Android Activity和Intent机制 学习笔记(显示网页,显示地图,打电话)
2011-05-19 13:41
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对于显式Intent,Android不需要去做解析,因为目标组件已经很明确,Android需要解析的是那些隐式Intent,通过解析,将 Intent映射给可以处理此Intent的Activity、IntentReceiver或Service。 Intent解析机制主要是通过查找已注册在AndroidManifest.xml中的所有IntentFilter及其中定义的Intent,最终找到匹配的Intent。在这个解析过程中,Android是通过Intent的action、type、category这三个属性来进行判断的,判断方法如下: 如果Intent指明定了action,则目标组件的IntentFilter的action列表中就必须包含有这个action,否则不能匹配; 如果Intent没有提供type,系统将从data中得到数据类型。和action一样,目标组件的数据类型列表中必须包含Intent的数据类型,否则不能匹配。 如果Intent中的数据不是content: 类型的URI,而且Intent也没有明确指定它的type,将根据Intent中数据的scheme (比如 http: 或者mailto:) 进行匹配。同上,Intent 的scheme必须出现在目标组件的scheme列表中。 如果Intent指定了一个或多个category,这些类别必须全部出现在组建的类别列表中。比如Intent中包含了两个类别:LAUNCHER_CATEGORY 和 ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY,解析得到的目标组件必须至少包含这两个类别。 Intent-Filter的定义 一些属性设置的例子: <action android:name="com.example.project.SHOW_CURRENT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <data android:mimeType="video/mpeg" android:scheme="http" . . . /> <data android:mimeType="image/*" /> <data android:scheme="http" android:type="video/*" /> 完整的实例 <activity android:name="NotesList" android:label="@string/title_notes_list"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" /> <action android:name="android.intent.action.EDIT" /> <action android:name="android.intent.action.PICK" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note" /> </intent-filter> </activity> Intent用法实例 1.无参数Activity跳转 Intent it = new Intent(Activity.Main.this, Activity2.class); startActivity(it); 2.向下一个Activity传递数据(使用Bundle和Intent.putExtras) Intent it = new Intent(Activity.Main.this, Activity2.class); Bundle bundle=new Bundle(); bundle.putString("name", "This is from MainActivity!"); it.putExtras(bundle); // it.putExtra(“test”, "shuju”); startActivity(it); // startActivityForResult(it,REQUEST_CODE); 对于数据的获取可以采用: Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras(); String name=bundle.getString("name"); 3.向上一个Activity返回结果(使用setResult,针对startActivityForResult(it,REQUEST_CODE)启动的Activity) Intent intent=getIntent(); Bundle bundle2=new Bundle(); bundle2.putString("name", "This is from ShowMsg!"); intent.putExtras(bundle2); setResult(RESULT_OK, intent); 4.回调上一个Activity的结果处理函数(onActivityResult) @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode==REQUEST_CODE){ if(resultCode==RESULT_CANCELED) setTitle("cancle"); else if (resultCode==RESULT_OK) { String temp=null; Bundle bundle=data.getExtras(); if(bundle!=null) temp=bundle.getString("name"); setTitle(temp); } } } 下面是转载来的其他的一些Intent用法实例(转自javaeye) 显示网页 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 3. startActivity(it); 显示地图 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 3. startActivity(it); 4. //其他 geo URI 範例 5. //geo:latitude,longitude 6. //geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom 7. //geo:0,0?q=my+street+address 8. //geo:0,0?q=business+near+city 9. //google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom 路径规划 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 3. startActivity(it); 4. //where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456 打电话 1. //叫出拨号程序 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); 4. startActivity(it); 1. //直接打电话出去 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri); 4. startActivity(it); 5. //用這個,要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中,加上 6. //<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> 传送SMS/MMS 1. //调用短信程序 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 4. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); 5. startActivity(it); 1. //传送消息 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto://0800000123"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 4. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 5. startActivity(it); 1. //传送 MMS 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 4. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); 5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); 6. it.setType("image/png"); 7. startActivity(it); 传送 Email 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 3. startActivity(it); 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); 4. it.setType("text/plain"); 5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; 3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); 5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); 6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); 7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 8. it.setType("message/rfc822"); 9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 1. //传送附件 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); 5. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); 6. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 播放多媒体 Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); it.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); Market 相关 1. //寻找某个应用 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 4. startActivity(it); 5. //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application 1. //显示某个应用的相关信息 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 4. startActivity(it); 5. //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID 6. //by clicking on your application on Market home 7. //page, and notice the ID from the address bar Uninstall 应用程序 1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); 3. startActivity(it); |
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