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RedHat Linux Enterprise 5 yum的配置

2011-05-24 08:48 459 查看
首先,rhel5系统安装的时候其实已经有yum了,只是因为如果用官方的网站更新的话除非你是用钱买的rhel5.否则它会提示注册之类的。所以 只要把 yum的更新地址改成开源的就行了。而限定yum更新地址的文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/里。先把它们改成备份文件,即在后面加.bak。

  [root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

  [root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew.bak

  建立新的配置文件:

  [root@killgoogle ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

  [root@killgoogle ~]# touch rhel-debuginfo.repo

  [root@killgoogle ~]# touch mirrors-rpmforge

  [root@killgoogle ~]# touch rpmforge.repo

  往新的配置文件写东西:

  [root@killgoogle ~]#vi rhel-debuginfo.repo

  [base]

  name=CentOS-5 - Base

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&

  repo=os

  #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  #released updates

  [update]

  name=CentOS-5 - Updates

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  #packages used/produced in the build but not released

  [addons]

  name=CentOS-5 - Addons

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  #additional packages that may be useful

  [extras]

  name=CentOS-5 - Extras

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

  [centosplus]

  name=CentOS-5 - Plus

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  enabled=0

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  #contrib - packages by Centos Users

  [contrib]

  name=CentOS-5 - Contrib

  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/

  gpgcheck=1

  enabled=0

  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

  # vi dag.repo

  [dag]

  name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5

  baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/

  enabled=1

  gpgcheck=1

  gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

  修改第二个配置文件:

  root@killgoogle ~]vi mirrors-rpmforge

  http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://ftp2.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  #http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

  修改第三个配置文件:

  [root@killgoogle ~]# vi rpmforge.repo

  # Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag

  # URL: http://rpmforge.net/
  [rpmforge]

  name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag

  #baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag
  mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
  #mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge

  enabled = 1

  protect = 0

  gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

  gpgcheck = 1

  2.如果风速慢的话可以通过增加yum的超时时间,这样就不会总是因为超时而退出。

  [root@killgoogle ~]vi /etc/yum.conf

  加上这么一句:timeout=120

  到这里配置差不多就完了。还有一个包需要安装:rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

  如果不安装的话有可能会出现以下错误:GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录: '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag'

  到http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/找到这个包,然后

  [root@killgoogle ~]rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

  接下来就是输入KEY了。

  [root@killgoogle ~]   rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   (要不一装软件就要kde ,郁闷!!)

  或者执行以下命令:

  64位:

  rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
  32位:

  rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
  3.执行升级命令,看看速度如何:

  yum update

  这样基本上yum就可以用了。不过如果觉得不爽的话还可以优化:

  加速yum

  [root@killgoogle ~]yum install yum-fastestmirror yum-presto

  指定或去掉软件源的mirror:

  可以在baseurl中将比较慢的mirror去掉

  你的yum镜像的速度测试记录文件:

  /var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt

  yum Existing lock 错误的解决办法

  如果系统启动的时候, yum 出现Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting. 可以用下面的办法解决:

  [root@killgoogle ~]/etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop

  也可以用以下方法:

  [root@killgoogle ~]rm -f /var/run/yum.pid

  主要原因就是yum在自动更新只要关掉它就可以了。

  完了。现在就可以测试能不能用了哦:

  [root@killgoogle ~]yum install mplayer

  这是安装mplayer如果要删除则是:

  [root@killgoogle ~]yum remove mplayer
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