解决Js解析xml浏览器不兼容问题及省市区三级联动实现

解决Js解析xml浏览器不兼容问题及省市区三级联动实现

首先分析一下，浏览器不兼容的原因：

不同的浏览器在加载xml是的方法不同
//IE浏览器
var xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
// firefox opera其他浏览器
var xmlDoc = document.implementation.createDocument("","",null);
Firefox，opera以及其他一些浏览器，会把空的空白或换行作为文本节点来处理，而 Internet Explorer 不会这样。
处理空白和换行的方式 ：
for(var i=0;i<provinces.length;i++){ //在输出所有的子节点的时候
if(provinces[i].nodeType==1){//在这里判断该节点是否是元素节点
}
}

这样做就OK啦！
要说明的是 opera11.01以下这样做都是兼容的；但是在opera 11.01是不兼容的
因为在opera11.01版本中会出现xmlDoc.async<window.onload的异常信息
XMLHttpRequest to files is disabled for security reasons.
==> Set "Allow File XMLHttpRequest" with opera:config#UserPrefs|AllowFileXMLHttpRequest to disable this security check.

有两种解决方案
1，就是在服务器页面中访问，开启服务器，进行访问，
2，在opera11.01中设置User Prefs属性
1>、打开opera浏览器,在地址栏中输入:about:cofig
2>、在列举的首选项编辑器中找到: User Prefs
3>、点击打开User Prefs 找到里边的:Allow File XMLHttpRequest并勾选
4>、勾选上之后点击下面的保存按钮即可解决;

就以省市区三级联动为例，代码实现如下：
创建一个city.xml

<root name="中国">
<province name="请选择省" postcode="100000" >
<city name="请选择市" postcode="100100" >
<area name="请选择区" postcode="100101" />
</city>
</province>
<province name="北京市" postcode="110000" >
<city name="市辖区" postcode="110100" >
<area name="东城区" postcode="110101" />
<area name="西城区" postcode="110102" />
<area name="崇文区" postcode="110103" />
<area name="宣武区" postcode="110104" />
<area name="朝阳区" postcode="110105" />
<area name="丰台区" postcode="110106" />
<area name="石景山区" postcode="110107" />
<area name="海淀区" postcode="110108" />
<area name="门头沟区" postcode="110109" />
<area name="房山区" postcode="110111" />
<area name="通州区" postcode="110112" />
<area name="顺义区" postcode="110113" />
<area name="昌平区" postcode="110114" />
<area name="大兴区" postcode="110115" />
<area name="怀柔区" postcode="110116" />
<area name="平谷区" postcode="110117" />
</city>
<city name="县" postcode="110200" >
<area name="密云县" postcode="110228" />
<area name="延庆县" postcode="110229" />
</city>
</province>
<province name="天津市" postcode="120000" >
<city name="市辖区" postcode="120100" >
<area name="和平区" postcode="120101" />
<area name="河东区" postcode="120102" />
<area name="河西区" postcode="120103" />
<area name="南开区" postcode="120104" />
<area name="河北区" postcode="120105" />
<area name="红桥区" postcode="120106" />
<area name="塘沽区" postcode="120107" />
<area name="汉沽区" postcode="120108" />
<area name="大港区" postcode="120109" />
<area name="东丽区" postcode="120110" />
<area name="西青区" postcode="120111" />
<area name="津南区" postcode="120112" />
<area name="北辰区" postcode="120113" />
<area name="武清区" postcode="120114" />
<area name="宝坻区" postcode="120115" />
</city>
<city name="县" postcode="120200" >
<area name="宁河县" postcode="120221" />
<area name="静海县" postcode="120223" />
<area name="蓟县" postcode="120225" />
</city>
</province>

