<= 10;
case 'K':
case 'k':
ret <<= 10;
(*retptr)++;
sixteen = 0;
default:
break;
}
if (sixteen)
return simple_strtoul(ptr, NULL, 16);

return ret;
}

void param_menu_usage()
{
printf("\r\n##### Parameter Menu #####\r\n");
printf("[v] View the parameters\r\n");
printf("[s] Set parameter \r\n");
printf("[d] Delete parameter \r\n");
printf("[w] Write the parameters to flash memeory \r\n");
printf("[q] Quit \r\n");
printf("Enter your selection: ");
}

void param_menu_shell(void)
{
char c;
char cmd_buf[256];
char name_buf[20];
char val_buf[256];

while (1)
{
param_menu_usage();
c = awaitkey(-1, NULL);
printf("%c\n", c);
switch (c)
{
case 'v':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "printenv ");
printf("Name(enter to view all paramters): ");
readline(NULL);
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}

case 's':
{
sprintf(cmd_buf, "setenv ");
printf("Name: ");
readline(NULL);
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
printf("Value: ");
readline(NULL);
strcat(cmd_buf, " ");
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}

case 'd':
{
sprintf(cmd_buf, "setenv ");
printf("Name: ");
readline(NULL);
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}

case 'w':
{
sprintf(cmd_buf, "saveenv");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}

case 'q':
{
return;
break;
}
}
}
}

void main_menu_usage(void)
{
printf("\r\n##### 100ask Bootloader for OpenJTAG #####\r\n");
printf("
Download u-boot to Nand Flash\r\n");
if (bBootFrmNORFlash())
printf("[o] Download u-boot to Nor Flash\r\n");
printf("[k] Download Linux kernel uImage\r\n");
printf("[j] Download root_jffs2 image\r\n");
//    printf("[c] Download root_cramfs image\r\n");
printf("[y] Download root_yaffs image\r\n");
printf("[d] Download to SDRAM & Run\r\n");
printf("[z] Download zImage into RAM\r\n");
printf("[g] Boot linux from RAM\r\n");
printf("[f] Format the Nand Flash\r\n");
printf("[s] Set the boot parameters\r\n");
printf("[b] Boot the system\r\n");
printf("[r] Reboot u-boot\r\n");
printf("[q] Quit from menu\r\n");
printf("Enter your selection: ");
}

void menu_shell(void)
{
char c;
char cmd_buf[200];
char *p = NULL;
unsigned long size;
unsigned long offset;
struct mtd_info *mtd = &nand_info[nand_curr_device];
while (1)
{
main_menu_usage();
c = awaitkey(-1, NULL);
printf("%c\n", c);
switch (c)
{
case 'n':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase bootloader; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 bootloader $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'o':
{
if (bBootFrmNORFlash())
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; protect off all; erase 0 +$(filesize); cp.b 0x30000000 0 $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
}
break;
}

case 'k':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase kernel; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 kernel $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'j':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
#if 0
case 'c':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
#endif
case 'y':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.yaffs 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'd':
{
extern volatile U32 downloadAddress;
extern int download_run;

download_run = 1;
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
download_run = 0;
sprintf(cmd_buf, "go %x", downloadAddress);
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'z':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30008000");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'g':
{
extern void do_bootm_rawLinux (ulong addr);
do_bootm_rawLinux(0x30008000);
}
case 'b':
{
printf("Booting Linux ...\n");
strcpy(cmd_buf, "nand read.jffs2 0x30007FC0 kernel; bootm 0x30007FC0");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'f':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "nand erase ");
printf("Start address: ");
readline(NULL);
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
printf("Size(eg. 4000000, 0x4000000, 64m and so on): ");
readline(NULL);
p = console_buffer;
size = memsize_parse2(p, &p);
sprintf(console_buffer, " %x", size);
strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 's':
{
param_menu_shell();
break;
}
case 'r':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "reset");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}

case 'q':
{
return;
break;
}
}

}
}
int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
menu_shell();
return 0;
}
U_BOOT_CMD(
menu, 3, 0, do_menu,
"menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",
" - display a menu, to select the items to do something"
);


TFTP下载

#include <common.h>
#include <command.h>
/**功能:等待键盘输入***/
static char awaitkey(unsigned long delay, int* error_p)
{
int i;
char c;
if (delay == -1) {
while (1) {
if (tstc()) /* we got a key press */
return getc();
}
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
if (tstc()) /* we got a key press */
return getc();
udelay (10*1000);
}
}
if (error_p)
*error_p = -1;
return 0;
}
/*****提示符,功能说明****/
void main_menu_usage(void)
{
printf("\r\n######## Hotips TFTP DownLoad for SMDK2440 ########\r\n");
printf("\r\n");
printf("[1] 下载 u-boot.bin       写入 Nand Flash\r\n");
printf("[2] 下载 Linux(uImage)    内核镜像写入 Nand Flash\r\n");
printf("[3] 下载 yaffs2(fs.yaffs) 文件系统镜像写入 Nand Flash\r\n");
printf("[4] 下载 Linux(uImage)    内核镜像到内存并运行\r\n");
printf("[5] 重启设备\r\n");
printf("[q] 退出菜单\r\n");
printf("\r\n");
printf("输入选择: ");
}
/***do_menu()的调用函数,命令的具体实现***/

void menu_shell(void)
{
char c;
char cmd_buf[200];
while (1)
{
main_menu_usage();
c = awaitkey(-1, NULL);
printf("%c\n", c);
switch (c)
{
case '1':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin; nand erase 0x0 0x60000; nand write 0x32000000 0x0 0x60000");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case '2':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 uImage; nand erase 0x80000 0x200000; nand write 0x32000000 0x80000 0x200000");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case '3':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 fs.yaffs; nand erase 0x280000; nand write.yaffs2 0x32000000 0x280000 $(filesize)");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case '4':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 uImage; bootm 0x32000000");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case '5':
{
strcpy(cmd_buf, "reset");
run_command(cmd_buf, 0);
break;
}
case 'q':
{
return;
break;
}
}
}
}
int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
menu_shell();
return 0;
}
U_BOOT_CMD(
menu, 1, 0, do_menu,
"Download Menu",
"U-boot Download Menu by Hotips\n"
);


对比两种下载方式我们清楚命令的添加和执行方式了
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