在.NET使用JSON作为数据交换格式
2011-03-21 13:25
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我们知道在.NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在.NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。
JSON(JavaScript
Object
Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数
据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在.NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类、
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类和
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类。
为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码:
[DataContract]
public
class
User
{
/// <summary>
/// 编号
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 用户名
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 创建时间
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 相关URL
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
List<
string
> Urls {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 薪水
/// </summary>
//[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
User()
{
Urls = new
List<
string
>();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
public
enum
Priority:
byte
{
Lowest=0x1,
BelowNormal=0x2,
Normal=0x4,
AboveNormal=0x8,
Highest=0x16
}
使用System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer
类是.NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在.NET
Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于System.Web.Extensions.dll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个
dll的引用。
下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子:
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };
//JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new
JavaScriptSerializer();
//JSON序列化
string
result=serializer.Serialize(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。
使用System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer
类位于System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对System.ServiceModel.Web.dll
的引用之外,还需要添加System.Runtime.Serialization.dll的引用,注意这个类也是在.NET
Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用。
下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子:
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };
string
result =
string
.Empty;
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
//JSON序列化
serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
}
//JSON反序列化
byte
[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
{
user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as
User;
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
}
注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上
[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上
[IgnoreDataMember]属性。
使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://www.codeplex.com/json/
),
它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是.NET Framework3.5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to
JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。
下面是使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类的例子:
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"周公"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls =
new
List<
string
> {
"http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com"
,
"http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"
} };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//使用Linq to JSON
JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
JToken token = jobject["Urls"
];
List<string
> urlList =
new
List<
string
>();
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
{
urlList.Add(t.ToString());
}
Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["
);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )
{
Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","
);
}
Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"
);
}
注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中
对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类
的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而
Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列
化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。
本文中所有的示例代码如下:
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.Web.Script.Serialization;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using
System.IO;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
using
Newtonsoft.Json;
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
namespace
JSONDemo
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
JavaScriptSerializerDemo();
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo();
JsonConvertDemo();
JsonConvertLinqDemo();
Console.ReadLine();
}
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };
//JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new
JavaScriptSerializer();
//JSON序列化
string
result=serializer.Serialize(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };
string
result =
string
.Empty;
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
//JSON序列化
serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
}
//JSON反序列化
byte
[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
{
user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as
User;
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"周公"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls =
new
List<
string
> {
"http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com"
,
"http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"
} };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//使用Linq to JSON
JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
JToken token = jobject["Urls"
];
List<string
> urlList =
new
List<
string
>();
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
{
urlList.Add(t.ToString());
}
Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["
);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )
{
Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","
);
}
Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"
);
}
}
[DataContract]
public
class
User
{
/// <summary>
/// 编号
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 用户名
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 创建时间
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 相关URL
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
List<
string
> Urls {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 薪水
/// </summary>
[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
User()
{
Urls = new
List<
string
>();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
public
enum
Priority:
byte
{
Lowest=0x1,
BelowNormal=0x2,
Normal=0x4,
AboveNormal=0x8,
Highest=0x16
}
}
程序的运行结果如下:
view plain
copy to clipboard
print
?
使
用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李
刚","CreateDate":"//Date(353521211984)//","Birthday":"
//Date(-277630788015)//","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127
使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest
使
用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:
{"Birthday":"//Date(-277630787953+0800)//","CreateDate":"
//Date(353521212046+0800)//","Priority":8,"Urls":
[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136
使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal
使
用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李
刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":
[],"Priority":2},长度:132
使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal
使
用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周
公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":
["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net
/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198
使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"]
总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。
JSON(JavaScript
Object
Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数
据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在.NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类、
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类和
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类。
为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码:
[DataContract]
public
class
User
{
/// <summary>
/// 编号
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 用户名
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 创建时间
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 相关URL
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
List<
string
> Urls {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 薪水
/// </summary>
//[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
User()
{
Urls = new
List<
string
>();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
public
enum
Priority:
byte
{
Lowest=0x1,
BelowNormal=0x2,
Normal=0x4,
AboveNormal=0x8,
Highest=0x16
}
[DataContract] public class User { /// <summary> /// 编号 /// </summary> [DataMember] public int UserId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 用户名 /// </summary> [DataMember] public string UserName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 创建时间 /// </summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 生日 /// </summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 相关URL /// </summary> [DataMember] public List<string> Urls { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 薪水 /// </summary> //[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 //[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 //[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 public int Salary { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 权利级别 /// </summary> [DataMember] public Priority Priority { get; set; } public User() { Urls = new List<string>(); } } /// <summary> /// 权利级别 /// </summary> public enum Priority:byte { Lowest=0x1, BelowNormal=0x2, Normal=0x4, AboveNormal=0x8, Highest=0x16 }
使用System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer
类是.NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在.NET
Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于System.Web.Extensions.dll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个
dll的引用。
下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子:
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };
//JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new
JavaScriptSerializer();
//JSON序列化
string
result=serializer.Serialize(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public static void JavaScriptSerializerDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 }; //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用 JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); //JSON序列化 string result=serializer.Serialize(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //JSON反序列化 user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result); Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); }
说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。
使用System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer
类位于System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对System.ServiceModel.Web.dll
的引用之外,还需要添加System.Runtime.Serialization.dll的引用,注意这个类也是在.NET
Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用。
下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子:
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };
string
result =
string
.Empty;
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
//JSON序列化
serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
}
//JSON反序列化
byte
[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
{
user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as
User;
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
}