<province name="河北省" postcode="130000" >
<city name="石家庄市" postcode="130100" >
<area name="长安区" postcode="130102" />
<area name="桥东区" postcode="130103" />
<area name="桥西区" postcode="130104" />
<area name="新华区" postcode="130105" />
<area name="井陉矿区" postcode="130107" />
<area name="裕华区" postcode="130108" />
<area name="井陉县" postcode="130121" />
<area name="正定县" postcode="130123" />
<area name="栾城县" postcode="130124" />
<area name="行唐县" postcode="130125" />
<area name="灵寿县" postcode="130126" />
<area name="高邑县" postcode="130127" />
<area name="深泽县" postcode="130128" />
<area name="赞皇县" postcode="130129" />
<area name="无极县" postcode="130130" />
<area name="平山县" postcode="130131" />
<area name="元氏县" postcode="130132" />
<area name="赵县" postcode="130133" />
<area name="辛集市" postcode="130181" />
<area name="藁城市" postcode="130182" />
<area name="晋州市" postcode="130183" />
<area name="新乐市" postcode="130184" />
<area name="鹿泉市" postcode="130185" />
</city>
<city name="唐山市" postcode="130200" >
<area name="路南区" postcode="130202" />
<area name="路北区" postcode="130203" />
<area name="古冶区" postcode="130204" />
<area name="开平区" postcode="130205" />
<area name="丰南区" postcode="130207" />
<area name="丰润区" postcode="130208" />
<area name="滦县" postcode="130223" />
<area name="滦南县" postcode="130224" />
<area name="乐亭县" postcode="130225" />
<area name="迁西县" postcode="130227" />
<area name="玉田县" postcode="130229" />
<area name="唐海县" postcode="130230" />
<area name="遵化市" postcode="130281" />
<area name="迁安市" postcode="130283" />
</city>
<city name="秦皇岛市" postcode="130300" >
<area name="海港区" postcode="130302" />
<area name="山海关区" postcode="130303" />
<area name="北戴河区" postcode="130304" />
<area name="青龙满族自治县" postcode="130321" />
<area name="昌黎县" postcode="130322" />
<area name="抚宁县" postcode="130323" />
<area name="卢龙县" postcode="130324" />
</city>
<city name="邯郸市" postcode="130400" >
<area name="邯山区" postcode="130402" />
<area name="丛台区" postcode="130403" />
<area name="复兴区" postcode="130404" />
<area name="峰峰矿区" postcode="130406" />
<area name="邯郸县" postcode="130421" />
<area name="临漳县" postcode="130423" />
<area name="成安县" postcode="130424" />
<area name="大名县" postcode="130425" />
<area name="涉县" postcode="130426" />
<area name="磁县" postcode="130427" />
<area name="肥乡县" postcode="130428" />
<area name="永年县" postcode="130429" />
<area name="邱县" postcode="130430" />
<area name="鸡泽县" postcode="130431" />
<area name="广平县" postcode="130432" />
<area name="馆陶县" postcode="130433" />
<area name="魏县" postcode="130434" />
<area name="曲周县" postcode="130435" />
<area name="武安市" postcode="130481" />
</city>
<city name="邢台市" postcode="130500" >
<area name="桥东区" postcode="130502" />
<area name="桥西区" postcode="130503" />
<area name="邢台县" postcode="130521" />
<area name="临城县" postcode="130522" />
<area name="内丘县" postcode="130523" />
<area name="柏乡县" postcode="130524" />
<area name="隆尧县" postcode="130525" />
<area name="任县" postcode="130526" />
<area name="南和县" postcode="130527" />
<area name="宁晋县" postcode="130528" />
<area name="巨鹿县" postcode="130529" />
<area name="新河县" postcode="130530" />
<area name="广宗县" postcode="130531" />
<area name="平乡县" postcode="130532" />
<area name="威县" postcode="130533" />
<area name="清河县" postcode="130534" />
<area name="临西县" postcode="130535" />
<area name="南宫市" postcode="130581" />
<area name="沙河市" postcode="130582" />
</city>
<city name="保定市" postcode="130600" >
<area name="新市区" postcode="130602" />
<area name="北市区" postcode="130603" />
<area name="南市区" postcode="130604" />
<area name="满城县" postcode="130621" />
