最全最详细的Apache+php+mysql+nagios+cacti 安装配置 以及出错处理过程

apache+php+mysql+nagios+cacti
我是在完全干净的Ubuntu10.04下源码编译安装的，如有些地方不妥，还请指出。由于本人运气不太好，安装配置过程中把网上出现的问题都遇见了，顾也写出FAQ解决方法。
Begin 安装前保证一些开发包如gcc，g++已经装上。

1. 安装apache2.2.19

tar zxvf httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.2.19

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so
#记得enable-so，不然后面会出问题

make

make install

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

设置 ServerName 为 0.0.0.0:80

ln -s /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd #启动项

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

打开浏览器，输入http://0.0.0.0:80 会出现It's works #查看apache是否安装正确

2. 安装mysql-5.5.14

如果没有安装cmake，首先安装cmake才能编译。

tar -zxvf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.5

./bootstrap;make;make install

安装完后，安装mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.14

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

/usr/local/bin/cmake . #cmake当前文件，注意有个点“.”

安装过程中可能会报以下错误

Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,

remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.

发现少库， Ubuntu下要安装libncurses5-dev
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
不知道库名可以用aptitude-search 来搜索
删除mysql文件夹，重新解压，tar zxvf mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.14

重新 执行 /usr/local/bin/cmake .

make

make install

cd /usr/local/mysql/

chown -R mysql:mysql *

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

chown -R root .

chown -R mysql data

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

/usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123'

/etc/init.d/mysql start

3. 安装php-5.3.6

在安装PHP之前要先安装zlib libpng jpeg freetype fontconfig gd，

/usr/local/zlib apt-get install libxml2-dev

/usr/local/libpng apt-get install libpng12-dev

/usr/local/jpeg ubuntu 默认安装

/usr/local/freetype apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

/usr/local/fontconfig ubuntu 默认安装

安装 /usr/local/gd

tar zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

cd gd/2.0.35/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd

make

make install

tar xvf php-5.3.6.tar.bz2

cd php-5.3.6

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd=/usr/local/gd --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-gd-jis-conv --enable-xml --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-bcmath

#--enable-bcmath 是以后装zabbix需要的。

make

make install

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

在合适位置加上 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

4.安装rrdtool

Rrdtool需要一些库文件的支持，这些库文件的安装非常耽误时间，在此我们使用
apt-get install 相关库文件来装，装得不全会报错的。一定要装完
cairo-devel libxml2-devel pango-devel pango libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel intltool

不然就会 configure: error: Please fix the library issues listed above and try again.

tar -zxvf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz

cd rrdtoos-1.4.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool --disable-tcl

make

make install

ln -s /usr/local/rrdtool/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

cp -r gbsn00lp.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/ 复制字体给rrdtool 使用

5.安装net-snamp

tar zxvf net-snmp-5.4.2.1.tar.gz

cd net-snmp-5.4.2.1

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp --enable-developer

make

如果报错

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

ln -s /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10 /usr/lib/libperl.so

make install

vim /usr/local/neit-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf修改可以访问SNMP的网段和community

比如

# sec.name source community

com2sec local localhost public

com2sec mynetwork 192.168.15.1 public

com2sec mynetwork 192.168.1.1 public

ln -s /usr/local/net-snmp/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

启动

/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -c /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

测试

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1 有数据返回则成功。

6.安装cacti

tar zxvf cacti-0.8.7g.tar.gz

cd cacti-0.8.7g

cp -r * /usr/local/apache/htdocs

useradd cacti

chown -R cacti /usr/local/apache/htdocs/rra

chown -R cacti:cacti /usr/local/apache/htdocs

登录MySQL，新建数据，并授权

mysql -uroot -p123

Mysql>create database cacti;

Mysql>grant all on cacti.* to cacti@'localhost' identified by 'cacti';

Mysql>flush privileges;

导入cacti数据库

#cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs

gedit cacti.sql

将 TYPE=MyISAM 全部替换为 ENGINE=MyISAM

导入数据库

#mysql -uroot -p123 cacti < cacti.sql

修改cacti安装配置文件

#vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/include/config.php

修改为

* make sure these values refect your actual database/host/user/password */

$database_type = "mysql";

$database_default = "cacti";

$database_hostname = "localhost";

$database_username = "cacti";

$database_password = "cacti";

$database_port = "3306";
终端运行 crontab -e，加入以下内容

*/5 * * * * /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1

运行以下步骤

启动apahce ，mysql，snmp

/etc/init.d/httpd start

/etc/init.d/mysql

/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -c /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

