CString－>TCHAR*的转化可以用函数GetBuff()
函数原型为：LPTSTR GetBuffer( int nMinBufLength );
CString str("CString");
TCHAR* szMsg = new TCHAR[100];
//其参数为CString字符串的长度
szMsg = str.GetBuffer(str.GetLength());
str.ReleaseBuffer();
delete []szMsg;
szMsg = NULL;
TCHAR*－>CString的转化
TCHAR szTchar[18] = L"TCHAR";
CString str;
str.Format(_T("%s"),szTchar);
CString和string的互相转换
CString->std::string 例子：
CString strMfc="test";
std::string strStl;
strStl=strMfc.GetBuffer(0);
std::string->CString 例子：
CString strMfc；
std::string strStl="test";
strMfc=strStl.c_str();
对有关数据类型转换的整理int i = 100;
long l = 2001;
float f=300.2;
double d=12345.119;
char username[]="程佩君";
char temp[200];
char *buf;
CString str;
_variant_t v1;
_bstr_t v2;
一、其它数据类型转换为字符串
短整型(int)
itoa(i,temp,10);///将i转换为字符串放入temp中,最后一个数字表示十进制
itoa(i,temp,2); ///按二进制方式转换
长整型(long)
ltoa(l,temp,10);
浮点数(float,double)
用fcvt可以完成转换,这是MSDN中的例子:
int decimal, sign;
char *buffer;
double source = 3.1415926535;
buffer = _fcvt( source, 7, &decimal, &sign );
运行结果:source: 3.1415926535 buffer: '31415927' decimal: 1 sign: 0
decimal表示小数点的位置,sign表示符号:0为正数，1为负数
CString变量
str = "2008北京奥运";
buf = (LPSTR)(LPCTSTR)str;
BSTR变量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"程序员");
char * buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrValue);
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
CComBSTR变量
CComBSTR bstrVar("test");
char *buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrVar.m_str);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
_bstr_t变量
_bstr_t类型是对BSTR的封装，因为已经重载了=操作符，所以很容易使用
_bstr_t bstrVar("test");
const char *buf = bstrVar;///不要修改buf中的内容
AfxMessageBox(buf);
通用方法(针对非COM数据类型)
用sprintf完成转换
char buffer[200]; char c = '1'; int i = 35; long j = 1000; float f = 1.7320534f; sprintf( buffer, "%c",c); sprintf( buffer, "%d",i); sprintf( buffer, "%d",j); sprintf( buffer, "%f",f);
二、字符串转换为其它数据类型
strcpy(temp,"123");
短整型(int)
i = atoi(temp);
长整型(long)
l = atol(temp);
浮点(double)
d = atof(temp);
CString变量
CString name = temp;
BSTR变量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"程序员");
...///完成对bstrValue的使用
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
CComBSTR变量
CComBSTR类型变量可以直接赋值
CComBSTR bstrVar1("test");
CComBSTR bstrVar2(temp);
_bstr_t变量
_bstr_t类型的变量可以直接赋值
_bstr_t bstrVar1("test");
_bstr_t bstrVar2(temp);
三、其它数据类型转换到CString
使用CString的成员函数Format来转换,例如:
整数(int)
str.Format("%d",i);
浮点数(float)
str.Format("%f",i);
字符串指针(char *)等已经被CString构造函数支持的数据类型可以直接赋值
str = username;
对于Format所不支持的数据类型，可以通过上面所说的关于其它数据类型转化到char *的方法先转到char *，然后赋值给CString变量。
四、BSTR、_bstr_t与CComBSTR
CComBSTR 是ATL对BSTR的封装，_bstr_t是C++对BSTR的封装,BSTR是32位指针,但并不直接指向字串的缓冲区。
char *转换到BSTR可以这样:
BSTR b=_com_util::ConvertStringToBSTR("数据");///使用前需要加上comutil.h和comsupp.lib
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
反之可以使用
char *p=_com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(b);
delete p;
具体可以参考一，二段落里的具体说明。
CComBSTR与_bstr_t对大量的操作符进行了重载，可以直接进行=,!=,==等操作，所以使用非常方便。
特别是_bstr_t,建议大家使用它。
五、VARIANT 、_variant_t 与 COleVariant
VARIANT的结构可以参考头文件VC98/Include/OAIDL.H中关于结构体tagVARIANT的定义。
对于VARIANT变量的赋值：首先给vt成员赋值，指明数据类型，再对联合结构中相同数据类型的变量赋值，举个例子：
VARIANT va;
int a=2001;
va.vt=VT_I4;///指明整型数据
va.lVal=a; ///赋值
_variant_t是VARIANT的封装类，其赋值可以使用强制类型转换，其构造函数会自动处理这些数据类型。
使用时需加上#include <comdef.h>
例如：
long l=222;
ing i=100;
_variant_t lVal(l);
lVal = (long)i;
COleVariant的使用与_variant_t的方法基本一样，请参考如下例子：
COleVariant v3 = "字符串", v4 = (long)1999;
CString str =(BSTR)v3.pbstrVal;
long i = v4.lVal;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
本主题演示如何将各种 C++ 字符串类型转换为其他字符串。可以转换的字符串类型包括 char *、wchar_t*、_bstr_t、CComBSTR、CString、basic_string 和 System.String。在所有情况下，在将字符串转换为新类型时，都会创建字符串的副本。对新字符串进行的任何更改都不会影响原始字符串，反之亦然。
从 char * 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 char * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_char.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
char *orig = "Hello, World!";
cout << orig << " (char *)" << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 wchar_t * 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 wchar_t * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_wchar_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
wchar_t *orig = L"Hello, World!";
wcout << orig << L" (wchar_t *)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
size_t origsize = wcslen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 _bstr_t 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 _bstr_t 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_bstr_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
_bstr_t orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (_bstr_t)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, (char *)orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, (wchar_t *)orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr((char *)orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring((char *)orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring((char *)orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String((char *)orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 CComBSTR 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 CComBSTR 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_ccombstr.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
CComBSTR orig("Hello, World!");
CW2A printstr(orig);
cout << printstr << " (CComBSTR)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
CW2A tmpstr1(orig);
strcpy_s(nstring, tmpstr1);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 CString 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 CString 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_cstring.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
CString orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (CString)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 basic_string 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 basic_string 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_basic_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
string orig("Hello, World!");
cout << orig << " (basic_string)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig.c_str());
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t origsize = strlen(orig.c_str()) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig.c_str(), _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig.c_str());
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig.c_str());
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig.c_str());
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig.c_str());
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
输出Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (System::String)
从 System::String 转换示例说明此示例演示如何从 System.String 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_system_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
String ^orig = gcnew String("Hello, World!");
Console::WriteLine("{0} (System::String)", orig);
pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars(orig);
// Convert to a char*
size_t origsize = wcslen(wch) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, wch, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, wch);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(wch);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(wch);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(wch);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(wch);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
delete orig;
}
输出Hello, World! (System::String)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
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