<area name="清苑县" postcode="130622" />
<area name="涞水县" postcode="130623" />
<area name="阜平县" postcode="130624" />
<area name="徐水县" postcode="130625" />
<area name="定兴县" postcode="130626" />
<area name="唐县" postcode="130627" />
<area name="高阳县" postcode="130628" />
<area name="容城县" postcode="130629" />
<area name="涞源县" postcode="130630" />
<area name="望都县" postcode="130631" />
<area name="安新县" postcode="130632" />
<area name="易县" postcode="130633" />
<area name="曲阳县" postcode="130634" />
<area name="蠡县" postcode="130635" />
<area name="顺平县" postcode="130636" />
<area name="博野县" postcode="130637" />
<area name="雄县" postcode="130638" />
<area name="涿州市" postcode="130681" />
<area name="定州市" postcode="130682" />
<area name="安国市" postcode="130683" />
<area name="高碑店市" postcode="130684" />
</city>
<city name="张家口市" postcode="130700" >
<area name="桥东区" postcode="130702" />
<area name="桥西区" postcode="130703" />
<area name="宣化区" postcode="130705" />
<area name="下花园区" postcode="130706" />
<area name="宣化县" postcode="130721" />
<area name="张北县" postcode="130722" />
<area name="康保县" postcode="130723" />
<area name="沽源县" postcode="130724" />
<area name="尚义县" postcode="130725" />
<area name="蔚县" postcode="130726" />
<area name="阳原县" postcode="130727" />
<area name="怀安县" postcode="130728" />
<area name="万全县" postcode="130729" />
<area name="怀来县" postcode="130730" />
<area name="涿鹿县" postcode="130731" />
<area name="赤城县" postcode="130732" />
<area name="崇礼县" postcode="130733" />
</city>
<city name="承德市" postcode="130800" >
<area name="双桥区" postcode="130802" />
<area name="双滦区" postcode="130803" />
<area name="鹰手营子矿区" postcode="130804" />
<area name="承德县" postcode="130821" />
<area name="兴隆县" postcode="130822" />
<area name="平泉县" postcode="130823" />
<area name="滦平县" postcode="130824" />
<area name="隆化县" postcode="130825" />
<area name="丰宁满族自治县" postcode="130826" />
<area name="宽城满族自治县" postcode="130827" />
<area name="围场满族蒙古族自治县" postcode="130828" />
</city>
<city name="沧州市" postcode="130900" >
<area name="新华区" postcode="130902" />
<area name="运河区" postcode="130903" />
<area name="沧县" postcode="130921" />
<area name="青县" postcode="130922" />
<area name="东光县" postcode="130923" />
<area name="海兴县" postcode="130924" />
<area name="盐山县" postcode="130925" />
<area name="肃宁县" postcode="130926" />
<area name="南皮县" postcode="130927" />
<area name="吴桥县" postcode="130928" />
<area name="献县" postcode="130929" />
<area name="孟村回族自治县" postcode="130930" />
<area name="泊头市" postcode="130981" />
<area name="任丘市" postcode="130982" />
<area name="黄骅市" postcode="130983" />
<area name="河间市" postcode="130984" />
</city>
<city name="廊坊市" postcode="131000" >
<area name="安次区" postcode="131002" />
<area name="广阳区" postcode="131003" />
<area name="固安县" postcode="131022" />
<area name="永清县" postcode="131023" />
<area name="香河县" postcode="131024" />
<area name="大城县" postcode="131025" />
<area name="文安县" postcode="131026" />
<area name="大厂回族自治县" postcode="131028" />
<area name="霸州市" postcode="131081" />
<area name="三河市" postcode="131082" />
</city>
<city name="衡水市" postcode="131100" >
<area name="桃城区" postcode="131102" />
<area name="枣强县" postcode="131121" />
<area name="武邑县" postcode="131122" />
<area name="武强县" postcode="131123" />
<area name="饶阳县" postcode="131124" />
<area name="安平县" postcode="131125" />
<area name="故城县" postcode="131126" />
<area name="景县" postcode="131127" />
<area name="阜城县" postcode="131128" />
<area name="冀州市" postcode="131181" />
<area name="深州市" postcode="131182" />
</city>
</province>
太多省略。。。
可以在下面下载完整的city,xml
</root>

