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关于Silverlight 调用WCF/Rest的异常

2011-06-20 19:08 573 查看
新建Rest服务接口:

[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
[OperationContract]
string GetData(int value);
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

接着新建一个服务实现类:

public class Service1 : IService1
{
public string GetData(int value)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 5 / i;
return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
}
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

在这里让Service1 抛出”divided by zero exception:”

<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="ServiceBehavior">
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<service behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior" name="WcfService1.Service1">
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

在这里注意<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />

 

在Silverlight 客户端添加服务引用,名称为:ServiceReference1.

在页面上添加一个按钮,按钮的Click事件代码如下:

private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Service1Client client = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client();

client.GetDataCompleted += new EventHandler<GetDataCompletedEventArgs>(client_GetDataCompleted);
client.GetDataAsync(35); //Try GetData
}

void client_GetDataCompleted(object sender, ServiceReference1.GetDataCompletedEventArgs e)
{
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

运行,结果如下:





可以看到实际的异常是“尝试除以0”,但是由于浏览器限制,所有的异常都是NotFound。

 

在msdn上有两种方法可以解决这个问题,

最简单的就是在App.xaml.cs代码里面使用RegisterPrefix来使用备用客户端 HTTP 堆栈

public App()
{
bool bRegisterPrefix = WebRequest.RegisterPrefix(http://localhost:9541/,


WebRequestCreator.ClientHttp);
//other Code
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

再次运行代码:



这是SL调用WCF服务如何处理异常的方式,那么调用Rest服务呢?

首先要修改Web.config 节点下的serviceModel以让它支持Rest。

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>
<behavior name="EndpointBehavior">
<webHttp helpEnabled="true" defaultOutgoingResponseFormat="Json"
faultExceptionEnabled="true" />
</behavior>
</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="ServiceBehavior">
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<services>
<service behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior" name="WcfService1.Service1">
<endpoint behaviorConfiguration="EndpointBehavior" binding="webHttpBinding"
bindingConfiguration="" name="Rest" contract="WcfService1.IService1" />
</service>
</services>

</system.serviceModel>


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

 

在这里要设置webHttp 节点的faultExceptionEnabled=true.并且设置serviceDebug 的includeExceptionDetailInFaults 为true。

OK,服务的Web.config文件已经配置完毕了,接下来要为GetData方法添加WebGet特性修饰了。

public class Service1 : IService1
{
[WebGet()]
public string GetData(int value)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 5 / i;

return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
}
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

运行:

地址为:http://localhost:9541/Service1.svc/help





接着输入地址:http://localhost:9541/Service1.svc/GetData?value=3





可以看到得到了异常信息了。

 

注意:别忘记了添加跨域和授权文件:crossdomain.xml 和 clientaccesspolicy.xml 到网站根目录。

 

同样,修改SL客户端页面,添加一个Button,button的代码事件为:

private void btnRest_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
WebClient wc = new WebClient();

wc.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(


wc_DownloadStringCompleted);
wc.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://localhost:9541/Service1.svc/GetData?value=3"));
}

void wc_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Error != null)
{
throw e.Error;
}
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

运行,点击btnRest





可以看到,Rest 调用的结果仍然是NotFound。

提示让我们查看Response属性和Status属性。

就看看Respone属性的ResponseStrem是什么吧。





可以看到errorMessage 就是返回的错误,很明显,我们需要对它反序列化成Exception的对象。

 

首先尝试使用DataContractSerializer来反序列化为FaultException类





因为我们尝试反序列化为FaultException类,但是XML数据的Element名称为Fault。所以失败,难道是有Fault类 ?可是找了很久也没发现Fault类。

但是在ReadObject方法中发现了一个verifyObjectName的重载。

将代码修改为:

DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(
typeof(FaultException));

//object deserializerObject = serializer.ReadObject(errorStream);
object deserializerObject = serializer.ReadObject(XmlReader.Create(errorStream),false);


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

重新运行:

 





可以发现虽然序列化是成功的,但是序列化后的值全部是错误的。

最后没办法既然有XML的异常数据,那么可以尝试解析xml数据并使用自定义异常。

 

首先新建SLFaultException 类,继承Exception:代码如下:

public class SLFaultException : Exception
{
public ExceptionDetail Detail { get; set; }

public SLFaultException() { }
public SLFaultException(string message) : base(message) { }
public SLFaultException(string message, ExceptionDetail detail)
: base(message)
{
Detail = detail;
}
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

 

完整的代码如下:

void wc_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Error != null)
{
if (e.Error is WebException)
{
WebResponse errorResponse = ((WebException)e.Error).Response;

Stream errorStream = errorResponse.GetResponseStream();

XElement rootElement = XElement.Load(errorStream);
XElement detailElement = rootElement
.Descendants()
.First(el => el.Name.LocalName == "ExceptionDetail");

DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(
typeof(ExceptionDetail));
ExceptionDetail exceptionDetail = (ExceptionDetail)serializer.ReadObject(


detailElement.CreateReader(), true);

SLFaultException faultException = new SLFaultException(


exceptionDetail.Message, exceptionDetail);

throw faultException;
}
}
}


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

 

虽然序列化为FaultException是失败的,但是xml节点的ExceptionDetail是可以被反序列回来的,当然上面的处理WebException的过程是可以被封装的,读者自己尝试下吧,呵呵。

 

结果如下图:



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