public static void DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 }; string result = string.Empty; //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { //JSON序列化 serializer.WriteObject(stream, user); result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); } //JSON反序列化 byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer)) { user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User; Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); } }
注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上
[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上
[IgnoreDataMember]属性。
使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://www.codeplex.com/json/
),
它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是.NET Framework3.5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to
JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。
下面是使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类的例子:
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"周公"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls =
new
List<
string
> {
"http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com"
,
"http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"
} };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//使用Linq to JSON
JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
JToken token = jobject["Urls"
];
List<string
> urlList =
new
List<
string
>();
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
{
urlList.Add(t.ToString());
}
Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["
);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )
{
Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","
);
}
Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"
);
}
public static void JsonConvertDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 }; //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com /json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //JSON反序列化 user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); } public static void JsonConvertLinqDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls = new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } }; //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com /json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //使用Linq to JSON JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result); JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; List<string> urlList = new List<string>(); foreach (JToken t in token) { urlList.Add(t.ToString()); } Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); for (int i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ ) { Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","); } Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"); }
注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中
对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类
的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而
Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列
化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。
本文中所有的示例代码如下:
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.Web.Script.Serialization;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using
System.IO;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
using
Newtonsoft.Json;
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
namespace
JSONDemo
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
JavaScriptSerializerDemo();
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo();
JsonConvertDemo();
JsonConvertLinqDemo();
Console.ReadLine();
}
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };
//JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new
JavaScriptSerializer();
//JSON序列化
string
result=serializer.Serialize(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };
string
result =
string
.Empty;
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
//JSON序列化
serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
}
//JSON反序列化
byte
[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
using
(MemoryStream stream =
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
{
user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as
User;
Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"李刚"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//JSON反序列化
user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
{
User user = new
User { UserId = 1, UserName =
"周公"
, CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls =
new
List<
string
> {
"http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com"
,
"http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"
} };
//JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//JSON序列化
string
result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}"
, result, result.Length);
//使用Linq to JSON
JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
JToken token = jobject["Urls"
];
List<string
> urlList =
new
List<
string
>();
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
{
urlList.Add(t.ToString());
}
Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["
);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )
{
Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","
);
}
Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"
);
}
}
[DataContract]
public
class
User
{
/// <summary>
/// 编号
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 用户名
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 创建时间
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 相关URL
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
List<
string
> Urls {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 薪水
/// </summary>
[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
[DataMember]
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
User()
{
Urls = new
List<
string
>();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 权利级别
/// </summary>
public
enum
Priority:
byte
{
Lowest=0x1,
BelowNormal=0x2,
Normal=0x4,
AboveNormal=0x8,
Highest=0x16
}
}
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.IO; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using Newtonsoft.Json; using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq; using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters; namespace JSONDemo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { JavaScriptSerializerDemo(); DataContractJsonSerializerDemo(); JsonConvertDemo(); JsonConvertLinqDemo(); Console.ReadLine(); } public static void JavaScriptSerializerDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 }; //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用 JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); //JSON序列化 string result=serializer.Serialize(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //JSON反序列化 user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result); Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); } public static void DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 }; string result = string.Empty; //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { //JSON序列化 serializer.WriteObject(stream, user); result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); } //JSON反序列化 byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer)) { user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User; Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); } } public static void JsonConvertDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 }; //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com /json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //JSON反序列化 user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority); } public static void JsonConvertLinqDemo() { User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls = new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } }; //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com /json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user); Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length); //使用Linq to JSON JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result); JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; List<string> urlList = new List<string>(); foreach (JToken t in token) { urlList.Add(t.ToString()); } Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); for (int i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ ) { Console.Write(urlList[i] + ","); } Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]"); } } [DataContract] public class User { /// <summary> /// 编号 /// </summary> [DataMember] public int UserId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 用户名 /// </summary> [DataMember] public string UserName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 创建时间 /// </summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 生日 /// </summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 相关URL /// </summary> [DataMember] public List<string> Urls { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 薪水 /// </summary> [ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 [IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 [JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 public int Salary { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 权利级别 /// </summary> [DataMember] public Priority Priority { get; set; } public User() { Urls = new List<string>(); } } /// <summary> /// 权利级别 /// </summary> public enum Priority:byte { Lowest=0x1, BelowNormal=0x2, Normal=0x4, AboveNormal=0x8, Highest=0x16 } }
程序的运行结果如下:
view plain
copy to clipboard
?
使
用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李
刚","CreateDate":"//Date(353521211984)//","Birthday":"
//Date(-277630788015)//","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127
使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest
使
用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:
{"Birthday":"//Date(-277630787953+0800)//","CreateDate":"
//Date(353521212046+0800)//","Priority":8,"Urls":
[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136
使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal
使
用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李
刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":
[],"Priority":2},长度:132
使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal
使
用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周
公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":
["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net
/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198
使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"]
使 用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李 刚","CreateDate":"//Date(353521211984)//","Birthday":" //Date(-277630788015)//","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127 使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest 使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果: {"Birthday":"//Date(-277630787953+0800)//","CreateDate":" //Date(353521212046+0800)//","Priority":8,"Urls": [],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136 使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李 刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李 刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132 使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周 公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http: //blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198 使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net /zhoufoxcn"]
总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。
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