在javascript中解析

function getxmlDoc() {
var xmlDoc;
try { //IE浏览器
xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
} catch (err) {
try {	//firefox 等浏览器
xmlDoc = document.implementation.createDocument("", "", null);
} catch (e) {
alert("你的浏览器 版本太低了。。。");
}
}
//关闭 异步加载
xmlDoc.async = false;
//加载XML
xmlDoc.load("city1.xml");
return xmlDoc;
}
window.onload = function() {
//获得dom中的对象
var sheng = document.getElementById("sheng");
var shi = document.getElementById("shi");
var xian = document.getElementById("xian");
//定义函数对象
var xmlDoc = getxmlDoc();
//获得根节点
var root = xmlDoc.documentElement;
//通过根节点 获取子节点的集合
var provinces = root.childNodes;
//遍历 省份
for ( var i = 0; i < provinces.length; i++) {
//判断该节点是不是元素节点 ，同时也实现不同浏览器的兼容性
if (provinces[i].nodeType == 1) {
//创建option属性
var shengopt = document.createElement("option");
//添加文本
shengopt.appendChild(document.createTextNode(provinces[i]
.getAttribute("name")));
//创建属性 及属性值
shengopt.setAttribute("value", provinces[i]
.getAttribute("postcode"));
//添加到div中
sheng.appendChild(shengopt);
}
}
//点击省份 触发oncheange事件
sheng.onchange = function() {
//获取省节点的option对象的集合
var shengs = sheng.options;
//获取option对象的selectedIndex对象（下标值）
var num = shengs.selectedIndex;
//清除市 区；
shi.length = 0;
xian.length = 0;
// 根据获得的节点 获取其value值
var ppostcode = shengs[num].getAttribute("value");
//遍历省份
for ( var i = 0; i < provinces.length; i++) {
//判断该节点是不是元素节点 同时也为了实现不同浏览器的兼容性
if (provinces[i].nodeType == 1) {
//通过节点获取postcode值
var postcode = provinces[i].getAttribute("postcode");
//判断postcode是否相同
if (postcode == ppostcode) {
//通过省份获得城市 节点的集合
var cities = provinces[i].childNodes;
shi.length = 0;
//遍历城市
for ( var i = 0; i < cities.length; i++) {
//判断给节点是否为元素节点
if (cities[i].nodeType == 1) {
//创建option对象
var shiopt = document.createElement("option");
//添加文本
shiopt.appendChild(document.createTextNode(cities[i].getAttribute("name")));
//创建属性 及赋值
shiopt.setAttribute("value", cities[i].getAttribute("postcode"));
//添加到div中
shi.appendChild(shiopt);
}
}
break;
}

}
}

}
//点击市  触发oncange事件
shi.onchange = function() {
//获得市option对象集合
var shis = shi.options;
//通过option获得selesctedIndex对象
var nums = shis.selectedIndex;
//通过节点获取value值
var spostcode = shis[nums].getAttribute("value");
//遍历省
for ( var i = 0; i < provinces.length; i++) {
if (provinces[i].nodeType == 1) {
var cities = provinces[i].childNodes;
for ( var j = 0; j < cities.length; j++) {
if(cities[j].nodeType == 1){
var postcode = cities[j].getAttribute("postcode");
if (postcode == spostcode) {
xian.length = 0;
var areas = cities[j].childNodes;
for ( var k = 0; k < areas.length; k++) {
if (areas[k].nodeType == 1) {
var xianopt = document.createElement("option");		xianopt.appendChild(document.createTextNode(areas[k].getAttribute("name")));					xianopt.setAttribute("value",areas[k].getAttribute("postcode"));
xian.appendChild(xianopt);
}
}
break;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
</script>

html中显示

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>cities.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<body>
<div>
<span> <select id="sheng" style="width: 100px;">
</select> </span>
<span> <select id="shi" style="width: 100px;">
</select> </span>
<span> <select id="xian" style="width: 100px;">
</select> </span>
</div>
</body>
</html>