使用php和jquery设置和读取cookies
2011-04-20 13:17
351 查看
HTTP协议是一种无状态协议,这意味着你对网站的每一个请求都是独立的,而且因此无法通过它自身保存数据。但这种简单性也是它在互联网早期就广泛传播的原因之一。
不过,它仍然有一种方法能让你用cookies的形式来保存请求之间的信息。这种方法使你能够更有效率的进行会话管理和维持数据。
有两种处理cookies的方式—服务端(php,asp等)和客户端(javascript).在这个教程中,我们将学习到以php和javascript这两种
方式如何去创建cookies。
Cookies and php
setting cookies
在php中创建cookie你需要用到setcookie这个方法。它需要些参数(除了第一个参数是必需的,其它参数都是可选的)
setcookie( 'pageVisits', //cookie名字,必需的 $visited, //cookie的值 time()+7*24*60*60, //过期时间,设置为一个星期 '/', //cookie可用的文件路径 'demo.tutorialzine.com' //cookie绑定的域名 )
如果过期时间设置为0(默认设置也是0),那么当浏览器重启时cookie将会丢失。
参数'/'表示你域名下所有文件路径cookie都可以用(当然你也可以为它设置单一的文件路径,例:'/admin/')。
你还可以传给个这个函数别两个额外的参数,这里没有给出。它们被规定为boolean类型的。
第一个参数表示cookie仅在一个安全的HTTPS连接才运转,而第二个参数表示不能使用javascript操作cookie。
对大多数人来说,你只需要第四个参数,剩下的就忽略了。
reading cookies
用php读取cookie就简单多了。所有的传给脚本的cookies都在$_COOKIE这个超级全局数组里。
在我们的例子里,可以用下面的代码来读取cookies:
$visits = (int)$_COOKIE['pageVisits']+1; echo "You visited this site: ".$visits." times";
值得注意的地方是,当下一个页面加载好时,也可以用$_COOKIE来取得你用setcookie方法设置的cookies,
你应该意识到了什么。
deleting cookies
为了删除cookies,仅仅需要用setcookie函数为cookies设置一个已经过去时间做为过期就行了。
setcookie( 'pageVisits', $visited, time()-7*24*60*60, //设置为前一个星期,cookie将会被删除 '/', 'demo.tutorialzine.com' )
Cookies and jQuery
在jquery中使用cookies,你需要一个插件Cookie plugin.Setting cookies
用Cookie plug-in设置cookies是很直观的:01 | $(document).ready( function (){ |
02 |
03 | // Setting a kittens cookie, it will be lost on browser restart: |
04 | $.cookie( "kittens" , "Seven Kittens" ); |
05 |
06 | // Setting demoCookie (as seen in the demonstration): |
07 | $.cookie( "demoCookie" ,text,{expires: 7, path: '/' , domain: 'demo.tutorialzine.com' }); |
08 |
09 | // "text" is a variable holding the string to be saved |
10 | }); |
Reading cookies
读取cookie甚至更简单,只需要调用$.cookie()方法,给它一个cookie-name就可以了,这个方法会返回cookie的值:1 | $(document).ready( function (){ |
2 |
3 | // Getting the kittens cookie: |
4 | var str = $.cookie( "kittens" ); |
5 |
6 | // str now contains "Seven Kittens" |
7 | }); |
Deleting cookies
删除cookie,只需要在次使得$.cookie()方法,把第二个参数设置为null就可以了。1 | $(document).ready( function (){ |
2 |
3 | // Deleting the kittens cookie: |
4 | var str = $.cookie( "kittens" , null ); |
5 |
6 | // No more kittens |
7 | }); |
完整例子:
demo.php
<?php
// Always set cookies before any data or HTML are printed to the page
$visited = (int)$_COOKIE['pageVisits'] + 1;
setcookie( 'pageVisits', // Name of the cookie, required
$visited, // The value of the cookie
time()+7*24*60*60, // Expiration time, set for a week in the future
'/', // Folder path, the cookie will be available for all scripts in every folder of the site
'demo.tutorialzine.com'); // Domain to which the cookie will be locked
?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>MicroTut: Getting And Setting Cookies With jQuery & PHP | Tutorialzine demo</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" mce_href="styles.css" />
<mce:script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js" mce_src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js"></mce:script>
<mce:script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.cookie.js" mce_src="jquery.cookie.js"></mce:script>
<mce:script type="text/javascript"><!--
$(document).ready(function(){
var cookie = $.cookie('demoCookie');
// If the cookie has been set in a previous page load, show it in the div directly:
if(cookie) $('.jq-text').text(cookie).show();
$('.fields a').click(function(e){
var text = $('#inputBox').val();
// Setting a cookie with a seven day validity:
$.cookie('demoCookie',text,{expires: 7, path:'/', domain:'demo.tutorialzine.com'});
$('.jq-text').text(text).slideDown('slow');
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#form1').submit(function(e){ e.preventDefault();})
})
// --></mce:script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>MicroTut: Getting And Setting Cookies With jQuery & PHP</h1>
<h2>Go Back <a href="http://tutorialzine.com/2010/03/microtut-getting-setting-cookies-jquery-php/" mce_href="http://tutorialzine.com/2010/03/microtut-getting-setting-cookies-jquery-php/">To The Tutorial »</a></h2>
<div class="section">
<div class="counter"><?php echo $visited?></div>
<p>The number above indicates how many times you've visited this page (PHP cookie). Reload to test.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="jq-text"></div>
<form action="" method="get" id="form1">
<div class="fields">
<input type="text" id="inputBox" />
<a href="">Save</a>
</div>
</form>
<p>Write some text in the field above and click Save. It will be saved between page reloads with a jQuery cookie.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
jquery.cookie.js
/**
* Cookie plugin
*
* Copyright (c) 2006 Klaus Hartl (stilbuero.de)
* Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html *
*/
/**
* Create a cookie with the given name and value and other optional parameters.