访问http://0.0.0.0/install/index.php

如果出现以下情况：

1.直接显示php代码，php没有装好，重装php。

2.页面是空白
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

在相应位置加入

AddType application/x-compress .Z

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .php3 .php4

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

AddType image/x-icon .ico

设置为以下

<IfModule dir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.php

</IfModule>

重启apache

这个时候cacti可以正常运行了。

7.安装nagios

/usr/sbin/useradd nagios

passwd nagios

/usr/sbin/groupadd nagios

/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagios nagios

/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd

/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd nagios

/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd www-data

tar -xvf nagios-cn-3.2.3.tar.bz2

cd nagios-cn-3.2.3

先要安装用apt-get install

libgd

libgd-devel

libpng

libpng-devel

libjpeg

libjpeg-devel

zlib

./configure --with-gd-lib=/usr/lib --with-gd-inc=/usr/include --with-command-group=nagcmd gd非常重要，不然不能生成nagios的stausmap.cgi

make install

make install-init

make install-config

make install-commandmode

创建一个 nagiosadmin 的用户用于 Nagios 的 WEB 接口登录。记下你所设置的登录口令,一会儿你会用到它。

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagios

验证 Nagios 的样例配置文件

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

编译并安装 Nagios 插件

tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.15.tar.gz

cd nagios-plugins-1.4.15

./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios

make

make install

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

添加以下到最后

# SAMPLE CONFIG SNIPPETS FOR APACHE WEB SERVER

# Last Modified: 11-26-2005

#

# This file contains examples of entries that need

# to be incorporated into your Apache web server

# configuration file. Customize the paths, etc. as

# needed to fit your system.

ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin /usr/local/nagios/sbin

<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">

Options ExecCGI

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users

Require valid-user

</Directory>

Alias /nagios /usr/local/nagios/share

<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share">

Options None

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users

Require valid-user

</Directory>

由于创建的用户为nagios，所以还要修改cgi.cfg,不然权限不够。

vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg

在nagiosadmin后加上nagios 注意用‘，’号隔开

重启apache,启动nagios

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

/etc/init.d/nagios start

正常工作。

以下是在安装过程中出现的问题和处理方法。
1.It appears as though you do not have permission to view information for any of the services you requested...

打开cgi.cfg配置文件，里面有个参数:

use_authentication=1

为了保障系统的安全性，nagios设置了这个参数，默认为1,改为0即可

这个只是临时解决方案，其实该在cgi.cfg的nagiosadmin后面加上你建立的nagios用户名，我就用的nagios

2.It seems that you have chosen to not use the authentication functionality of the CGIs.

I don't want to be personally responsible for what may happen as a result of allowing unauthorized users to issue commands to Nagios,so you'll have to disable this safeguard if you are really stubborn and want to invite trouble.

原因 : 认证用户不正确

开启认证 认证的用户必须是 cgi.cfg 配置文件里有的 默认是 nagiosadmin

如果你新建的其他用户 需要添加进去 多用户用逗号分开

authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin

如果不是 nagiosadmin 需要到后面添加

例子 authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,admin
3.Ubuntu下安装MySQL出现FATAL ERROR: Could not find mysqld的处理

错误信息:

#./bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql

FATAL ERROR: Could not find mysqld

The following directories were searched:

/usr/libexec

/usr/sbin

/usr/bin

If you compiled from source, you need to run ‘make install’to copy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top of the level of the extracted archivem or pass the –basedir option pointing to that location.

解决办法：

在安装目录下运行 scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

（这里mysql是所使用的用户名，basedir是mysql的安装目录）
4.安装cacti时，在导入cacti.sql 这个文件时报错：

The command "mysql -u root -p cacti < cacti.sql' gets the following error:

ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 5: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'TYPE=MyISAM' at line 6

原因是mysql5这后不再支持 TYPE=MyISAM 这样的语法了，改成 ENGINE=MyISAM 就可以了。
5.Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Chongqing' for 'CST/8.0/no DST' instead in /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/include/global_constants.php on line 154

解决方法

1：改 php.ini

cp php-5.3.6/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

改date.timezone ='Asia/Shanghai'

date.timezone=PRC 重启apache 然后再试试

2：在程序代码中写入

第一行写入：date_default_timezone_set ('Asia/Shanghai');

ini_set('date.timezone','Asia/Shanghai');

6.cacti无法显示图片，在rra文件夹下没有生成*.rra文件。

解决方法：

/usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/local/apache/htdocs/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1

php 问题,重新编译php

cacti配置中rrdtool 版本选1.2，rra文件夹权限问题
7.进入cacti后显示白板

解决方法：

php-mysql 没装好，重装php，编译加入php-mysql

8.访问cacti会提示：Error
解决方法：
编译php 需要加参数--enable-sockets
9.编译net-snmp出现 command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
重新编译 net-snmp ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp --enable-developer --with-python-modules=/usr/local/bin/python --with-ipython-modules=/usr/local/bin/ipython
10.nagios 乱码问题

在apache http.conf 中加入AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
11.nagios 无法执行命令开通知

在apache http.conf 中加入 User nagios Group nagios
如还有不全，请大家提出。