*
* @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value');
* @desc Set the value of a cookie.
* @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value', { expires: 7, path: '/', domain:'jquery.com', secure: true });
* @desc Create a cookie with all available options.
* @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value');
* @desc Create a session cookie.
* @example $.cookie('the_cookie', null);
* @desc Delete a cookie by passing null as value. Keep in mind that you have to use the same path and domain
* used when the cookie was set.
*
* @param String name The name of the cookie.
* @param String value The value of the cookie.
* @param Object options An object literal containing key/value pairs to provide optional cookie attributes.
* @option Number|Date expires Either an integer specifying the expiration date from now on in days or a Date object.
* If a negative value is specified (e.g. a date in the past), the cookie will be deleted.
* If set to null or omitted, the cookie will be a session cookie and will not be retained
* when the the browser exits.
* @option String path The value of the path atribute of the cookie (default: path of page that created the cookie).
* @option String domain The value of the domain attribute of the cookie (default: domain of page that created the cookie).
* @option Boolean secure If true, the secure attribute of the cookie will be set and the cookie transmission will
* require a secure protocol (like HTTPS).
* @type undefined
*
* @name $.cookie
* @cat Plugins/Cookie
* @author Klaus Hartl/klaus.hartl@stilbuero.de
*/
/**
* Get the value of a cookie with the given name.
*
* @example $.cookie('the_cookie');
* @desc Get the value of a cookie.
*
* @param String name The name of the cookie.
* @return The value of the cookie.
* @type String
*
* @name $.cookie
* @cat Plugins/Cookie
* @author Klaus Hartl/klaus.hartl@stilbuero.de
*/
jQuery.cookie = function(name, value, options) {
if (typeof value != 'undefined') { // name and value given, set cookie
options = options || {};
if (value === null) {
value = '';
options.expires = -1;
}
var expires = '';
if (options.expires && (typeof options.expires == 'number' || options.expires.toUTCString)) {
var date;
if (typeof options.expires == 'number') {
date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (options.expires * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
} else {
date = options.expires;
}
expires = '; expires=' + date.toUTCString();// use expires attribute, max-age is not supported by IE
}
// CAUTION: Needed to parenthesize options.path and options.domain
// in the following expressions, otherwise they evaluate to undefined
// in the packed version for some reason...
var path = options.path ? '; path=' + (options.path) : '';
var domain = options.domain ? '; domain=' + (options.domain) : '';
var secure = options.secure ? '; secure' : '';
document.cookie = [name, '=', encodeURIComponent(value), expires, path, domain, secure].join('');
} else { // only name given, get cookie
var cookieValue = null;
if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]);
// Does this cookie string begin with the name we want?
if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
break;
}
}
}
return cookieValue;
}
};
styles.css
*{ margin:0; padding:0; } body{ /* Setting default text color, background and a font stack */ color:#555555; font-size:0.825em; background: #fcfcfc; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .section{ margin:0 auto 60px; text-align:center; width:600px; } .counter{ color:#79CEF1; font-size:180px; } .jq-text{ display:none; color:#79CEF1; font-size:80px; } p{ font-size:11px; padding:0 200px; } form{ margin-bottom:15px; } input[type=text]{ border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#444444; font-family:Arial,Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px; letter-spacing:1px; padding:2px 4px; } /* The styles below are only necessary for the styling of the demo page: */ h1{ background:#F4F4F4; border-bottom:1px solid #EEEEEE; font-size:20px; font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:15px; padding:15px; text-align:center; } h2 { font-size:12px; font-weight:normal; padding-right:40px; position:relative; right:0; text-align:right; text-transform:uppercase; top:-48px; } a, a:visited { color:#0196e3; text-decoration:none; outline:none; } a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; } .clear{ clear:both; } h1,h2,p.tutInfo{ font-family:"Myriad Pro",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
结束语:
关于cookie的使用,你需要注意的是不要把一些敏感信息(例如用户名、密码)保存在cookies中,
为因当每一个页面加载时cookies都会和headers一样传递到页面,很容易被不法份子截取到。
但是,只要有适当的预防措施,你就可以用这个简单的技术实现大量的互动。
相关文章推荐
- 怎样使用php与jquery设置和读取cookies
- 怎样使用php与jquery设置和读取cookies
- 使用php设置cookies时出现无法删除cookies的情况记录
- 关于jQuery的cookies插件2.2.0版设置过期时间的说明 (使用过,真的OK)
- php读取javascript设置的cookies的代码
- php使用p3p实现cookies跨域设置 实现单点登录,全站登录
- 如何使用jQuery+PHP+MySQL来实现一个在线测试项目
- PHP 使用header函数设置HTTP头的示例方法 表头 (xlsx下载)
- Ajax应用:使用jQuery和PHP实现功能开关效果
- php实战之使用递归读取商品无限分类
- PHP读取PDF内容配合Xpdf的使用
- php使用curl设置超时的重要性
- jQuery中使用data()方法读取HTML5自定义属性data-*实例
- PHP 安全手册 第六条 表单 不希望变动的数据要设置为常量 使用session 进行跟踪
- PHP中使用xmlreader读取xml数据示例
- 读取xml实现问卷调查,关于问卷调查的内容全部放在了xml里面,使用了jQuery
- 使用jQuery和PHP将Fckeditor(ckeditor)发布的内容进行无刷新分页
- php程序员使用jquery的if判断易犯的一个错误总结
- 使用JS设置cookie和读取cookie的函数